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Protection at the Margins is a ground-breaking account of how and why religious actors protect local communities from state-driven populist violence. Focusing on Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte's notorious 'Drug War,' the book provides an intricate view of how religion, populism, and political violence interact on the ground. Drawing on original surveys of Catholic clergy, experiments with members of the Philippine National Police, spatial data on thousands of drug killings, and dozens of field interviews in these neighborhoods, the book shows how Catholic elites used moral commitment and institutional capacity to influence street-level bureaucrats with discretion over violence, work with secular partners, and challenge populist dehumanization. It also highlights obstacles to protection, in the Philippines as well as Brazil and the United States. Amidst rising global concern about populism and violence, Protection at the Margins generates new insights into how religious actors shielded communities in one of the world's largest mega-cities.
This captivating book chronicles the three-year action research journey of a literacy teacher educator, showcasing the development, refinement, and progress of his teaching practices. Central to the book is a comprehensive examination of various literacy teaching strategies, including the genre-process approach, the integration of reading and writing, and the big idea framework. Additionally, this book delves into the process of literacy teacher development, examining the efficacy of different practical initiatives, such as the approach of lesson study and the explicit teaching of teacher reflection. The book further features the critical and rigorous self-evaluation that the author conducts across both cognitive and socio-affective realms through action research, highlighting its power for language teacher educators' continuing professional development. Equipping the reader with conceptual insights and practical tools to enhance teaching strategies and student engagement, it is essential reading for literacy teachers and teacher educators in L2 contexts.
Legal professionals in the United States increasingly have relied on dictionaries, both current and historical, in court cases. This practice is complicated because originalist jurists are often not well-versed in lexicographical principles that would provide a fuller view of historical reasoning. This Element first contextualizes several issues in early English dictionaries and eighteenth-century language that illustrate how using dictionaries from the Founding Era in questions of law can be problematic: the Element provides examples of words changing over time, explains methodology of devising and borrowing in definitions, details who the readers of such dictionaries were, and more. The Element then excerpts John Mikhail's essential article written in response to the court case CREW vs Trump to show how lexicographical methods and linguistic textual evidence can be better used in legal cases and analysis by triangulating meaning and identifying a prototypical definition.
Enslaved New World illuminates sixteenth-century Santo Domingo as the site of the Americas' earliest plantation and slave society and the first place where slavery became limited to people of African descent. Yet Santo Domingo was also home, Turits shows, to widespread continual flight from bondage and an ecology providing escapees with relatively easy refuge. This transformed the colony into a land in which predominantly self-emancipated Black people became the largest population group by the late seventeenth century, 150 years before slavery's abolition. Afterwards, slavery and legal racial hierarchy persisted, but the White elite often remained too poor and weak to overcome resistance and competing constructs of status and color emerged. By focusing on Santo Domingo's understudied African-descended majority population within novel frameworks, Turits opens up new understandings of Dominican history, slavery's racialization, race and racism's historical contingency, and an extraordinarily successful Afro-American trajectory of resistance.
This book examines how European Union (EU) law regulates unhealthy lifestyles, focusing on the consumption of tobacco, alcoholic beverages and foods of poor nutritional quality. The first part of the book clarifies the EU's competences in this field and the content of its policy. It also outlines the main regulatory tools adopted in relation to each of the risk factors covered, such as product bans, labelling requirements or advertising restrictions. The second part of the book explores the fundamental tension between the commodification of these lifestyles and the pursuit of health policy objectives. It addresses two central questions: How does EU law reconcile the goal of creating a market for unhealthy products with that of reducing or eliminating their consumption? And how does EU law balance market uniformity with the diversity and scientific uncertainty inherent in lifestyle practices?
Who has a legitimate claim to wisdom? Emily Hulme argues that Plato's response to this question was shaped by the concept of technē (art, craft, expertise, profession) and that he developed the notion of philosophy as a genuine profession in the dialogues against the rival claims of practices like sophistry The first part of the book concerns technē in general, drawing on literary, epigraphic, and art historical evidence to discuss this concept in Greek thought and culture and explaining the position of this term in Plato's epistemological vocabulary. The second part offers close readings of a handful of key dialogues: philosophy defined against sophistry in Euthydemus, Hippias Minor, Protagoras, and Gorgias; the profession of philosopher-rulers in the Republic; and philosophy versus politics in the Sophist and Statesman
Interest in the relationship between Paul's letter openings and Koine Greek letter-writing conventions has been steady for over a century, but little new data has emerged in recent years. In this study, Gillian Asquith offers a fresh perspective on Paul's epistolary practice by adopting a multidisciplinary method that synthesises sociolinguistics and lexicography. Comparing the language of Paul's letter openings with the register of language in documentary papyri, she demonstrates that high-register language in Koine Greek epistolary formulae contributes to warm and friendly relations between correspondents. Asquith argues that Paul creatively modifies epistolary norms by using unexpected, high-register language in the remembrance motif and litotic disclosure formula. Such usage, she posits, emphatically reassures Paul's recipients of his pastoral concern for them and heightens the persuasive force of his letters. Asquith's nuanced analysis contributes valuable new data to long-running debates around Paul's practice of prayer and the structure of his letters.
Why do some societies embrace religious diversity while others struggle with exclusion? Faith and Friendship reveals how the friendships we form—and those we avoid—shape interfaith attitudes across the Muslim world. Drawing on large-scale surveys from Indonesia and beyond, the book shows that religiously homogeneous friendships can unintentionally nurture stereotypes and social divides. Introducing the Boundaries, Opportunities, and Willingness (BOW) Framework, the book explains how state policies, civic spaces, and personal choices combine to determine whether people connect across faith lines. Blending rigorous research with vivid human stories, Faith and Friendship offers a new way to understand the roles of religion and social networks in everyday life and provides insights for anyone seeking to bridge interfaith divides.
Nomads were a frequent fixture in the ancient landscapes of Northeast Africa and the Nile basin. Maligned by ancient riverine cultures and ignored by many historians, the nomads of ancient Egypt and Nubia comprise diverse groups of people for whom the desert was their home and herding was a way of life. This Element traces the lives of different ancient nomadic groups across Egypt and Sudan, from the Medjay to the Libyans, from Blemmyes to Saracens. Sketching out approaches from texts and archaeology, this synthesis explores issues related to nomads' mobility, social organisation and their complex relationship with urban states. This Element demonstrates that a holistic picture of ancient Northeast Africa and the states of Egypt and Nubia requires a proper appraisal of nomads and their society.
The material and visual culture of late precolonial Andean societies-especially the Inka Empire-looked radically different from their predecessors. For millennia, the iconography of the ancient Andes was dominated by warriors, sacrificial rites, apex predators and chimerical beings whose bodies were amalgamations of multiple human and animal species. Yet by AD 1000, these images had almost entirely vanished. This study offers the first ever analysis of these dramatic transformations. Far more than simply a change of aesthetic preferences, or even a shift in ideology, it posits a series of metaphysical revolutions in which Andean sociality was fundamentally altered. The basis of personhood, the creation of value and the nature of political power itself all came to be refigured in far-reaching ways. Specifically, a once-dominant metaphysics focused on the predatory extraction of vitality from enemies disappeared, to be replaced by one grounded in reciprocal exchanges between human and nonhuman beings.
This volume explores the interrelations between emotions, embodiment, and vulnerability through a phenomenological perspective. Scholars of philosophy, psychology, and psychiatry investigate how the fragilities of embodied existence shape emotions, how these vulnerabilities become visible in psychopathological conditions, and how they figure in therapeutic contexts. A central theme is that emotions can be understood as experiences lived through and enacted – not merely endured – showing them as fundamental to human selfhood and agency. Integrating phenomenological analyses with clinical insights, the text illuminates fluid boundaries between ordinary and pathological emotional experience. Across twenty-one chapters contributed by established researchers, this book builds a framework for understanding how emotions reveal and modulate human vulnerability.
Clinicians and consumers have long been interested in using purpose-built chatbots to provide mental health support. Specifically designed therapy chatbots are now available direct-to-consumer, even though researchers have yet to establish their efficacy, safety and viability. However, whatever their clinical merits or limitations, the role for specialised therapy chatbots has been overshadowed by the increasing number of people using AI companions and general-purpose generative AI for mental health support. Reports have implicated these offerings in instances of user self-harm, prompting calls for more robust regulation across the entire field. This Element examines the opportunities, risks and legal landscape of AI for direct-to-consumer mental health support and considers a response of distributed regulatory networks. This approach abandons any pretence of a single body of law providing an effective and palatable response for concerns raised by therapy chatbots and the challenges posed by evolving technologies operating in sensitive domains.
East Asian voices have long been marginalised in Western literature, though recent global waves of East Asian popular culture have begun to shift the landscape. Among the newest entrants to this global phenomenon are children's picture books - an emerging yet potent force with unparalleled potential for long-term impact. Despite their limited visibility in publishing, picture books are central to early education and childhood wellbeing, shaping future generations. As such, East Asian picture books represent a doubly marginalised field that has been largely overlooked. This timely and essential Element addresses that gap. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset independent of publisher self-reporting, it offers both a historical overview of East Asian representation spanning more than a century and in-depth case studies, providing a ground-breaking account of this overlooked but increasingly influential domain.
Intentionality is a key constituent of human action in a world of pervasive uncertainty and provisional knowledge. Intentionality provides meaning to the action plans of the agents that interact within a socioeconomic system. Social interaction produces orders that, although more than the sum of individual actions, acquire direction imprinted by the intentional content and structure of the courses of action of the individuals and organizations that interact within the system. Although many of the consequences of interaction may be unintended and even opposite to agents' intentions, the evolution of the system is not entirely blind. Explaining why and how this can be so is the purpose of this Element.
The demise of the 'racial reckoning' that followed George Floyd's death in 2020 occurred without definition, scrutiny or attempts to revive it. In this compelling new book, David Dante Troutt explores the 'what,' 'so what' and 'now what' of this period when much of the US sidelined the pandemic to confront racial inequality. It details how a rare focus on embedded racism shifted toward awareness, leaving deep disparities in wealth, health and policing unaddressed, and how this was overpowered by an enduring conservative backlash. Troutt unpacks how legal doctrine favored colorblindness over inequality, and examines government policies that created segregated zones of racial bargaining in health and wealth. The book also exposes deterrence-proof policing rules and explains the problems and promises of DEI. Reckoning the Racial Reckoning argues that democratic struggles over local resources are essential for creating justice and well-being for Black American communities, and ultimately for all Americans.
How can antisemitism persist in a social democracy that prides itself on justice and equality? In this book, Torkel Brekke provides a historical analysis and interpretation of how far-left anti-Zionism entered the political mainstream, using Norway as a case study. Drawing on antisemitic rhetoric and symbols shaped during the Cold War, the far left and the Palestine movement gradually influenced the core institutions of Norway's social democracy, especially the trade unions. While the 1990s brought hope for a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the darker global political climate after 2000 saw antisemitism reemerge in new, dangerous, and worldwide forms, even without support from the former Communist Bloc. By examining contested concepts and historical connections, Brekke's book offers a diagnosis of one of the defining political controversies of our time. It provides the conceptual tools that enable insights into current debates about antisemitism and Israel.
In recent years, the United States has witnessed a resurgence in mainstream acceptance of overt, racist rhetoric from politicians. This increased tolerance arises despite previous evidence suggesting that white Americans reject racist appeals when they are explicit. Destabilized examines this shift and points to a perception of threat to white dominance as the root cause. The book finds that when white Americans feel their dominance in the racial hierarchy is unstable, their prejudice activates, and they seek to 'restabilize' the racial hierarchy by accepting negative, explicit racial appeals. Analyses of survey experiments, observational survey data, and political media demonstrate this phenomenon. Finding that this link exists among both white Republicans and white Democrats, Destabilized speaks broadly to the nature of whiteness as a racial identity rooted in the desire for dominance.
Over two million bureaucrats serve in the US federal government under various employment contracts. Minju Kim's Taming the Careerists asks how the design of those contracts – specifically, the features that strengthen or weaken job protections – shapes the behavior of bureaucrats and, in turn, American foreign policy. While past studies identify tools that help the president control the bureaucracy, Kim demonstrates that the president can additionally control the behavior of bureaucrats by weakening job protections, which makes bureaucrats more accountable to presidential preferences. The book shows that bureaucrats adjust how they implement policy based on the structure of their job protections, and that weakening these protections can unintentionally disrupt the stability of foreign economic policy. Drawing on administrative data, policy memos, interviews, and computational text analysis, Kim reveals the trade-off between accountability and stability, shedding light on the personnel management rules that quietly sustain the daily work of America's foreign policy bureaucracy.
PROMPT (Practical Obstetric Multi-Professional Training) is an international organisation providing training tools and resources to support multi-professional maternity teams providing care during obstetric emergencies. This is the fourth edition of the Manual, which summarises key evidence-based knowledge for a range of obstetric emergencies. Including 23 chapters covering both common or immediately life-threatening obstetric emergencies, this Manual also features wider considerations, such as civility and teamworking, that are required for safe multi-professional working in maternity care. New chapters in this edition include mental health, equity and equality, impacted fetal head, unplanned preterm birth and diabetes emergencies in pregnancy. The content is highly readable, with accessible content, frequent use of figures, tables and flow charts to present the evidence-based concepts in an easily digestible format. PROMPT is known for clear, logical and easy-to-follow algorithms and tools to be utilised in obstetric emergencies, ensuring safe and inclusive care for women and their babies.
Musa Sadr was a leading force in Lebanese politics from the early 1960s until his disappearance in Libya in 1978. Like now, this was a time of turmoil, violence, and change in the Middle East. Sadr has been portrayed as primarily a charismatic man of action whose inspirational qualities led Lebanon's Shia Muslims to the centre of the political stage. This book also reflects his position as a thinker whose actions were firmly rooted in universal ethical and religious values, and for whom Islam was social philosophy as well as faith. With twelve texts taken from lectures or talks given by Sadr between 1966-1977, an introduction, and a chronology of Sadr's life, the book situates Sadr within currents of humanist intellectual thought. Detailed contextualising footnotes accompany the translations, highlighting the enduring relevance and topicality of Sadr's ideas.