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The Nazi-Soviet War was the largest and most brutal theatre of the Second World War, fought between two of the most ruthless states ever to exist. Bringing together twenty-four of the most accomplished authors in both German and Soviet history, this Cambridge Companion provides the most authoritative, and yet highly accessible, guide to the conflict. Each chapter examines a key aspect of the war from war planning, the opposing forces and the campaigns to criminality and occupation, alliances, the home fronts and postwar legacies and myth-making. The authors demonstrate that the Nazi-Soviet war was both a conventional clash of arms in which millions of soldiers fought in titanic battles, but also a non-conventional war in which soldiers and security forces murdered countless non-combatants. It was a war of resources, industry, mobilisation, administration, and popular support, with implications that still drive European security debates today.
In one of the first energy histories of Southeast Asia, Thuy Linh Nguyen explores the environmental, economic, and social history of large-scale coal mining in French colonial Vietnam. Focusing on the Quảng Yên coal basin in northern Vietnam, known for the world's largest anthracite coal mines, this deeply researched study demonstrates how mining came to dominate the landscape, restructuring the region's environment and upending local communities. Nguyen pays particular attention to the role of various non-state local actors, often underrepresented in grand narratives of modern Vietnam, including Vietnamese and Chinese migrant mine workers, timber traders, loggers, and local ethnic minorities. Breaking away from the metropole-colony paradigm, Nguyen offers a new lens through which to explore the dynamics of colonial rule and the importance of inter-Asian networks, arguing that the colonial energy regime must be understood as a complex, multilayered interaction between empire, capital, labor, water, sea, land, and timber forests.
Bridging the gap between linguistic theory and practice, this timely book demonstrates the transformative potential of corpus linguistics research and methods across a wide range of contexts. With contributions from a diverse range of authors, this book provides contemporary reflections on both established applications in language education, as well as emergent contexts in which corpus methods are driving social change, such as the media and law. Each chapter provides case studies that clearly demonstrate pathways from theory and analysis to application and impact, making the theory accessible without assuming specialised knowledge of specific contexts. Featuring the development of innovative methods and tools, the book shows readers that corpus linguistics is a discipline attuned to both methodological and societal impact. Showcasing the cutting-edge contributions that corpus linguistics is making to contemporary applied linguistics, this book is essential reading for academics, professionals, and anyone interested in the practical application of language data.
Cubature rules are indispensable tools in scientific computing and applied sciences whenever evaluating or discretizing integrals is needed. This monograph is the first comprehensive resource devoted to cubature rules in English since Stroud's classic 1971 book, and the first book about minimal cubature rules. The book explores the subject's theoretical side, which intersects with many branches of mathematics. Minimal cubature rules are intimately connected with common zeros of orthogonal polynomials, which can be described via the polynomial ideals and varieties. Many prominent or practical cubature rules are invariant under a finite group, and some involve symmetric functions and the discrete Fourier transform. Based on state-of-the-art research, the book systematically studies Gauss and minimal cubature rules, and includes a chapter on the practical aspects of construction cubature rules on triangles and simplexes. This comprehensive guide is ideal for researchers and advanced graduate students across the computational and applied mathematics community.
The idea of the individual as autonomous, capable of understanding through the use of reason what morality requires, and capable of doing the right thing because it is right, is one of the pillars of the Enlightenment, and Kant's ethics provides a robust account of the way in which the individual's capacity for moral insight, and freedom to make choices in accordance with such insight, are indispensable for any account of an authentic commitment to the objective good. Jacqueline Mariña situates Kant's ethical and metaethical arguments in the wider context of his claims in his critical works, convincingly rebutting recent claims that he did not succeed in showing that rational agents are necessarily bound by the moral law, and that he ended up with an empty moral dogmatism. Her book shows that the whole of Kant's critical works, both theoretical and practical, were much more coherent than many interpreters allow.
Uniformitarianism is the widely held assumption that, in languages, changes in the past must have been subject to the same constraints as changes in the present. This volume, led by two of the most eminent scholars in language contact, brings together an international team of authors to shed new light on Uniformitarianism in historical linguistics. Applying the Uniformitarian Principle to creole and pidgin languages, as well as other languages, the chapters show that, contrary to the received doctrine, the former group of languages did not emerge in an exceptional way. Covering a typologically and geographically broad range of languages, and focusing on different contact ecologies in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, the book also dispels common misconceptions about what Uniformitarianism is. It shows how similar processes in different ecosystems result in different linguistic patterns, which don't require exceptional linguistic explanations in terms of creolization, pidginization, simplification, or incomplete acquisition.
Essentials of Geomorphology is an introductory textbook covering the latest research on landforms, both on Earth as well as on planets and moons. This easy-to-read, non-quantitative textbook hones in on the knowledge of leading experts in the field, and presents the practicality, applications and necessity of geomorphology. Replete with beautiful color figures and photographs, it contains in-depth discussions on fluvial and glacial geomorphology while also covering topics such as planetary geomorphology, biogeomorphology, Earth history and climate change, and periglacial systems. Descriptive, but also process-driven, it is intended for readers interested in physical landscapes, regardless of their previous background or level of training in geography or geology. To this end, it only includes the basic mathematics needed to understand the concepts presented.
This essential primary-source reader brings together documents collected over decades of research into security agency tradecraft and Chinese Cold War-era human intelligence. Michael Schoenhals' expert translation of the texts teases out meanings from memoranda, decodes marginal notes from senior officers, and unpacks the hastily scribbled communications of covert human sources. Together, these sources trace the resilience of covert human intelligence as an institution, even when faced with revelations of major misconduct and calls for its reform. With editorial introductions providing valuable context, this collection offers an informed interpretation of the domestic recruitment and running of agents that sheds critical new light on Chinese security agencies' intelligence gathering operations and capacity building during the Cold War.
Kant and Environmental Philosophy starts with problems of the Anthropocene and looks to Immanuel Kant for answers. It offers a close reading of Kant's texts, arguing that the views we find in his ethical, political, and aesthetic theory are helpful for making sense of ecological challenges like climate change. The book clarifies our duties regarding climate extinction, geoengineering, consumerism, and future generations. It provides insights and solutions for obstacles to sustainability, including corruption and the possibility of civil collapse. In environmental philosophy, historical commentators mine familiar philosophers for insights to these problems, but Kant is often seen as an anthropocentric and dualistic individualist in a world dominated by consequentialist thinking, and accordingly he is overlooked as relevant for environmental philosophy. This book challenges that conclusion, and its comprehensive examination of Kant's texts provides lessons for environmental philosophy and climate ethics at a time when a fresh perspective is desperately needed.
Dazai Shundai (1680–1747) is a critical figure in Japanese political thought, who developed his philosophy in response to a perceived crisis in the status of the ruling samurai class, of which he was a member. This volume introduces sections from his most significant work of political thought, Keizairoku (1729), and its addendum Keizairoku shūi (1744). Extracts present Shundai's program of political and economic reform, as he grappled with the upheavals and opportunities accompanying the breakdown of feudal agrarianism and the emergence of a modern commercial economy. While Shundai accepted the inevitability of this economic transition, his vision of political economy remained conservative, with a focus on strengthening samurai-class supremacy. Peter Flueckiger offers a critical introduction to Shundai's ideas, exploring the nuances of his engagement with Confucian thought, and extensive annotations provide further textual and historical context. This volume thus demonstrates how Shundai's writings prefaced increasingly ambitious theories of state-managed economic growth in early modern and modern Japan.
Religion and slavery have been connected since the beginning of human history, but their tangled relationship has rarely been dissected and truly understood. This groundbreaking book illuminates how religion has intersected with the institution of slavery, both as a force for its perpetuation and as a catalyst for its abolition. Spanning antiquity to the present day, this book offers a comprehensive overview of how Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and other faiths have variously justified, moderated, restricted, or opposed slavery. Experts Kevin Bales and Michael Rota integrate historical, philosophical, theological, and social scientific perspectives to offer fresh interdisciplinary insights into this crucial social justice issue. Engaging contemporary challenges, it covers ISIS's religious justifications for enslavement and the role of the caste system in modern bondage. Finally, it highlights faith-based antislavery activism today and asks how religious communities can amplify their efforts to combat the enduring scourge of slavery worldwide.
Since the pandemic, many have been reflecting on their path, direction, and identity, all tied to a deeper question: What is one's purpose in life? Research reveals that understanding this purpose can significantly impact well-being, health, and personal development. This volume offers fresh insights by bringing together scholars from various fields to explore purpose from different angles. Each contributor delves into what purpose means and why individuals with a clear sense of it often enjoy better health, financial stability, and cognitive well-being. While this book won't define your life's purpose, it offers rich material to guide your personal journey.
Accessible and engaging, The Politics of Human Rights offers a fresh, empirical approach to understanding human dignity and the global responsibility to protect it. Unlike traditional texts, this textbook moves beyond theory, using data-driven insights to explore why human rights violations occur and how they can be prevented. It emphasizes shared responsibility across borders to uphold human rights. Designed for students and educators, this fully updated edition enhances learning with discussion questions, recommended readings, and a unique collection of films, podcasts, and websites that bring human rights issues to life. It provides a well-rounded perspective, grounded in latest social scientific research, for anyone interested in human rights. Whether used for introductory courses or interdisciplinary studies, this book equips readers with the knowledge and tools to critically engage with human rights issues, making it an essential resource for understanding and advocating for human dignity in the twenty-first century.
While historical scholarship has often downplayed the importance of Machiavelli's theory of the state, this study reconstructs the question of lo stato as the conceptual crux of his political philosophy. Peter Stacey offers a detailed reconstruction of the historical context from which Machiavelli's theory emerges, demonstrating how the intellectual and ideological contours of Machiavelli's thinking, as well as much of its content, were decisively shaped by conceptual apparatuses drawn from the Roman philosophical, rhetorical and aesthetic discourse. Stacey further provides a sustained analysis of the development of Machiavelli's picture of the state from his earliest writings onwards, underlining the extent to which the Florentine draws deeply upon several key aspects of this intellectual inheritance in hitherto unacknowledged ways, while calling into question some of its cherished assumptions about the character of collective political entities. As Machiavelli's thinking unfolds across The Prince and the Discourses, Stacey illustrates how a strikingly novel conception of the body politic marks him out as the author of a distinctively new philosophy of the state.
Knowing your end-customer, how they think, and how they make decisions is crucial for the effective design and management of marketing channels. In this comprehensive and engaging new textbook, Frazier demystifies strategic channel decision-making by emphasizing the basics and using real-world examples from a range of industries to demonstrate how channels of distribution are organized and coordinated. Taking a managerial decision-making approach, students are guided through the text via a range of pedagogical features, including learning objectives and key takeaways, and can test their understanding with end-of-chapter review and discussion questions. Instructors are supported by an extensive suite of online resources, including test bank cartridges, lecture slides, and figures from the book. Every chapter is accompanied by two online case studies, one B2B, one B2C, while the instructor manual brings together teaching tips, links to relevant videos, and sample exam papers, along with model answers to the chapter assessments to assist with class marking.
This Element examines clientelism and its impact on democratic institutions and markets, emphasizing that, alongside electoral competition, politics hosts two additional arenas: one where political actors seek campaign resources and active supporters, and another where socioeconomic actors pursue access to state-distributed resources. Clientelism emerges from reciprocal exchanges between these actors. Political parties use clientelism to incentivize collective action and organize campaigns. Playing this 'clientelist game', no party can reduce clientelistic practices without risking electoral defeat or internal fragmentation. Clientelism weakens the provision of public goods and skews policymaking to benefit clients over general welfare. Eventually, it generates an economic 'tragedy of the commons', as state resources are overexploited and the economy suffers, while formal institutions often fail to constrain it. Even in advanced democracies like the United States, political competition is not only electoral, targeting voters, but structurally clientelist. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Embed climate-focused energy awareness in every step of your educational program with this unique guide to specifying, designing, implementing and evaluating educational energy initiatives. Discover how to design programs for different learner groups, and keep learners engaged; develop energy-focused project-based hands-on experiential teaching approaches; champion professional development; embed systems, modelling, and computational analysis within curricula; and address issues in justice and equity. This uniquely interdisciplinary approach spans engineering, the physical sciences, and the social sciences, supporting instructors in delivering programs that feed global demand for energy-related climate education, while highlighting ways to avoid the pitfalls of engineering-only energy programs. Ideal for academics involved in teaching and developing undergraduate and graduate courses in energy, academic educational program managers, and professionals in energy-related early career onboarding, this is your key to unlock an empowered energy transition workforce.
Understanding the relationship between language, discourse, and materiality is essential for analysing everyday social action. This Element draws on linguistic ethnography to explore how objects, talk, and people interact in corner shops and markets in Sydney, Australia. Using insights from actor-network theory and the concept of mediational means/tools, it examines how discourse and materiality are mutually constitutive. Building on post-humanist approaches in applied linguistics, it reconceptualises the role of non-human entities in meaning-making. The Element offers a novel perspective on how objects participate in shaping cultural practices and social dynamics, extending applied linguistics' engagement with materiality. By treating objects as agents in discourse, it provides fresh insights into the entanglement of language, agency, and the material world. This Element highlights the importance of material conditions in shaping meaning and interaction, foregrounding the dynamic interplay between humans and non-humans in everyday communicative practices.
Maddalena Casulana (ca. 1535–ca. 1590) was the first woman to publish music under her own name and one of the first women to speak out publicly against the misogyny in sixteenth-century Italy. This book is the first comprehensive study dedicated to her and provides the first in-depth exploration of her life, work and music. Situating Casulana's pioneering contributions within the broader context of Renaissance music and gender history, the book reveals her as a key figure at the intersection of proto-feminist thought and early modern music. Through reconstructed madrigals, new archival research, and interdisciplinary analysis, this work will appeal to scholars of musicology, gender studies, and Renaissance history, as well as performers interested in reviving historically overlooked musical voices. Casulana's legacy speaks to both academic and contemporary audiences, making her an essential figure in the history of women in music.