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How are the humanities transformed in the digital era? This book describes the reconstruction of the humanities after the largest shifts in the production of knowledge since the printing press. It addresses a wide range of disciplines, providing a history of those shifts and how humanists have responded to them. It argues that we are all digital humanists now, since we are all addressed by an era of pervasive digital research, reading, teaching, and learning. This book provides a history of digital transformations in the humanities since the first computers, defines the digital humanities through specific communities, conversations, tactics, and intersections, and poses the key questions of the field. Rather than particular technologies or tools, this Introduction centers on the lasting intellectual objects, methods, and concerns of the humanities from the late medieval period to the explosive growth of generative AI.
Joseph Whitaker is best remembered today as the originator of Whitaker's Almanack, but he was also one of the most important publishers of the nineteenth century. As editor of The Bookseller, he had a panoramic view of the book trade and studied the commercial and structural forces that shaped its activities. His journal helped readers seize the opportunities and manage the risks of the increasingly competitive business culture and tried to foster a sense of pride within the community by encouraging booksellers and publishers to work together for their collective benefit. The publication of The Reference Catalogue of Current Literature in 1874, the most comprehensive collection of books in print and available for sale, was an indispensable guide for booksellers and, together with The Bookseller, created an indispensable communication and information service that remains at the heart of the book trade today.
In the face of the everchanging and increasingly complex regulatory and socio-technical challenges posed by AI and the Internet of Things, there is an urgent need for closer collaboration between technology designers and lawyers. Accountable Design provides a timely framework for bridging disciplines to design legally accountable technologies. Proposing the new concept of Accountable Design, Lachlan David Urquhart explores how to incorporate legal values into human-centered design processes. Three novel case studies ground discussion by showcasing uses of new technologies in cities, homes, and biometric applications while exploring how to design for privacy, security, trust, and safety. The book synthesizes insights from across technology law, human-computer-interaction, design research, science and technology studies, and philosophy of technology to address the challenges of building better technological design futures for humans and society.
Why are some deeply divided societies able to craft stable constitutional regimes while others have failed and continue to be mired in endless communal conflict? This puzzle constitutes the central question this book seeks to address. This book is directed at scholars who wish to understand the riddles of constitutional performance in deeply divided societies, and those who are interested in understanding Afghanistan's troubled constitutional history. By providing the most comprehensive account of the drafting and performance of Afghanistan's 2004 constitution, the book is aimed at scholars who want to understand the nuances of the process that produced the Constitution and evaluate its performance with fresh eyes. The world is full of divided, post-conflict societies which continue to witness tragic violent conflicts. This book is thus a valuable resource for policy makers who are currently grappling with how to approach thorny problems of constitutional design and nation-building in these societies.
Off the Map challenges how international lawyers picture the world. While traditional scholarship continues to treat the 'World Map' of states as natural, this book exposes the discipline's cartographic inheritance and its growing fatigue. Drawing on critical geography, international relations, and media theory, Nikolas M. Rajkovic reveals how global authority now operates less through contiguous territories than through infrastructures, corridors, and nodes. Introducing the concept of 'juriscapes', he illuminates the legal significance of ports, data cable landings, aviation hubs, sanctions screens, and cloud regions-sites where rules bite and power circulates. He also develops the idea of pointillistic geographies, showing how law is enacted through coordinates, flows, and switches that escape the flat image of bordered states. Provocative yet accessible, Off the Map re-visualises international law for a fractured global order, equipping readers with the concepts to see where authority truly moves today.
This Element offers a general overview of the topic of extraterrestrial life – its possible existence, forms, and cultural as well as religious views on it – with particular attention to Islamic perspectives, past and present. It begins with a brief survey of the history of the debate over the plurality of the worlds as it unfolded in Christendom, followed by a concise, albeit non-technical, summary of the recent advances in the search for extrasolar planets and for life in the cosmos. The focus then shifts to the Qur'ān and hadīth as foundational sources for developing an Islamic perspective on the question of extraterrestrial life. Finally, several Islamic concepts that might require re-evaluation in light of the discovery of extraterrestrial life are presented, underscoring the urgent need for the development of an Islamic astrotheology.
Every president in the last century has launched his own strategy of federalism, and with every launch, presidents have tried to characterize their own approach as newer and better. Most of these approaches have swung like a pendulum along a continuum from centralization to decentralization. Donald Trump's version of federalism, however, has proven to be radically different, not only in its politics and administration but also in its disconnection from the themes that have long characterized the debate about American democracy, shaped by French intellectual Alexis de Tocqueville in the middle of the nineteenth century. Trump has relied on both finance and force as tools to redefine power in the intergovernmental system. That, in turn, poses enormous challenges not only for the execution of domestic policy but also for the conduct of democracy in America.
How do global firms confront the defining challenge of our era? Drawing from international business, political economy, and environmental policy, Jonas Gamso offers an integrated framework for understanding how multinational corporations manage physical, transition, liability, and reputational climate risks through strategies of adaptation, avoidance, transfer, diversification, and acceptance. Blending rigorous empirical analysis with detailed case studies of Ørsted, ExxonMobil, and Saudi Aramco, among others, he reveals how companies make strategic decisions amid accelerating climate impacts and shifting policy landscapes, while also illuminating the effects of public policy and international relations. The book provides essential insights for scholars of international relations, business, and development, as well as for policymakers and practitioners seeking to align economic competitiveness with global sustainability.
What is the nature and timeline of political change and how should its success be assessed? And why do stories matter in grassroots politics? Reading oral histories against the grain of conventional narratives, this history of grassroots activism in West Germany considers these questions in the context of that country's ''68ers.' Drawing together what are often perceived as discrete elements, such as the student and peace movements, Belinda Davis offers new understandings of political transformation, as activists sought to radically transform themselves as well as societal relations, through a politics that was profoundly personal. While recent studies have challenged the achievements of these activists, this book argues that their efforts made some forms of popular democracy mainstream, in the process redefining politics and rethinking the nature of representation, political organization, and notions of what is radical. This work contributes to a fresh take on West German politics and society in this post-fascist state, offering new understandings of where and how change takes place and how to enact it from the bottom up, with significant implications for our present.
Noun phrases (NPs) are central to effecting linguistic reference, itself fundamental to human interactions. However, little research has examined the NPs used by people with the language disability, aphasia. This Element provides detailed analyses of noun- and pronoun-headed NPs in spoken narratives by twelve people with various aphasia types/severities, exploring NP elaboration and productivity along a continuum of spoken language capability. The Element explains how some observations challenge the rule-based theory that remains influential in aphasiology, while all can be predicted by a usage-based approach. It expands the emerging subfield of Cognitive Aphasiology, with potential implications for both linguistics and speech and language therapy.
This comprehensive and up-to-date manual accompanies the third edition of Bernard Schutz's A First Course in General Relativity. It offers step-by-step guidance through more than 200 selected exercises, providing detailed solutions and explanatory comments which are cross-referenced to the relevant equations and sections in Schutz's text. The material is further extended by the inclusion of 168 supplementary problems that highlight conceptual challenges and direct readers to the most useful supporting literature. A comprehensive index and bolded keywords allow for quick navigation, while an appendix of useful results makes the book a lasting reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, instructors, and self-directed learners seeking a deeper understanding of the subject. A Mathematica notebook and tables of exercises and supplementary problems are freely available as online resources, with instructors benefiting from access to solutions to selected exercises and problems.
The year 2024 marked a century since socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti's assassination. Widely commemorated in Italy, he's often remembered within a national narrative of antifascist resistance. But how was this narrative built and how has the far right responded? This Element traces the construction and mobilisation of Matteotti's memory over the last century, analysing the role of grief in the early antifascist movement, and identifying the role memory played in bringing together Allies, partisans and political parties during the construction of the democratic Republic. Based on primary sources from international archives, it also adds a transnational lens to the study of a figure so often thought of in national terms. The Element closes by examining how far-right parties whose lineage traces back to Mussolini's regime have engaged with the afterlife of a man whose murder is an evergreen reminder of the centrality of violence to Fascism in its earliest days.
Brain maldevelopment or injury in utero can cause life-long disability. Focussing on improvements in imaging methods, therapeutics, and perinatal care that can help to identify, prevent, or treat brain problems in the fetus and newborn, this new edition brings the reader fully up to date with recent advances in clinical management and outcome assessment. Updated material includes protective strategies for pre-term and term infants, ways of promoting of brain development in the neonatal intensive care unit, resuscitation, and immediate care after resuscitation (golden hour care), and parental perspectives, particularly strategies for communicating with families. An outstanding international team of highly experienced neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine clinicians have produced a practical and authoritative clinical text offering clear management advice to all clinicians involved in the treatment of the fetus and newborn.
This Element explores the conceptual complexity of time reversal in the philosophy of physics. It aims to show that time reversal, as a symmetry transformation, should not be regarded as a mere mathematical artifice applied to physical equations. It is rather a conceptually rich and multifaceted notion, one whose meaning and implementation are shaped by a combination of metaphysical commitments and heuristic-methodological strategies. Far from being a neutral tool, the way we define and apply time reversal encodes assumptions about the nature of time itself, its relation to motion, about the role of symmetries in physical theories, and about the relation between mathematical symmetries and the world they purport to describe. Such conceptual complexity also has implication for related debates, such as that of the direction of time.
It is widely agreed by proponents of shareholder and stakeholder capitalism that firms are needed to create long-term value. While they debate whose interests this value creation should serve and how it should be measured, they rarely question the concept of value itself or whether firms should have this social role. This consensus is striking since the meaning of value is often unexplored and inadequately defined. This Element addresses that gap and challenges this consensus. It explores the nature and meaning of value, examines how value creation became the social role of firms, and asks whether firms should have this social role. It shows that the role of firms is not to create economic value for shareholders or stakeholders but to provide goods and services in ways that are consistent with social values. The analysis also offers a new, relational theory of the firm to help enable this paradigm shift.
While the politicization of ethnic identities is readily observed around the world, a generalized understanding of what makes members of a particular group more likely to coordinate their votes towards a single party or candidate remains elusive. This Element scrutinizes voting patterns at the social group level based on individual-level survey data and controlling for country-level variables across 115 countries. The findings highlight how the characteristics of ethnic groups, especially size and crosscutting patterns, interact within political institutions. Three group-level characteristics are especially influential to bloc voting – stronger geographic concentration, greater internal alignment of group members across other identity dimensions, and groups whose members are more distinctive across identity dimensions compared to the broader population. When analyzed across political institutions, the highest rates of bloc voting occur among small groups with low crosscutting in permissive settings and medium groups with low crosscutting in restrictive settings.
This comprehensive yet accessible guide to enterprise risk management for financial institutions contains all the tools needed to build and maintain an ERM framework. It discusses the internal and external contexts within which risk management must be carried out, and it covers a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques that can be used to identify, model and measure risks. This third edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect new regulations and legislation. It includes additional detail on machine learning, a new section on vine copulas, and significantly expanded information on sustainability. A range of new case studies include Theranos and FTX. Suitable as a course book or for self-study, this book forms part of the core reading for the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries' examination in enterprise risk management.
Swift rose from obscurity to become not only one of the greatest satirists in English, but also one of the most influential foreign policy writers in Europe during the early eighteenth century. Yet his extensive engagement with the international sphere – war, peace, alliances, trade, and international law – is a neglected aspect of both his literary legacy and modern international thought. This is the first comprehensive study of his international politics in theory and practice. Drawing on the work of Swift and his contemporaries, and scholarship across literature, history, politics, international relations, theology, law, and economics, Matthew Gertken vindicates Swift's self-definition as a political independent, neither Whig nor Tory, neither libertarian nor authoritarian. His international perspective rescues Swift from the critical but overdone Hobbes-Locke dichotomy and reveals him to be an ally of Aristotle and Grotius, father of international law – and a champion of right over might.
This book, which draws on Lisa Bendall's lectures over three decades, provides an engaging and accessible survey of everything students need to know to read and understand texts in Linear B. As John Chadwick noted, the Linear B scholar must be 'not just an epigraphist, not just a linguist, not just an economic historian and archaeologist; ideally he or she…must be all these things simultaneously'. Volume 1 introduces the student to the writing system and the language, especially the phonology and morphology. It also explains the formal aspects of the documents and gives guidance on the tools available to the student and scholar. Volume 2 will provide a guide to using the documents to understand the Mycenaean world.