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This book presents an innovative, holistic examination of the uses of the written word in early medieval England during a century of political and societal upheaval, culminating in the emergence of the kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons under Alfred the Great and his children, Æthelflæd and Edward the Elder. Through a diverse range of documentary, literary and material evidence, Robert Gallagher explains how literary activity during this period – particularly involving members of the laity – has often been underestimated. He focuses on several innovations in documentary culture that took place in the mid-ninth century, which in turn played a significant role in establishing the cultural conditions for Alfredian cultural renewal. The evidence makes clear that limited personal literacy did not pose a barrier to participation in literary activity and thus makes a major new contribution to our understanding of England's ninth- and tenth-century history.
Past climate fluctuations significantly shaped human ways of life. This Element reconstructs the Southern Levant climate (ca. 1300–300 BCE) using high-resolution, well-dated paleoclimate records. Results show a 150-year arid phase ending the Late Bronze Age, likely driving the collapse of eastern Mediterranean complex societies. The Iron Age I saw a return to humid climate conditions, fostering highland settlement expansion and supporting the rise of the biblical kingdoms. This was one of the region's most profound cycles of collapse and revival. During Iron Age II, climate conditions were moderate, similar to today. The Achaemenid period began with brief aridity, followed by renewed humidity. Pollen evidence, along with additional data such as charcoal remains, was employed to trace environmental changes, including variations in the composition of natural vegetation. Human impacts on the environment were also identified, including fruit tree cultivation, deforestation, overgrazing, the introduction of new plant species, and landscape terracing.
The Constitution of 1789 is a new introduction to the Constitution written on the semiquincentennial of American Independence, packed with novel and surprising insights about the Constitution's original meaning. The book takes the reader on an in-depth tour of the Constitution's structure and separation of powers, starting with the nature of written constitutions and the compound nature of the American Union. The book also explores the enumeration of legislative powers and its relation to the historic royal prerogatives, the meaning of executive power, and the distribution of foreign affairs and war powers between Congress and the President. It investigates the nature of judicial power and the Constitution's complex relationship with slavery, before addressing federalism and the scope of national powers. The Constitution of 1789 dismantles several common misconceptions and conventional wisdoms and is suitable for all readers interested in the law, politics, and history of the American Republic.
Now in its fourth edition, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education is an indispensable resource for pre-service and practising teachers. The practical, engaging guide introduces learners to key considerations for working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students and communities in educational settings. Every chapter has been comprehensively revised, integrating updated references to the current Australian Curriculum for primary and secondary school educators. The book is shaped by the distinct voices of the authors, with their stories providing a meaningful personal opening to each chapter. New chapters significantly broaden the scope of content, exploring topics such as deaf and disability inclusion, poetic inquiry, boarding school education, performing arts and new digital technologies. Written by highly respected Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander educators and academics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education continues to be essential reading for pre-service teachers and practising teachers at any career stage.
Demobilising the Far Right focuses on dynamics of mobilisation, counter-mobilisation, and state coercion to offer a new comparative study of far-right demonstration campaigns across Austria, England, and Germany from 1990–2020. With rigorous qualitative comparative analysis and process-tracing case studies, the book explores what factors drive the demobilisation of far-right movements and the critical role of state and societal responses. By examining key far-right groups like the British National Party and the German People's Union, it sheds light on a crucial yet underexplored area of social movement theory. Combining innovative methodology with rich empirical analysis, Demobilising the Far Right provides vital insights for understanding political violence, extremism, and protest movements as well as how states and social actors respond, and the implications for democratic societies.
Fashion has shaped literary study in often under-recognized ways. As this book shows, fashion has been a long-standing subject, material resource, and system influencing literary scholarship. In tracing those dynamics, the book defines and advances the field of fashion and literature as it cuts across conventional historical and linguistic research areas. Featuring eighteen chapters by leading scholars, it describes the state of the field and introduces new topics and questions. The chapters focus on the medieval period to the present and include accounts of how new fashions shaped new literary genres; how fashion influenced conceptions of history; and how fashion and literature together produced ideas of gender, sexuality, race, personhood, modernity, and freedom. They also examine the role that literary representations of garments have played in colonial and national histories and in artistic and political movements, including feminist, anticolonial, and abolitionist struggles.
This Element situates epistemic game theory at the intersection of decision theory, game theory, and interactive epistemology. It provides an overview and a critical assessment of some of the most classical results and contributions in the field: the epistemic characterization of Nash equilibrium, the epistemic interpretation of mixed actions, rationalizability in static games, and sub-game perfect equilibrium in dynamic games. The book furthermore discusses more recent contributions that highlight the importance of correlated beliefs in games, and as well as experimental and empirical findings on higher-order strategic reasoning.
The two connected Elements—Architecture and Interiors of the Harems in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul and Letters and Gifts in the Harems of Eighteenth-Century Istanbul—center on the lives of royal women during the reign of Selim III. Figures such as Mihrişah Valide Sultan, Sineperver Kadınefendi, and the sultan's sisters shaped Istanbul's urban and social landscape through philanthropy, political engagement, and leisure practices. Focusing on their sub-courts, we argue that these women were key constituents of Selim III's reform initiatives, the nizam-ı cedid. Together, the Elements trace how royal women made their presence visible, incorporating their courts into foreign diplomatic visitation circuits within an expanded Bosphorus network. They also examine the women's prolific correspondence with their kethüdas (stewards). These letters illuminate their material worlds, rivalries, and anxieties, and, most importantly, reveal their central role in shaping courtly decorum and the political culture of reform.
What is moral character, and how does it unfold over time? This book offers a fresh Kantian alternative to the dominant Aristotelian paradigm, which defines character as a stable set of virtues and vices. Drawing on Kant's moral philosophy, A Kantian Theory of Moral Character reframes character as a first-person commitment to moral principles - not a fixed trait, but a freely chosen, evolving practical orientation that shapes and is shaped by an agent's life as a whole. Central to this view is Kant's notion of Gesinnung: a person's fundamental moral disposition, constituted through free choice and the continuous reaffirmation of moral commitment. Bridging contemporary debates in ethics with historical insights from Kant, this study offers a compelling account of how freedom, moral commitment, temporality, and moral identity intertwine. It will interest scholars and students of philosophy, ethics, and moral psychology seeking a deeper understanding of character and moral agency.
Although the Supreme Court has historically resisted a partisan sorting out of its public legitimacy, today, Republicans and Democrats look at the Court in very different ways. This Element assembles original survey and experimental data to unpack these changes in three ways. First, the authors illustrate the powerful role that partisanship plays in shaping judicial public opinion. Second, they validate a new three-item measure of specific support and show that it reliably predicts perceptions of Supreme Court legitimacy. Finally, they introduce a new, applied measure of support for the rule of law and connect it to specific and diffuse support. Taken as a whole, their work demonstrates that large chunks of the mass public view the Supreme Court critically. Looking ahead, it is unclear whether legitimacy will rebound when citizens perceive that the balance of judicial power within the nation's High Court has fractured along party lines.
This Element is an introduction to classical computability theory and scientific efforts to use computability-theoretic notions to explain empirical phenomena. It is written for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in philosophy, assuming no prior exposure to computability theory. Its goals are threefold: (1) to introduce some important theoretical tools and results from classical computability theory; (2) to survey some of the ways these have been used to support explanatory projects in computer and cognitive science; and (3) to outline a few of the more prominent philosophical debates surrounding these projects.
Reconceptualising language as a dynamic, relational, and embodied practice, this book explores the concept of languaging. Moving beyond static, standardised, and purified understandings of languages, it traces how communication is lived, contested, and embodied across urban, rural, and remote mobility, everyday encounters, classroom pedagogies, and digital platforms. Through critical analyses of First Knowledging and First Languaging, nomadic languaging and knowledging, racialised and AI-mediated communication, it highlights how languaging is both playful and precarious. It entails creativity and resistance, while also exposing language users to inequality and surveillance, and is deeply entangled with histories of colonialism, racial hierarchies, and displacement. Concluding with the concept of pedagogical languaging, the book calls for a reimagining of education as interactional design, rather than the delivery of standardised curricula, with learning environments where diverse semiotic repertoires - linguistic, embodied, cultural, and digital - are recognised as epistemic resources rather than treated as deficits.
What does it mean to be in the world with others? To what degree is sociality a dimension of our experience? This Element explores the social aspects of our experience as shared and common, focusing on Heidegger's thought on this theme in the period surrounding the publication of Being and Time. It begins by situating Heidegger's position in contrast to alternative phenomenological conceptions of the relations between self and others. From there, it continues to address a key challenge to Heidegger's approach: the problem of Dasein's individuation. Finally, in response to this challenge, the work reframes Heidegger's conception of sociality through the prism of part-whole relations. As social, Dasein emerges as a dependent part of an unfolding shared whole, yet as part of a complex social context, it retains its relative wholeness.
PROMPT (Practical Obstetric Multi-Professional Training) is an international organisation providing training tools and resources to support multi-professional maternity teams providing care during obstetric emergencies. This is the fourth edition of the Manual, which summarises key evidence-based knowledge for a range of obstetric emergencies. Including 23 chapters covering both common or immediately life-threatening obstetric emergencies, this Manual also features wider considerations, such as civility and teamworking, that are required for safe multi-professional working in maternity care. New chapters in this edition include mental health, equity and equality, impacted fetal head, unplanned preterm birth and diabetes emergencies in pregnancy. The content is highly readable, with accessible content, frequent use of figures, tables and flow charts to present the evidence-based concepts in an easily digestible format. PROMPT is known for clear, logical and easy-to-follow algorithms and tools to be utilised in obstetric emergencies, ensuring safe and inclusive care for women and their babies.
This Element examines – for the first time in a single volume – the written evidence from the 'Far East' of the Hellenistic world (Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara). It examines how successive invaders of this region, from Persia, Greece and India, left their linguistic and textual mark. It reviews the surviving Hellenistic-period written material from archaeological sites in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan in Aramaic, Greek and Prakrit.
Partition was about minorities and their oppression – real or imagined, anticipated or remembered – which inspired a wide debate, still relevant today for the future of Northern Ireland. The partitionist assumptions – that a new nation-state required religious homogeneity and that minorities would be victimised – were rooted in historical experience and reflected contemporary political practice. This book illuminates the historical significance of religious minorities in southern Ireland at a time when the twenty-six Counties formed 'a Catholic state for a Catholic people'. Dragged into a process of nation building about which Jews and Protestants had serious reservations, they often felt like guests of an unappeasable host. Many emigrated, but those who stayed offered a critical contribution to civil society. Based on a wide range of primary sources, including recently discovered personal diaries, Eugenio F. Biagini's holistic account of the minority experience explains the role of entrenched diversity in shaping attitudes to civil rights and national identity.
Scholarly editions in print have long been central to literary studies, produced according to well-established methodologies. In recent decades, digital scholarly editions have gained prominence, with some publishers digitising existing print editions and others creating born-digital resources. The shift from print to digital demands not only new editorial approaches but also sustained attention to issues of technical and financial sustainability – key concerns for resources of reference. The challenge is not merely to replicate print editions in digital form but to transcend their limitations and fully exploit the affordances of the digital medium. This essay examines these issues by focussing on one case-study: the creation of the digital Oxford University Voltaire, launched in 2026, which builds upon the Complete Works of Voltaire (205 vols, 1968–2022). By tracing the transition from print to digital, the authors aim to highlight both the opportunities and complexities inherent in scholarly editing today.
This Element offers a critical exploration of institutional health communication in an era marked by information overload and uneven content quality. It examines how health institutions can navigate the challenges of false, misleading, and poor-quality health information while preserving public trust and scientific integrity. Drawing from disciplines such as health communication, behavioral science, media studies, and rhetoric, this Element promotes participatory models, transparent messaging, and critical health literacy. Through a series of thematic sections and practical examples, it addresses the role of science, politics, media, and digital influencers in shaping public understanding. Designed as both a conceptual guide and a strategic toolkit, this Element aims to support institutions in fostering informed, engaged, and resilient communities through communication that is clear, ethical, and responsive to the complexities of today's health discourse. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This volume gathers the contributions of founders, experts and practitioners of supergravity celebrating the 50th anniversary of its birth, discussing the history of the field and its modern applications to high energy physics, mathematics, particle physics and cosmology. Since its discovery in the mid-1970s, fully understanding its symmetries and structures, the physical implications, permitted generalizations and the connections with other theories have been highly nontrivial challenges. Whether supergravity will be proven true by experiments or it remains a mathematical framework, the theory is elegant, intriguing, rich and entertaining. Many agree that it will continue to be an inspiration and theoretical laboratory for quantum gravity, as well as an intellectual achievement that expresses the highest levels of human creativity in our effort to understand the cosmos and its rules. Current and future practitioners, and historians of science, will value both the comprehensive history and future perspectives of the field within.
How can we advance our understanding of emotion through a socio-cultural lens? How do we overcome decade-long debates on universality versus culture-specificity? This book engages with these challenges by documenting rich empirical evidence of similarity as well as cultural variation in how emotions are conceptualised, experienced, expressed, and regulated. Examples include how emotions unfold in romantic relationships and are linked to well-being and distress. With nuance and rigour, it includes diverse theoretical and methodological approaches and examples on numerous specific emotions across varied cultural contexts. The volume also explores how culture–emotion dynamics unfold in multicultural societies, shedding light on emotional acculturation, intergroup relations, and macro-level cultural change under societal threat. Bringing together leading experts worldwide, each chapter outlines promising directions for future research, inviting scholars, practitioners and students across cultural psychology, clinical science, applied linguistics, and relationship research to reimagine emotion as a culturally embedded and socially enacted phenomenon.