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This book explores the seminal importance of the first UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 – the Stockholm Conference – for the development of international environmental law. By bringing together world leading experts from academia and legal practice, the book charts the development of international environmental law in the 50 years since 1972 in the areas of nature and biodiversity, chemicals and waste, oceans and water, and atmosphere and climate, and with respect to structures and institutions, consumption and production, and human rights and participatory rights in environmental matters. It analyses how the ideas and concepts of the Stockholm Conference have influenced this development and explores the novel ideas that have emerged since then. It describes the approaches of the developed and developing countries in this process and the relationship between international environmental law and other areas of law, such as the law of the sea and international economic law.
Fictions of Freedom emerges from the fact of anti-trafficking interventions having led to newer forms of oppressions and entanglements of bureaucracy. Situating the lives of sex workers and daily-wage earning labourers through a multi-sited ethnography in India, this book opens up an examination of the rescue industry, modern slavery, and how the lived reality of the workers is crowded with sociopolitical unfairness, individual and state-sponsored violence, informal debt, gender and caste-based hierarchies, and limited livelihood options. It aims to offer a critical lens into the practices, modalities, and contestations through which freedom is lived and asserted in a postcolonial nation. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Attunement to Others explores how contemporary Indian fiction engages with the crises of the Anthropocene through narrative practices of relationality and care. Reading the works of Arundhati Roy, Nilanjana Roy, Amitav Ghosh, Vandana Singh, Avinuo Kire, and Janice Pariat, Amit R. Baishya shows how these texts register the Anthropocene not as a singular rupture, but as a 'polycrisis' marked by ecological, political, and affective entanglements. Drawing on postcolonial ecocriticism, affect theory, and the environmental humanities, the book examines how acts of attunement-moments of listening to and sensing nonhuman others—shape ethical imaginaries and alternative ways of being. Rather than offering escapist or utopian visions, these fictions reveal how attunement emerges through grounded, affective practices of cohabitation, survival, and resistance on a damaged planet. In doing so, Attunement to Others contributes to interdisciplinary conversations on literary form, planetary crisis, and the nonhuman turn in postcolonial studies.
Follower ties play a major role in many social media platforms, representing users' choices on what content to pay attention to. This Element examines the role of geography and similarity by gender, age, race, and partisanship with respect to attention in social media by studying the follower ties among 1.1 million Twitter accounts matched to U.S. voter records. We find that geographic proximity is the dominant predictor of follower ties, and that demographic similarity by age and race/ethnicity are quite important. Surprisingly, given the prominence of political polarization in the contemporary US, partisanship plays a relatively minor role. In addition, our results indicate that the tendency to follow nearby users leads to following users of the same race/ethnicity and partisanship. Our findings highlight the enduring significance of physical geography in virtual spaces and that political preference is not a dominant determinant of online attention in social media.
Donald Trump saw the federal bureaucracy as the breeding ground of the 'deep state,' a powerful, unresponsive collection of bureaucratic experts determined to undermine the policies for which he was convinced he had a mandate. He translated that into a furious assault on the basic principles of both the theory and practice of public administration. One of the points of his genius was his incomparable skill in identifying issues that resonated with voters, and his attacks on public administration identified unarguable problems. But those attacks also eroded government's capacity to get work done and the strategies for accountability that had carefully grown since the founders wrote the Constitution. Transforming administration into instruments of political symbols and political power undermined the basic values of public administration – and created fundamental challenges to which the field must rise in charting a public administration for 2035 and beyond.
The study of magnetism has driven progress in experimental science for centuries, and demonstrates how ground-breaking theoretical advances can be translated directly into essential, transformative technology. Now in an expanded second edition, this popular textbook provides comprehensive coverage of the theory and practical applications of magnetism and magnetic materials. The text has been updated throughout to address significant developments from the last decade, including new theoretical insights, advanced experimental probes, and thin film technology. A new chapter covers the important topic of transverse magnetotransport and effects of topology. The book is extensively illustrated with over 700 figures conveying important experimental data, concepts and applications, and each self-contained chapter concludes with a summary section, a list of further reading and a set of exercises. The text contains a wealth of useful information that will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in physics, materials science and engineering.
This Element traces the evolution of honkaku (orthodox) detective fiction in Japan, examining how a Western-derived puzzle genre was adapted, contested, and transformed within Japan's twentieth-century cultural climate. It begins with the genre's prewar formation, focusing on Edogawa Rampo's shift from a faithful practitioner of honkaku to a representative figure of Japan's henkaku (unorthodox) mode. The second section analyzes the postwar honkaku movement, demonstrating how Seishi Yokomizo and Seichō Matsumoto revitalized the genre while revealing the limits of the classical puzzle model. The final section turns to the New Orthodox School of the 1990s, whose writers pushed honkaku to its limits by reworking narrative structures and subverting genre conventions. By foregrounding debates surrounding honkaku, this Element theorizes detective fiction as a historically contingent system of formal constraints and cultural negotiations, positioning modern Japanese literature as a crucial site for rethinking genre, narrative logic, and the global circulation of literary forms.
This Element centers the 'Black Pacific' as a generative site for comparative and intersectional methodologies and transnational frameworks for thinking about racial formations, post-national literary forms, and cultural histories. At the end of the nineteenth century, US overseas expansion into the Pacific brought white supremacy and colonial rule into alignment. It also threw into greater relief the contradictions of US citizenship and national identity as legalized segregation and rising anti-Black violence foreclosed Reconstruction's possibilities. Race accrued dynamic new meanings in the age of new imperialism. Focusing on the earliest of African American literary magazines, the Boston-based Colored American Magazine (1900–09) and its southern rival, the Atlanta-based Voice of the Negro (1904–7), this Element examines the formative role of magazine and periodical writings in the development of early Black transpacific internationalism.
The story of American literature and empire goes beyond the broad historical periodization of empire to reimagine that history. The central terms American and literature have always been tied up in US empire as well as other empires in the Americas. The word 'America,' itself the product of inter-imperial intellectual rivalry, claims the name of an entire hemisphere for one country therein. To understand the full history of American literature and empire is to recognize its deep, strategically obscure, and often disavowed imperial contexts that in turn require differentially transatlantic, hemispheric, and global frameworks of analysis. This collection thus takes a sceptical stance toward its own geographical referent. Literature has a long and continuing imperial history as empire's proxy. These essays cover canonical authors such as Cooper, Melville, Whitman, and Baldwin as well as lesser-known writers, including emergent artists focused on world-making with a reparative, speculative attention to the future.
Why do development projects so often fail to deliver progress, yet succeed in strengthening states? Central Margins answers this question by exposing the paradox at the heart of development: economic failure masking political success. Through vivid ethnography and deep archival research, the book shows how Sri Lanka's ambitious programmes – most notably the World Bank–funded Mahaweli Development Scheme – collapsed as projects of prosperity but triumphed as tools of militarisation, demographic engineering, and state consolidation. Introducing the concept of 'hidden state transcripts', it reveals how governments project images of benevolent development while embedding surveillance, displacement, and majoritarian nationalism in everyday life. By analysing state power from the contested margins of the Sinhala-Buddhist state, Central Margins demonstrates how postcolonial regimes weaponise development and environmental governance to remake sovereignty. This original account speaks not only to scholars of South Asia, but to anyone interested in how development reshapes power and politics across the Global South.This title is Open Access.
This book is an attempt at highlighting the intellectual and cultural history of British imperial knowledge production in late-nineteenth-century India, examined through the life and writings of William Wilson Hunter (1840–1900). Tracing Hunter's role as an imperial bureaucrat, historian, and publicist, the book explores how his works sought to shape colonial governance through structured information systems and a rhetoric of 'improvement'; an intellectual enterprise that drew the interests of contemporary stalwarts across the continents, such as Rabindranath Tagore and Charles Darwin. It also examines how Bengali intellectuals, such as Rabindranath Tagore, Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and others engaged with and contested Hunter's ideas, opening up new directions in nationalist thought and historiography. It strives to offer a new outlook on the mutual entanglements of empire and knowledge, and the political life of texts in colonial Bengal.
In the classical law of nations there was a doctrine of civil war. This book sets out to recover the forgotten legal tradition that shaped the modern world from 1575-1975. The result is an autonomous reassessment of four hundred years of the law of insurgencies and revolutions, both in state practice and in legal scholarship. Its journey through centuries of rebellion and the rule of law touches some of the most basic questions of international law across ages. What does it mean to stand among the nations of the world? Who should be welcomed among the subjects of international law, who should not, and who should decide? Its findings not only help make the classical doctrine understandable again, but also offer potential new insights for present-day lawyers about the origins, aspirations and vulnerabilities of the legal tradition with which they work today.
This Element's contribution explores the historiography of madness in the Modern era, including landmark publications in the overlapping fields of the history of psychiatry and the history of lunatic asylums. As this examination of almost 200 academic works will demonstrate, the field is vast and highly contested, with researchers sometimes disagreeing about the basic terms of analysis. Nevertheless, from Foucault to Fanon, from Goffman to Gilman, these debates about social and medical responses to madness have inspired some of the most influential academic scholarship of the twentieth century. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Generative AI is becoming an integral part of children's lives, ranging from voice assistants and social robots to AI-generated storybooks. As children increasingly interact with these technologies, it is essential to consider their implications for developmental outcomes. This Element examines these implications across three interconnected domains: interaction, perception, and learning. A recurring theme across these domains is that children's engagement with AI both parallels and diverges from their engagement with humans, positioning AI as a distinct yet potentially complementary source of experience, enrichment, and knowledge. Ultimately, the Element advances a framework for understanding the complex interplay among technology, children, and the social contexts that shape their development.
The scientific study of consciousness features a vast array of conflicting theories, but cross-disciplinary exchange between researchers from different camps is not always prevalent. This book seeks to address these complexities by providing a thorough introduction to the field while remaining accessible to those new to the topic. By exploring empirical methods, surveying a variety of competing theories, and outlining challenges for current approaches, it equips readers with the tools to evaluate existing theories. It also showcases contributions from the originators and leading proponents of today's most influential theories, providing unparalleled depth and clarity into diverse theoretical perspectives. Offering a thorough overview of scientific consciousness studies, this book presents new perspectives on a topic that has long puzzled scientists and philosophers alike.