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Policies designed to address climate change have been met with limited success. Multilateral treaties, agreements and frameworks linked to the UN and COP meetings have so far failed to limit the rise in average global temperature. Rethinking Climate Policy suggests that one of the most important reasons for this is that we are looking at the economics of climate change in the wrong way, arguing that we need to look at climate change as a problem of resource creation, not resource allocation. It identifies problems in current climate policymaking, breaking many taboos in standard economics, to offer a bold proposal for effective and achievable public policy to achieve a zero-carbon economy. Underpinned by both a sound economic and complex systems analysis, this book develops a groundbreaking metric of economic resilience to measure the capacity of economies to transform without breaking down and accordingly how to best design climate policies.
Humanity in the twenty-first century faces serious global challenges and crises, including pandemics, nuclear proliferation, violent extremism, refugee migration, and climate change. None of these calamities can be averted without robust international cooperation. Yet, national leaders often assume that because their states are sovereign under international law, they are free to opt in or out of international cooperation as they see fit. This book challenges conventional wisdom by showing that international law requires states to cooperate with one another to address matters of international concern-even in the absence of treaty-based obligations. Within the past several decades, requirements to cooperate have become firmly embedded in the international legal regimes governing oceans, transboundary rivers, disputed territories, pollution, international security, and human rights, among other topics. Whenever states address matters of common concern, international law requires that they work together as good neighbors for their mutual benefit. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Is there a human nature? Can knowledge of it help us live better lives? This book synthesises ancient and modern philosophical ideas and draws on scientific research to answer yes to both these questions. It develops an innovative normative theory on the basis of commonsensical, naturalistic, premisses; and it defends an Aristotelian normative theory -- whereby we should understand human goods as realisations or perfections of human nature -- against both traditional and emerging challenges to perfectionist ethics, including evolutionary biology and transhumanism. The result is a ground-breaking theory of 'natural perfectionism', which both returns perfectionistic ethics to its Aristotelian roots and shows how this is compatible with evolutionary biology and cognitive science. At a time when the very idea of human nature is viewed as something that can be readily transcended, this work recalls us to a realistic, sober and better-founded vision of it.
The study of smooth embeddings of 3-manifolds in 4-space has been hampered by difficulties with the simplest case, that of homology spheres. This book presents some advantages of working with locally flat embeddings. The first two chapters outline the tools used and give general results on embeddings of 3-manifolds in S4. The next two chapters consider which Seifert manifolds may embed, with criteria in terms of Seifert data. After summarizing results on those Seifert manifolds that embed smoothly, the following chapters determine which 3-manifolds with virtually solvable fundamental groups embed. The final three chapters study the complementary regions. When these have 'good' fundamental groups, topological surgery may be used to find homeomorphisms. Figures throughout help illustrate links representing embeddings and open questions are further discussed in the appendices, making this a valuable resource for graduate students and research workers in geometric topology.
Recognizing religion in global politics is neither neutral nor benign. This book reveals how recognition operates to reinforce hierarchies, reify religious difference, and deepen political divisions. Maria Birnbaum reframes religion as a historically contingent category of knowledge and governance. She shifts the question from whether religion should be recognized to how it becomes recognizable. Through the entangled imperial histories of British India and Mandate Palestine, the book traces how colonial and anti-colonial governmental logics shaped the politics of religious minorities, representation, and border-making-dynamics that continue to shape postcolonial states like Pakistan and Israel. Offering a timely critique of the epistemic assumptions underpinning global discourses on religion, sovereignty, and political order, Before Recognition challenges conventional understandings of religion in international relations. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Every day, judges determine vital questions about 'addiction', 'drugs', and the rights of those who use them. Despite the law's crucial role in handling drug 'problems', and in shaping drug practices, effects and outcomes, drug scholars have often overlooked case law. In a rapidly changing drug policy landscape, how is the law managing drug effects and harms, stigma, addiction, agency and responsibility? Why do we regulate drugs? Are drug offenders responsible for their actions? Is drug use a disability? Is drug treatment a human right? Do drugs cause harm? And might drug law itself be harmful? Authors in this volume take a variety of approaches to these questions and more. Drawing on critical theory, all consider new ways of thinking about 'drug problems'. This vital new collection enables a deeper, critical understanding of how the law 'works' to shape knowledge about, as well as 'judge', drug use and its effects.
Written in an engaging, accessible style, the third edition has been extensively updated to include the most recent round of international censuses, emerging trends, and new chapters on epidemics, the labor force and expanded empirical discussions of race/ethnicity and sexual orientation, sex structure and gender identity. Featuring plentiful recent examples and data from the US, Europe, Asia, and Africa, it explains the demographic processes of fertility, mortality, and migration, elucidating how these concepts can be applied to understand topics such as contraception and birth control, pandemics, and public immigration policy. Introducing students to the major sources and applications of demographic data, it demonstrates how demography forms a useful lens for understanding many aspects of society, including our most pressing global challenges. A comprehensive instructor manual, chapter outline PowerPoints, and figures and tables from the book are available.
Popular music and football rank among the most globally widespread and culturally significant practices in contemporary society. While neither defines the other, their intersections reveal a rich site of musical interaction. This Element investigates how and why popular music and football interact within the context of elite-level national league matches. Grounded in observations from several European case matches over the past decade, the Element examines these interactions as they unfold in stadium environments, focusing on three primary modes: intra-type music interactions, inter-type music interactions, and music–match interactions. In doing so, it engages with one of the most pervasive, multi-layered, and contested arenas for the distribution and significance of popular music in everyday life. Particular attention is given to emotionally charged, identity-infused mega-performances by musical amateurs – many of whom may be otherwise musically inactive and overlooked but embrace the stadium as a space for emotional release and collective expression.
This Element discusses the figure of the cantora – or woman music poet – and the development of her artistic activity in a context of post-colonial paradigms in Chilean and Latin American societies. Through a historical overview of this multifaceted concept, alongside gender construction in colonial Latin America, this Element offers insights on how the figure of the cantora developed in the confluence between discrimination against festive popular culture and the restrictions imposed on women in a context of an inherited patriarchal order. Moreover, it examines the embodiment of the cantora archetype within the contemporary urban folkloric scene in Chile as a performative exercise of identity construction that is framed in a process of cultural resistance. Revealing how contemporary cantoras are continuing the legacy of their predecessors has become especially relevant at the time of writing in 2020–22, amidst a wave of political protests against long-standing social disparities in Chile.
This is a study of the financial system that sustained the sixteenth-century empire of Philip II of Spain. Detailing the links between royal revenue sources, trade fairs, credit market, long-term debt, and contracts with Genoese bankers, it reveals how Philip's financial and military strategy complemented each other. Central to the narrative is Philip's struggle with the Cortes, which, under Castile's implicit constitution, imposed limits on public debt, forcing repeated renegotiations as military expenses and debt escalated. In this first analytical study of Philip's financial policies, Carlos Álvarez-Nogal and Christophe Chamley draw on extensive archival research and secondary sources to show that Philip's main challenge was not the bankers but the Cortes. He used temporary payment suspensions and financial crises as tools to pressure the Cortes for additional taxation. The book highlights the interplay between debt, political power, and state formation in early modern Europe.
Investigates the 2016 installation of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe language) toponym signs throughout the White Earth Reservation, reflecting an ongoing tradition of Ojibwe linguistic preservation rooted in environmental knowledge of waters. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with White Earth citizens, descendants, and personnel, this work addresses how these public markers make Anishinaabemowin visible in the world for Ojibwe youth and other White Earth Anishinaabeg, while marking the reservation as an Ojibwe space. These place name signs, along with youth language programs, intervene in the legacy of imposed language loss of Anishinaabemowin on the White Earth Reservation caused by mission, day, and boarding schools. Examines Ojibwe people's intergenerational efforts to document place names, responses to these signs, and how they relate to toponymic authority and spatial belonging. Focuses on historic and contemporary stories of Ojibwe geographic relationships grounded in fishing, hunting, ricing, and gathering within and surrounding Gaa-waabaabiganikaag. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Previously published as Emergency Medicine Oral Board Review Illustrated, this fully revised third edition is a trusted, case-based resource for emergency medicine residents. Updated with the latest clinical practices and AHA guidelines, the book features 128 cases derived from the Model of Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. It offers a highly interactive approach to preparing for the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) Certifying Exam, while also serving as an excellent introduction to the specialty. This edition incorporates new content on resuscitation, medical decision-making, therapeutics, diagnostics, and emerging technologies. Special emphasis is placed on interpretation of EKGs, X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasounds to build visual diagnostic skills essential for modern EM practice. Reflecting the evolving ABEM exam structure, including case-based and structured interview formats, this edition is an indispensable tool for residents seeking to reinforce core clinical reasoning, master critical actions, and succeed on board exams.
Psychological Network Analysis (PNA) has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the complex interplay of constructs in developmental and educational sciences. Unlike traditional models that assume relationships among variables arise from latent factors, PNA conceptualizes them as dynamic systems of interacting components. This tutorial introduces PNA's theoretical foundations, key concepts (e.g., nodes, edges, network structures), and its methodological applications using cross-sectional, longitudinal, intensive, and cohort data. Through step-by-step guidance and real-world examples, we illustrate how PNA can capture developmental changes, reveal causal structures using Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), and support developmental and educational research. Special emphasis is given to practical implementation using R, including network estimation, accuracy testing, and visualization. By equipping researchers with the necessary tools to construct and interpret psychological networks, this chapter provides a comprehensive framework for leveraging PNA to explore the multifaceted relationships shaping learning, motivation, and social-emotional development.
This Element introduces a new conceptualization of policy experiments. Beyond their mainstream understanding as randomized trials, policy experiments are seen as speculative instances for testing innovative policy instruments to address public concerns. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies, this conception of policy experiments comprises four interrelated processes. First, there is an encounter with a charismatic foreign policy instrument, generating imaginaries of future success. Second, a local issue is problematized, presenting the instrument as its ultimate solution. Third, an experimental mesocosm is assembled to test this problematization empirically. Finally, evaluations of this test are conducted, usually leading to further experiments. The book exemplifies these processes with case studies from Chile, a world leader in policy experimentation in the last decades. The ongoing troubles of public governance worldwide prompt us to conclude by arguing for careful modes of policy experimentation, more tentative, ethical, and inclusive forms of acting in our fragile worlds.
This Element examines the origins, development, and prospects of forensic linguistics in Indonesia, drawing on a survey of 53 participants and a systematic review of studies from 2011 to 2023. Emerging from early language-related cases in the Old Order era and initially driven by scholars trained abroad, the field has grown through research, collaboration, and academic integration. Key topics include justice sector needs, linguistic diversity, standardization, and institutional strengthening. Despite limited capacity-building, training initiatives have enhanced the field's visibility. The Element outlines challenges and opportunities for advancing forensic linguistics' role in legal reform and fair justice, making it a valuable reference for scholars and practitioners.
Across the early modern Atlantic world, there were commodities just as valuable as sugar, tobacco or cotton: news and information. However, crossing an ocean beset by wars, pirates and bad weather made transoceanic communications irregular at best, posing significant challenges to the weekly European news cycle. With infrequent access to information, publishers had to navigate between speculation and confirmation, printing everything they could without losing credibility or customers. Michiel van Groesen explores this 'culture of anticipation' across the Atlantic world in Spain, Portugal, France, the Low Countries and England and also in the urban information centres of Renaissance Italy and the Holy Roman Empire. He argues that news from the Atlantic world underpinned all transatlantic exchanges, giving newspapers their rightful place in Atlantic history, and the Atlantic world its place in the history of news.
Pointing is a fundamental gesture that connects individuals with their social and physical worlds. Whether communicating information about the external environment or serving to clarify to whom or what someone is referring, pointing may appear to be a uniquely human and universal action. However, it develops in varied social and cultural contexts, and even some nonhuman species point and can understand pointing cues. While there has been substantial research on the cultural, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of pointing, these perspectives remain fragmented. This book bridges this gap by bringing together leading scholars from cognitive psychology, evolutionary anthropology and biology, animal behavior, developmental psychology, and comparative psychology to synthesize current findings, highlight emerging directions, and provide students and researchers with a comprehensive view of the field.
Until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, America did not want war, with the 1930s marked by strong isolationism and an emphasis on defense. However, in December 1941, it wasn't defensive aircraft the Army Air Corps had been steadily procuring, but offensive long-range heavy bombers, whilst US pursuit planes were decidedly inferior to their European counterparts. In this new history of the development of American air power, Phillip Meilinger dispels the notion that young air zealots pushed for a bomber-heavy force, revealing instead the technological, economic and bureaucratic forces which shaped the air force. He examines the role of scientists and engineers, developments in commercial aviation, and conflicting priorities of the Army and Air Corps, as well as how these were in turn influenced by America's political leaders. Building an Air Force is essential for understanding a conflict in which whoever controlled the skies controlled the land and seas beneath.
This Element investigates the challenges and possibilities of writing histories of trauma. Interpreting trauma as not only an event but also as an analytical framework and an apparatus for working on suffering, it explores how the historiography of trauma intersects with pressing matters of postcolonialism, historical subjectivity, and modernity. It is designed to illuminate the pressing theoretical matters that histories of trauma touch upon, whether explicitly or implicitly. Drawing from histories of trauma as well as foundational theoretical work in literary studies and memory studies, it argues that thinking traumatic histories requires a commitment on the part of historians to theoretical self-reflexivity, to querying not just the past or the archive for the traces of trauma, but the concept itself in its historical and historiographical modulations.
This Element proposes the concept of Philippine Englishes-in-motion as an alternative approach to understanding Philippine Englishes. It situates this proposition within the concerns of mobility, labor migration, multilingualism, and transnationalism. Drawing on analyses of self-recorded conversations by 18 Filipino migrants in Japan, along with other empirical data, this Element illuminates the processes of linguistic selection, as Filipino migrants selectively draw from, adapt, or reject specific features within the multilingual pool they share with others. It also examines the social positions that Filipino migrants navigate as they use their linguistic resources across various spaces within Japanese society, as well as the extra-territorial and intra-territorial factors that facilitate the entry and diffusion of Philippine Englishes in Japan. This Element concludes by suggesting avenues of inquiry concerning identity, linguistic variation, education and language acquisition, and more.