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The role of conscience in healthcare decision-making is explored in this important intervention in the fields of Health Law and Ethics, Medicine, Nursing and Philosophy. It takes a broad approach to conscience, looking beyond the standard examples of conscientious objection to argue that conscience permeates healthcare decisions. However, it also shows that not all decisions of conscience are worthy of legal or societal protection and that these are interests to be weighed rather than rights. Instead, conscience should be protected only when the individual exercising conscience abides by specific responsibilities. Additionally, the book explores the important issues of complicity with healthcare decisions and institutional or organisational conscience and argues they play an oversized role in general discussions of conscience. It further claims that we ought to pay much more attention to conscientious provision. The book concludes by looking at ways to more effectively regulate claims of conscience.
Build a firm foundation for studying statistical modelling, data science, and machine learning with this practical introduction to statistics, written with chemical engineers in mind. It introduces a data–model–decision approach to applying statistical methods to real-world chemical engineering challenges, establishes links between statistics, probability, linear algebra, calculus, and optimization, and covers classical and modern topics such as uncertainty quantification, risk modelling, and decision-making under uncertainty. Over 100 worked examples using Matlab and Python demonstrate how to apply theory to practice, with over 70 end-of-chapter problems to reinforce student learning, and key topics are introduced using a modular structure, which supports learning at a range of paces and levels. Requiring only a basic understanding of calculus and linear algebra, this textbook is the ideal introduction for undergraduate students in chemical engineering, and a valuable preparatory text for advanced courses in data science and machine learning with chemical engineering applications.
On his death in 1753, Hans Sloane's collection of books and manuscripts was estimated at 50,000 volumes, and, combined with his collected objects, would become the founding core of the British Library and British Museum. Delving into the particular history of this remarkable collection, Alice Wickenden asks wide-reaching questions about archival practices and knowledge production, showing how books function both as and alongside objects. Hers is the first book to bring the theoretical questions and methodologies arising from material culture and book history alongside a full-length study of the founding book collection of the British Library. Each carefully-selected case study raises questions that, though seemingly playful, strike at the heart of past and present practices of collecting and knowledge production: how might books of dried plants be books? Is something a book if nobody can read it? Why collect duplicates? And how, after all, do we actually define a library?
Everywhere one looks, one finds dynamic interacting systems: entities expressing and receiving signals between each other and acting and evolving accordingly over time. In this book, the authors give a new syntax for modeling such systems, describing a mathematical theory of interfaces and the way they connect. The discussion is guided by a rich mathematical structure called the category of polynomial functors. The authors synthesize current knowledge to provide a grounded introduction to the material, starting with set theory and building up to specific cases of category-theoretic concepts such as limits, adjunctions, monoidal products, closures, comonoids, comodules, and bicomodules. The text interleaves rigorous mathematical theory with concrete applications, providing detailed examples illustrated with graphical notation as well as exercises with solutions. Graduate students and scholars from a diverse array of backgrounds will appreciate this common language by which to study interactive systems categorically.
Outgunned No More comprehensively addresses the changed legal landscape under which governments and private citizens can sue the gun industry for contributing to and sustaining the gun violence epidemic in the US and Mexico. The book canvasses federal and state efforts to regulate firearms through gun control measures, arguing that these regulatory measures have proven ineffective to stem gun violence. Instead, recourse to robust consumer protection and mass tort litigation provides the best avenue for holding the firearms industry accountable. Chapters highlight three important interventions: the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement, the Connecticut Sandy Hook Elementary School litigation, and the recent enactment of consumer protection and public nuisance firearms statutes in nine states. These innovative statutes have created an avenue for litigation that overcomes the firearm industry's historical immunity. Outgunned No More concludes that a firearms mass tort litigation, modeled after the resolution of claims in the tobacco industry, is the best path forward.
In a groundbreaking new study, acclaimed scholar of global capitalism William I. Robinson presents a bold, original, and timely 'big picture' analysis of the unprecedented global crisis. Robinson synthesizes the different economic, social, political, military, and ecological dimensions of the crisis, applying his theory of global capitalism to elucidate these multidimensional and interconnected aspects. Addressing urgent issues such as economic stagnation, runaway financial speculation, unprecedented social inequalities, political conflict, expanding wars, and the threat to the biosphere, he illustrates how these different dimensions relate to one another and stem from the underlying contradictions of a global system spiralling out of control. This is a significant theoretical contribution to the study of globalization and capitalist crisis, in which Robinson concludes that the conditions for global capitalist renewal are becoming exhausted.
Rational choice theories belong to the most important building blocks of 20th century economics. Their usefulness to model human behaviour has been extensively debated in modern social science and beyond. While some have argued that rational choice theories should be applied to a broad range of political and social phenomena, the rise of behavioural economics questions whether they are appropriate at all for understanding economic behaviour. Conversations on Rational Choice sheds light on what is actually at stake in these debates. In 23 conversations, some of the most prominent protagonists from economics, psychology, and philosophy discuss their individual perspectives on the nature, possible justifications, and epistemic limitations of rational choice theories. Offering a comprehensive assessment of the value of rational choice theories in producing knowledge in economics, these conversations lay the ground for a more nuanced appraisal of rational choice theories from a practical viewpoint.
The Yoruba Are on a Rock focuses on the Africans who arrived in Grenada decades after the abolition of the British slave trade and how they radically shaped the religious and cultural landscape of the island. Rooted in extensive archival and ethnographic research, Shantel A. George carefully traces and unpacks the complex movements of people and ideas between various points in western Africa and the Eastern Caribbean to argue that Orisa worship in Grenada is not, as has been generally supposed, a residue of recaptive Yoruba peoples, but emerged from dynamic and multi-layered exchanges within and beyond Grenada. Further, the book shows how recaptives pursued freedom by drawing on shared African histories and experiences in the homeland and in Grenada, and recovers intriguing individual biographies of the recaptives, their descendants, and religious custodians. By historicising this island's little-known and fascinating tradition, the book advances our knowledge of African diaspora cultures and histories.
The fully revised fifth edition of this highly acclaimed undergraduate textbook provides a thought-provoking introduction to evolutionary psychology, while assuming no prior knowledge of evolutionary theory. The authors continue to carefully guide students towards a level of understanding where they can critically apply evolutionary theory to psychological explanation, providing an engaging and balanced discussion of the field. New material has been added on female homosexuality, artificial intelligence and language, cooking and human brain expansion, Covid-19 and rates of evolutionary change, and the effects of digital media on mental health. This edition also has new and revised boxed case studies, many new figures, extra discussion questions, and additional further reading suggestions. The text is accompanied by online resources including an updated test bank and lecture slides, as well as new answers to the end-of-chapter questions. This is essential reading for students taking undergraduate and graduate courses in evolutionary psychology.
The local priest was the most ubiquitous embodiment of the Church for many people in medieval Christian Europe. By centring this key figure in post-Carolingian Europe, this book provides a fresh perspective on the transition between two focuses of historiographical attention, the Carolingian reform and the Gregorian reform. This pivot away from Church elites such as popes, bishops and abbots, and the institutional structures of dioceses and parishes, sheds light on new lines of continuity and moments of transformation, examining the resources and kinship ties of local priests and assessing their relationship with the bishop at both the collective and the individual level. It draws on a variety of methodologies and forms of evidence, ranging from the detailed study of specific manuscripts to wide-ranging overviews of liturgical and documentary evidence. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Salafism is a theological movement whose radical wing is today affiliated with al-Qaʿida and the Islamic State, but which draws on precedents stretching back to the medieval theology of Ibn Taymiyya. This innovative study focuses on the concept of theonomy in salafi thought: the tenet that rule by God's law is an essential component of faith, and the corresponding notion that other forms of rule based on human legislation are inherently polytheistic and thereby illegitimate. It is this tenet which furnishes radical militants with their principal casus belli against ruling regimes in the Muslim world. In this book, Daniel Lav details the intellectual grounding for modern salafi theonomy in Ibn Taymiyya's doctrine of tawhid and the writings of the early Wahhabi movement, in addition to the twentieth-century thought of Abu al-Aʿla Mawdudi and Sayyid Quṭb, while drawing on insights from comparative political theology to analyze this key school of thought.
This book provides a thought-provoking critical analysis of the functionality of regional trade regimes in the Global South. It examines four regional trade agreements (RTAs) - the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) and the United States-Mexico-Canada Free Trade Agreement (USMCA). Ngangjoh Hodu and Ajibo argue that while there has been immense enthusiasm amongst countries in the Global South to create RTAs, this has not translated into concerted efforts to make the RTAs work as envisaged, resulting in RTAs that are largely lacking in concreteness. In this innovative work, the authors invite international economic lawyers and other stakeholders to reflect on how normative beliefs and interests inform inter-state relations and thereby, the law of regional economic community. In so doing, it argues that the idea of prosperity underpinning RTAs as they currently exist is more of a mirage than reality.
Over a century after racial zoning was invalidated, American land use remains racially unjust. When racist tools were abolished, other facially neutral tools were created or adapted to maintain white power and wealth. Policies, practices, and laws evolved to embed racial inequality and white supremacy deeply into institutional structures and landscapes. Despite modest improvements since the early twentieth century, land use and neighborhood conditions for Black people and other people of color remain dramatically worse than for whites. Discrimination and segregation persist. This enduring and multi-faceted nature of racial injustice in the American land use system means that there is no one cause and no one solution. Instead, this book advocates for nuanced systemic change. Using cross-disciplinary analysis in social-movement history, legal theory, and public policy, the authors call for a racial-justice transformation that integrates grassroots racial-justice activism, newly revitalized anti-subordination legal theories, and many different public policy reforms.
This book tells the stories of individual Americans, some well-known, and some not, who strove to understand their nation and its place in the world in the roiled years 1935-1941. David Mayers splits these individuals into 'seekers' and 'partisans'. Primarily disillusioned idealists, both on the left and right, they hurried from America to explore and be part of a different world. Among those featured are John Robinson, a Black aviator who in 1935 led the Ethiopian air force against the Italian invasion; Agnes Smedley, who joined the Chinese communists during the Sino-Japanese war; eminent Black civil rights theorist W. E. B. Du Bois; Helen Keller, an advocate of the seeing and hearing-impaired; architect Philip Johnson; Ezra Pound, a lauded poet who championed Mussolini; and Anna Louise Strong, drawn to Stalin's USSR. The lives and stories of this diverse group shed light on the contested nature of American ambitions, aims, and national purpose and destabilizes what it means to be 'American'.
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the social psychology of conflict rooted in human evolution, with a particular focus on migration and its challenges in a globalized world. It examines theories for how conflict emerges between cultural, social, and political groups striving to advance their own interests and agendas and considers their impact on democratic systems that guarantee human rights and freedoms. Building on the study of social psychological tendencies and motivations, including human needs for identity and affiliation, new empirical procedures are introduced for bridging cultural, social, and political divides that encourage students, scholars, and policymakers to consider reconciliatory strategies for conflict resolution. By examining political leanings and tendencies for activism and democratic engagement, this book articulates the ethical and political moral grounds guiding decision-making in intergroup and intercultural relations and challenges readers to reflect on their moral standpoints.
Carolinian Crucible tells the story of South Carolina – particularly its upcountry region – at war. A state notorious for its political radicalism before the Civil War, this book avoids caricaturing the Palmetto State's inhabitants as unflinching Confederate zealots, and instead provides a more fine-grained appraisal of their relationship with the new nation that their state's political elite played a leading role in birthing. It does so by considering the outlook and actions of both civilians and soldiers, with special attention given to those who were lower-class 'common whites.' In this richly detailed account, Patrick J. Doyle reveals how a region that was insulated from Federal invasion was not insulated from the disruptions of war; how social class profoundly shaped the worldview of ordinary folk, yet did not lead to a rejection of the slaveholders' republic; and how people in the Civil War South forged meaningful bonds with the Confederate nation, but buckled at times under the demands of diehard nationalism.
As the federal government failed to take ambitious action to limit climate change in the early 21st century, many cities in the US pledged to step into the void. Networks of city governments and philanthropists offered support and cities invested their own resources in sustainability offices. However, cities made limited progress in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions in the first two decades of this century. Local Greens provides a clear-eyed analysis of the potential for big city governments to address society's most pressing environmental problems in the near term. Through original case studies of New York's environmental policy efforts in the early 21st century, the book examines the promise and perils of turning to cities to tackle climate change. Drawing on an analysis of cities' strengths and weaknesses, the book outlines a high-level agenda for urban environmental policy for a sustainable future.
In the 75th Hamlyn Lectures, former Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales Lord Thomas examines Welsh law and the law used for transnational commerce to assess what laws are best national in their application and which are best transnational. He first argues that Wales as a nation should be able to make its own laws on the basis of clear principles and sets out possible solutions to the issues raised by the devolution of law-making powers in 1999. He then explains the success of English commercial law in attaining transnational use and examines the emergence of transnational law from the late nineteenth century. At a time of unprecedented change and competition, his analysis of the present position of the use of English law for transnational commerce and the challenges it faces provides the essential context for a series of practical options for its continued use in the future.