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Bridging the divide between theory and practice, this textbook provides an easy-to-read introduction to the basic concepts required for translation practice today. Filling a void in the translation textbook market, it is unique in bringing both current theoretical and empirical knowledge to translation practice in a contextualized and relevant manner, to provide an alternative to translation studies surveys and language-specific manuals. This fully updated second edition features the latest ideas, methodologies, and technological advancements in translation theory and practice. It includes a new chapter on the role of the translator, as well as a useful teacher's companion to facilitate instructional use. Each chapter includes a wide range of exercises, textual figures, and examples taken from a range of different languages. The book also includes numerous online resources, such as PowerPoint chapter summaries and multiple-choice tests with answers. It is ideal for language teachers, translation and language students, and language industry professionals.
Modern audiences see the chorus as an emblematic yet static element of ancient Greek drama, whose reflective songs puncture the action. This is the first book to look beyond these odes to the group's complex and varied roles as actors and physical performers. It argues that the chorus' flexibility and interactive nature has been occluded by the desire from Aristotle onwards to assign the group a single formal role. It presents four choreographies that ancient playwrights employed across tragedy, satyr play, and comedy: fragmentation, augmentation, interruption, and interactivity. By illustrating how the chorus was split, augmented, interrupted, and placed in dialogue, this book shows how dramatists experimented with the chorus' configuration and continual presence. The multiple self-reflexive ways in which ancient dramatists staged the group confirms that the chorus was not only a nimble dramatic instrument, but also a laboratory for experimenting with a range of dramatic possibilities.
By the late 19th century, China had degenerated into one of the world's poorest economies. Despite generations of effort for national rejuvenation, China did not reverse its fate until the market-oriented reform. Since then, China has become the most dynamic economy in the world and is likely to regain its position as the world's largest economy before 2030. Demystifying the Chinese Economy, provides insightful answers to why China was so advanced in premodern times and what caused it to become so poor for almost two centuries. It explains how China maintained stability and grew rapidly in its transition to an open, market economy. Featuring three new chapters (and five new appendices) on challenges facing China's economic development and structural reform, this new edition covers topical issues such as the origins of US-Sino trade frictions, the impact of Donald Trump's presidency, and the development of the 'Belt and Road' initiative.
The Anglo-American invasion of Iraq and the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 brought exiles of Hussein's tyrannical reign flooding back to their native land, bringing with them the flavours and customs from adopted homes and with it sweeping, transnational power. 'Handing over power to the Iraqis' meant handing over power to the country's most elite transplants. Meanwhile, transnational diasporic activism and networks have simultaneously challenged state policies, buttressing the state apparatus through welfare provision and solidarity networks. How did the Iraqi diaspora achieve such a powerful position and shape the Iraqi state in 2003? What kind of state did they build? And what lessons can be learnt from the Iraqi diaspora for understanding Iraqi nationhood and statehood today? This study explores these questions, drawing on interviews with a wide range of actors to offer a pertinent insight into the critical role of diaspora in shaping the evolution of homeland states under modern processes of globalisation.
Secure property rights are widely considered to be an essential prerequisite for sustained economic development; in Britain it is debated whether they have been secure since the medieval period or only established in the mid-seventeenth century. Within this context, Sean Bottomley examines wardship - the Crown's prerogative right(s) to appropriate landed estates which had descended to a legal minor until they attained their majority, to take custody of the child and, where they were unmarried, to decide their marriage partner. Bottomley demonstrates that this constituted a significant yet grossly inefficient and corrupted source of crown revenue, one that inflicted tangible economic penalties. It was also indicative of the decaying capacity of the early Stuart state and Bottomley concludes that without the constitutional changes of the mid to late seventeenth-century, Britain would not have industrialised in the eighteenth-century.
In this major new interpretation of Sino-North Korean relations, Gregg A. Brazinsky argues that neither the PRC nor the DPRK would have survived as socialist states without the ideal of Sino-North Korean friendship. Chinese and North Korean leaders encouraged mutual empathy and sentimental attachments between their citizens and then used these emotions to strengthen popular commitment to socialist state building. Drawing on an array of previously unexamined Chinese and North Korean sources, Brazinsky shows how mutual empathy helped to shape political, military, and cultural interactions between the two socialist allies. He explains why the unique relationship that Beijing and Pyongyang forged during the Korean War remained important throughout the Cold War and how it continues to influence the international relations of East Asia today.
Strategic Compensation and Talent Management is a modern guide for managers and students navigating the complexities of pay, incentives, and workforce strategy in today's dynamic business environment. Written in a clear, conversational style, it blends real-world insights with foundational theory and invites readers to step into the manager's role to solve practical problems around attracting, retaining, and motivating talent. Expanded from 15 to 21 chapters, this second edition adds new content on performance management, remote and hybrid work, AI-driven compensation, pay transparency and evolving workforce expectations. A robust visual toolkit – including new diagrams and frameworks – enhances conceptual clarity, and all 50 real-world case discussions are now hosted online to support flexible teaching and group learning. With practical 'lessons for managers' in every chapter and a rich suite of teaching resources – including test banks, syllabi, and case materials – this text is both a classroom asset and a professional reference.
Clergy formed a distinct and privileged group in later medieval society as regarded violent crime. Church law was intended to protect them from it, induce them to avoid it, and exempt them from secular justice following it. But in practice, were the clergy so separate from the violent culture around them and different from the laymen who dominated it? In the first full-length study of this subject in the later medieval period, Peter Clarke shows that clergy accused of violent and other crimes increasingly submitted to secular justice like laymen, seeking clerical immunity only as a last resort. It reveals that church authorities, in providing legal redress for clerical victims of lay violence, sought to heal divisions between laity and clergy, not to deepen them. Additionally, it explores the motives and contexts behind clerical involvement in violent crime, both as perpetrators and victims, revealing that clergy often acted similarly to laymen.
What happens when Western law is no longer the default referent for legal modernity? This is a deceptively simple question, but its implications are significant for such fields as comparative law, international law, and law and development. Whereas much of comparative law is predicated on the idea that modern law flows West to East and North to South, this volume proposes the paradigm of 'Inter-Asian Law' (IAL), pointing to an emerging field of comparative law that explores the legal interactions between and among Asian jurisdictions. This volume is an experimental and preliminary effort to think through other beginnings and endings for law's movement from one jurisdiction to another, laying the grounds for new interactions between legal systems. In addition to providing an analytical framework to study IAL, the volume consists of fifteen chapters written by scholars from Asia and who study Asia that provide doctrinal and empirical accounts of IAL. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element explores the modern yearning for things of the past, from early modern antiquarianism to the contemporary art market. It tells a global story about scholars who, driven by this yearning, roamed the world and amassed many of its historical artefacts. Their motivation was not just pleasure or profit. They longed for a past that had been lost and strived to reconstruct world history anew. This rewriting of history unleashed heated debates, all over the world and raging for centuries. The debates concerned not only the past but also the present and the future. By revealing a strange and foreign past, many believed, the material remains opened a path to modernity. So, the Element is a journey into not only the history of historical scholarship, and its obsession with things, but also the modern condition and our relationship to the past as modern human beings.
This Element reconsiders the historical, theoretical, racial, disability, and editorial problem of genealogy by analyzing to-be-spoken genealogies in two plays in the 1623 Shakespeare First Folio: the 'Salic Law' speech in Henry V and the 'seven sons' scene in Henry VI, Part Two. Both passages also exist in a significantly variant version in The Chronicle history of Henry the Fifth (1600) and The First Part of the Contention (1594). The differences between the two versions of the biological/bloodline genealogy have been central to the long-dominant theory of 'bad quartos'. That theory assumes that early modern chroniclers and playwrights shared the values of modern archival historians: they assume that Shakespeare prioritized accuracy over acting. The authors offer an alternative reading of genealogies written to be performed onstage as 'documentary effects', adapted for changing audiences in a new multimedia entertainment industry. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
An entire forgotten corpus of US writing on the Nazi German enemy boomed in a matter of a few years, peaked during World War II, and collapsed within months of the war ending. For a fleeting moment in history, significant parts of the intellectual world in the United States converged to provide a cool-headed analysis of the Nazi threat and a clear identification of the enemy. Starting in 1944, these writers also offered an elaborate plan for a postwar re-education that would transform the National Socialist German nation into a democratic ally. Readers alarmed by the current resurgence of authoritarianism will learn from the work of those activists who analyzed Nazi Germany during World War II. This book, the first monographic study of this literature, provides pointed introductions to the main intellectual projects, their unique collaborative spirit, and their epochal results.
In Chilling Effects, Jonathon W. Penney explores the increasing weaponization of surveillance, censorship, and new technology to repress and control us. With corporations, governments, and extremist actors using big data, cyber-mobs, AI, and other threats to limit our rights and freedoms, concerns about chilling effects – or how these activities deter us from exercising our rights – have become urgent. Penney draws on law, privacy, and social science to present a new conformity theory that highlights the dangers of chilling effects and their potential to erode democracy and enable a more illiberal future. He critiques conventional theories and provides a framework for predicting, explaining, and evaluating chilling effects in a range of contexts. Urgent and timely, Chilling Effects sheds light on the repressive and conforming effects of technology, state, and corporate power, and offers a roadmap of how to respond to their weaponization today and in the future.
Revolutions are cosmogonic. More than any other modern political form, their deliberate goal is to precipitate change as a total, all-embracing project: not just a radically new political order but one that reaches deep into the fabric of social relationships, seeking to transform people at their very core, recasting the horizons that give their lives shape and meaning. Combining ethnographic and historiographic research, Shapes in Revolution tells the story of this radical process of life-formation, with all of its rugged contradictions and ambiguities, as it has unfolded in Cuba. As well as a novel anthropological perspective on revolutions, the upshot is a fresh approach to the study of political forms and their power to format people and their relationships into particular shapes. Articulating politics through the shapes it gives to people and their lives, the work proposes relational morphology as a new departure for political anthropology.
According to the WHO in 2024, more than 720,000 people die due to suicide every year. With practical, evidence-based interventions, suicides can be prevented. This book addresses and evaluates those strategies in order to address this global health issue. Written by international experts in the field, this book provides global strategies applicable in both High Income and Low/Middle Income country settings. Chapters cover topics such as decriminalisation, the role of intention, the reasons for the excess of male deaths by suicide in High Income countries, and the relationship between suicide and violence. The book emphasises practicality and accessibility, making it an authoritative guide for practitioners and policy makers around the world. This succinct and evidence-based resource is essential reading for those seeking to develop and implement global suicide prevention strategies.
In The U.S. Presidency, E. Thomas Sullivan and Richard W. Painter examine the evolving state of presidential power in the United States, specifically facilitating discussion and debate concerning the power, responsibility, and accountability of U.S. Presidents. How is power acquired? How is it used or misused? How are the President's powers checked and how are they held accountable to and by the people? Rather than promote a single theory of presidential power, Sullivan and Painter answer these questions with a wide range of arguments for and against power in a broad number of circumstances and Supreme Court holdings. Grounded in the intersection of law, politics, and history, this book engages readers across disciplines, helping them understand the remarkable transformation of the United States presidency. Objective and timely, The U.S. Presidency makes a case for a democratic model of self-government centered on accountability and the rule of law.
The purpose of this Element is to provide a comprehensive overview of organizational stigma research development and to identify future research directions, focusing specifically on the organization as the level of analysis. It provides a historical and contemporary review of the organizational stigma literature, identifies the most essential topics of discussion when researching organizational stigma, and moves through them to highlight the most salient topics for future research. Organizational stigma is a multidimensional and multidirectional conception. While attached to the organization, organizational stigma is developed based on the evaluation of an attribute, characteristics, or behavior of the organization by an organizational audience. In other words, the stigma is in the eye of the beholder, a result of the sociocognitive processes of heterogenous audiences. The authors hope to illustrate the important role that stigma and other social evaluations play in organizations and their inherently inseparable role in society.
In this comprehensive volume, the authors introduce some of the most important recent developments at the intersection of probability theory and mathematical physics, including the Gaussian free field, Gaussian multiplicative chaos and Liouville quantum gravity. This is the first book to present these topics using a unified approach and language, drawing on a large array of multi-disciplinary techniques. These range from the combinatorial (discrete Gaussian free field, random planar maps) to the geometric (culminating in the path integral formulation of Liouville conformal field theory on the Riemann sphere) via the complex analytic (based on the couplings between Schramm–Loewner evolution and the Gaussian free field). The arguments (currently scattered over a vast literature) have been streamlined and the exposition very carefully thought out to present the theory as much as possible in a reader-friendly, pedagogical yet rigorous way, suitable for graduate students as well as researchers.
This groundbreaking Companion explores how Counter-Reformation sanctity reshaped religious identities, sacred traditions, and devotional practices that transformed Catholicism into the first global religion. Offering a fresh perspective on early modern Catholicism, it moves beyond traditional debates about Reformation and Reform and presents sanctity as the defining lens through which to view the period's transformative changes. By examining the lives, representations, and global impact of saints, the Companion demonstrates how sanctity countered the Protestant challenge and also transformed the very fabric of Catholicism between 1500 and 1750. Organized into four thematic sections – models of sanctity, the creation and contestation of sanctity, the representation of saints, and everyday interactions with saints – the volume also provides insight into the role of holiness during this pivotal period in Church history. Connecting history, theology, art history, and material culture, this interdisciplinary Companion serves as an indispensable resource for scholars and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of early modern Catholicism's influence on European and global history.
In 1662, in the aftermath of the Restoration, parliament passed new legislation for the settlement and removal of the poor. Important provisions were finalised in no more than a few days. But once the settlement of the poor was set in law it became an agent of historical change that affected society, state formation, and the lives of millions in Britain and beyond for centuries to come. Within a few decades, practices of local government were transformed. In towns and villages hierarchies of social status and gender were affected. The rising empire employed the settlement administration to mobilise forces for large-scale international wars and to deal with soldiers' wives and children left behind. The huge number of bureaucratic forms generated following the new policies made a lasting impact on administrative culture. The Settlement of the Poor in England is about social change and about history's unintended consequences. It is also about the struggles and experiences of individuals and communities. It reminds us how the settlement legislation still resonates today. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.