The theory of causal fermion systems represents a novel approach to fundamental physics and is a promising candidate for a unified physical theory. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the theory, structured in four parts: the first lays the necessary mathematical and physical foundations; the second offers an introduction to the theory and the causal action principle; the third describes the mathematical tools for analyzing causal fermion systems; and the fourth gives an outlook on the key physical applications. With relevance across mathematical and theoretical physics, the book is aimed at graduate students and researchers interested in novel approaches to the structure of spacetime and alternative perspectives to the more established quantum field theories. It can be used for advanced courses in the subject or as a reference for research and self-guided study. Exercises are included at the end of each chapter to build and develop key concepts.

This Element presents an economic analysis of Augustine's Laws and Weapons Systems. It explores and evaluates their economic content and subjects them to critical analysis. The Element is both theoretical and empirical and the empirical work uses an original UK data set on military aircraft over the period 1934 to 1964. The period embraces major technical changes involving war and peace and the shift to jet powered aircraft.

Designed for educators, researchers, and policymakers, this insightful book equips readers with practical strategies, critical perspectives, and ethical insights into integrating AI in education. First published in Swedish in 2023, and here translated, updated, and adapted for an English-speaking international audience, it provides a user-friendly guide to the digital and AI-related challenges and opportunities in today's education systems. Drawing upon cutting-edge research, Thomas Nygren outlines how technology can be usefully integrated into education, not as a replacement for humans, but as a tool that supports and reinforces students' learning. Written in accessible language, topics covered include AI literacy, source awareness, and subject-specific opportunities. The central role of the teacher is emphasized throughout, as is the importance of thoughtful engagement with technology. By guiding the reader through the fastevolving digital transformation in education globally, it ultimately enables students to become informed participants in the digital world.

Improving public policies, creating the next generation of AI systems, reducing crime, making hospitals more efficient, addressing climate change, controlling pandemics, and reducing disruption in supply chains are all problems where big picture ideas from analytics science have had large-scale impact. What are those ideas? Who came up with them? Will insights from analytics science help solve even more daunting societal challenges? This book takes readers on an engaging tour of the evolution of analytics science and how it brought together ideas and tools from many different fields – AI, machine learning, data science, OR, optimization, statistics, economics, and more – to make the world a better place. Using these ideas and tools, big picture insights emerge from simplified settings that get at the essence of a problem, leading to superior approaches to complex societal issues. A fascinating read for anyone interested in how problems can be solved by leveraging analytics.

In this volume, David Litwa offers a fresh introduction to the 'gnostic Bible,' arguably the most significant and widely read of all gnostic Christian texts ever written. Providing a fresh introduction to a particular version of the Secret Book of John, namely the shorter version that is found in Nag Hammadi Codex III, his study includes a new translation of this text and an extensive commentary in which he introduces the notable features of this codex and interrogates whether the Secret Book emerged from an actual gnostic community. Litwa also posits solutions to many questions related to this text, notably: its date and find spot, its relationship to the treatise known and summarized by Irenaeus in the late second century, its interpretation and re-creation of the book of Genesis for Christian readers, its novel interpretation of Greco-Roman philosophy, its foundations in apostolic authority, and the reception of the Secret Book of John in late antiquity, well into the fifth century CE.

This book traces the origins and evolution of alcohol prohibition in India, drawing on extensive archival research and rich vernacular sources to explain its surprising resilience over time. Since its inception, prohibition has functioned as both an ideal and a tool of state power—a dual role that has worked to shape its shifting trajectories.  Each phase of prohibition's enforcement has served to reaffirm its founding logic, thereby further embedding it in the machinery of governance. Foregrounding intersections with caste and gender, the book illuminates how diverse social responses have made prohibition a deeply contested—'sobering'— yet remarkably enduring project. While prohibition may be a thing of the past in the West, in India, history keeps it alive as a manifestation of postcolonial governmentality.

This book presents a comprehensive account of China's evolving international energy relations (IER) as the world's largest energy user transitions from fossil fuels to renewables amidst significant geopolitical shifts. It introduces an original analytic framework for IER, focusing on three interconnected dimensions: the international business activities of energy companies at the micro level, state energy diplomacy and energy statecraft at the state level, and the nation's engagements with the global energy governance at the global level. Drawing an extensive range of Chinese and English-languages sources and employing novel perspectives, the book provides a timely analysis on this significant phenomenon. It constructs a compelling narrative on the profound impact of China's domestic energy transition and the changing geopolitical landscape on the country's international energy engagements.

How can admissions officers, employers, and scholarship committees maximize the accuracy of prediction of individual performance while minimizing adverse impact due to group differences? Testing offers a straightforward solution to the first half of this problem. Tests are the best way to predict how someone will perform in school, in the military, in medicine, or while controlling airline traffic and flying a plane. Tests are also useful beyond personnel selection, such as for selection of a college major or courses. However, the other side of this problem is more complex. Using tests is always accompanied by group differences that could result in continued systemic discrimination by limiting opportunities for those who are marginalized. This book charts an approach to using tests that incorporates evidence, transparency, and societal values to maximize efficiency and fairness.

Diffusion decision models are widely used to characterize the cognitive and neural processes involved in making rapid decisions about objects and events in the environment. These decisions, which are made hundreds of times a day without prolonged deliberation, include recognition of people and things as well as real-time decisions made while walking or driving. Diffusion models assume that the processes involved in making such decisions are noisy and variable and that noisy evidence is accumulated until there is enough for a decision. This volume provides the first comprehensive treatment of the theory, mathematical foundations, numerical methods, and empirical applications of diffusion process models in psychology and neuroscience. In addition to the standard Wiener diffusion model, readers will find a detailed, unified treatment of the cognitive theory and the neural foundations of a variety of dynamic diffusion process models of two-choice, multiple choice, and continuous outcome decisions.

The volume outlines modern British literature's relation to global empire from the 16th century to the present. Spanning the interactions between Britain, Europe, and the world outside, in Asia, Africa, Australasia, North America, and the Caribbean, it suggests the centrality of colonial-capitalist empire and global exchanges in the development of major genres of literary fiction, poetry, drama, and non-fiction. Illuminating the vital role of categories such as race, class, gender, religion, commerce, war, slavery, resistance, and decolonization, the twenty-one chapters of the book chart major aspects of British literature and empire. In rigorous yet accessible prose, an international team of experts provides an updated account of earlier and latest scholarship. Suitable for a general readership and academics in the field, the Companion will aid readers in familiarizing with Britain's imperial past and its continuing relevance for the present.

Donizetti's opera, based on Walter Scott's novel, is a staple of the bel canto operatic repertoire and famed above all for its vocally challenging and frequently reinterpreted 'mad scene' that precedes the lead character's death. This handbook examines the impact Lucia has had on opera and investigates why, of all of Donizetti's seventy operas, this particular work has inspired so much enthusiastic interest among scholars, directors and singers. A key feature is the sheer mutability of the character Lucia as she transforms from a lyric bel canto figure to a highly charged coloratura femme fatale, fascinating not just to opera historians but also to those working on sound studies, literary theories of horror and the gothic, the science of the mind, gender theory and feminist thought. The book places Lucia within the larger contexts of its time, while underlining the opera's central dramatic elements that resonate in the repertoire today.

This collection profiles understudied figures in the book and print trades of the eighteenth century. With an explicit focus on intervening in the critical history of the trades, this volume profiles seven women and three men, emphasising the broad range of material, cultural, and ideological work these people undertook. It offers a biographical introduction to each figure, placing them in their social, professional, and institutional settings. The collection considers varied print trade roles including that of the printer, publisher, business-owner, and bookseller, as well as several specific trade networks and numerous textual forms. The biographies draw on extensive new archival research, with details of key sources for further study on each figure. Chronologically organised, this Element offers a primer both on individual figures and on the tribulations and innovations of the print trade in the century of national and print expansion.

As the world moves with increasing urgency to mitigate climate change and catalyze energy transitions to net zero, understanding the governance mechanisms that will unlock barriers to energy transitions is of critical importance. This book examines how the clean energy regime complex-the fragmented, complex sphere of governance in the clean energy issue area characterized by proliferating and overlapping international institutions-can be effective in fostering energy transitions at the domestic level, particularly in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). Through comparative case studies of geothermal development in Indonesia and the Philippines, the chapters provide two different tales of energy transitions, demonstrating how domestic factors have hindered or facilitated progress. This book will be useful for students, researchers, and practitioners working in international relations, energy politics, political science, development studies, public policy, international law, and sociology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Creative Agency Unbound explores how individuals transform creative potential into creative actions. Creative agency refers to the self-directed capacity to envision and enact meaningful changes within contextual constraints. This Element introduces the updated Creative Behavior as Agentic Action (CBAA) model, explaining four key decision points that shape creative engagement: Can I do this creatively? (creative confidence), Should I do this creatively? (creative centrality), Will I do this creatively? (creative risk-taking), and How will I do this creatively? (creative self-regulation). Each decision and its related self-belief is discussed in successive sections, integrating theory, research, and practical applications to illustrate how creative self-beliefs motivate creative behaviors. This Element serves as a foundational resource for those seeking to understand, study, and foster the transformation of creative potential into creative action.

In a world demanding climate action, the oil-rich Gulf states face a defining crossroads: can they transform economies built on fossil fuels into resilient, climate-aligned powerhouses? This timely and original study offers a rigorous, multidimensional analysis of how Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar are navigating the high-stakes transition to decarbonization. Weaving together historical political economy, postcolonial state formation, economic pressures, geopolitical realignments, and environmental imperatives, it explores the difficult trade-offs and strategic decisions forging the region's trajectory. Through incisive analysis, it reveals emerging policy innovations, evolving social contracts, and institutional strategies that are redefining the Gulf's energy future—while critically evaluating the macroeconomic consequences of climate-driven transformation. Essential reading for policymakers, financiers, energy professionals, multilateral institutions, and scholars, The Gulf's Climate Reckoning offers an intellectual and strategic framework for understanding the Gulf's climate-industrial transformation and its far-reaching implications for the emerging global energy and governance landscape.

This Element examines China's evolving relations with the Bretton Woods institutions (BWIs), specifically the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group from the 1980s through 2025. Using a combination of new qualitative findings and quantitative datasets, the authors observe that China has taken an evolving approach to the BWIs in order to achieve its multiple agendas, acting largely as a 'rule-taker' during its first two decades as a member, but, over time, also becoming a 'rule-shaker' inside the BWIs, and ultimately a new 'rule-maker' outside of the BWIs. The analysis highlights China's exercise of 'two-way countervailing power' with one foot inside the BWIs, and another outside, and pushing for changes in both directions. China's interventions have resulted in BWs reforms and the gradual transformation of the global order, while also generating counter-reactions especially from the United States. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.