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This textbook is meant for first-year undergraduates majoring in mathematics or disciplines where formal mathematics is important. It will help students to make a smooth transition from high school to undergraduate differential calculus. Beginning with limits and continuity, the book proceeds to discuss derivatives, tangents and normals, maxima and minima, and mean value theorems. It also discusses indeterminate forms, functions of several variables, and partial differentiation. The book ends with a coverage of curvature, asymptotes, singular points, and curve tracing. Concepts are first presented and explained in an informal, intuitive, and conceptual style. They are then covered in the form of a conventional definition, theorem, or proof. Each concept concludes with at least one solved example. Additional solved examples are also provided under the section "More Solved Examples". Practice numerical exercises are included in the chapters so that students can apply the concepts learnt and sharpen their problem-solving skills.
This book provides a reassessment of Ptolemaic state intervention in industry and trade, an issue central to the economic and political history of Hellenistic Egypt. Based on a full survey of Greek and Demotic Egyptian sources, and drawing on theoretical perspectives, it challenges the prevailing interpretation of 'state monopolies'. While the Ptolemies displayed an impressive capacity to intervene in economic processes, their aims were purely fiscal, and the extent of their reach was limited. Every sector was characterised by significant market activity, either recognised and supported by the state, or illicit where the Ptolemies did make attempts to establish exclusive control. Nico Dogaer provides a full account of several key industries and presents new conclusions about the impact of Ptolemaic rule, including on economic performance. The book also makes an important contribution to broader debates about the relation between states and markets in historical societies.
This essential primary-source reader brings together documents collected over decades of research into security agency tradecraft and Chinese Cold War-era human intelligence. Michael Schoenhals' expert translation of the texts teases out meanings from memoranda, decodes marginal notes from senior officers, and unpacks the hastily scribbled communications of covert human sources. Together, these sources trace the resilience of covert human intelligence as an institution, even when faced with revelations of major misconduct and calls for its reform. With editorial introductions providing valuable context, this collection offers an informed interpretation of the domestic recruitment and running of agents that sheds critical new light on Chinese security agencies' intelligence gathering operations and capacity building during the Cold War.
While many studies of Islamic law have centered on the development of legal theory and substantive law, especially in their formative period of development, Mariam Sheibani instead argues that the rich legal history of the post-formative period and the Islamic legal philosophy that developed in it have been comparatively neglected. This innovative study traces the ethical turn in medieval Islamic legal philosophy through the pioneering work of the prominent jurist and legal philosopher Izz al-Dīn Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām (d. 660/1262). Sheibani demonstrates how Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām advanced a comprehensive analysis of the law's purposive and coherent rationality, articulated in a distinctive genre, with direct bearing on legal doctrine and social praxis. Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām expanded on previous theological and legal reasoning, furthering two ideas developed by Khurasani Shāfiʿīs: maṣlaḥa (human benefit) and qawāʿid (legal maxims). He also sought to embody and deploy the teachings of his legal philosophy for socio-religious reform in Ayyubid Damascus and Cairo, breaking with the dominant formalism of legal practice. The new forms of legal reasoning and writing that Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām developed would influence subsequent jurists from diverse legal schools and across regional traditions until the present day.
Written by experts in the field, this text provides a modern introduction to three-dimensional dynamics for multibody systems. It covers rotation matrices, the twist-wrench formalism for multibody dynamics and Lagrangian dynamics, an approach that is often overlooked at the undergraduate level. The only prerequisites are differential equations and linear algebra as covered in a first-year engineering mathematics course. The text focuses on obtaining and understanding the equations of motion, featuring a rich set of examples and exercises that are drawn from real-world scenarios. Readers develop a reliable physical intuition that can then be used to apply dynamic analysis software tools, and to develop simplified approximate models. With this foundation, they will be able to confidently use the equations of motion in a variety of applications, ranging from simulation and design to motion planning and control.
Matthew Paris is one of the most remarkable and renowned figures in the cultural history of medieval England. A career-monk at the influential Benedictine abbey of St Albans, Paris' creative work bears witness to the rich intellectual, artistic, social and political environment of the monasteries and their lasting impact on the wider world. His compelling accounts of recent history and the lives of legendary saints and churchmen are a distinctive and valuable guide to the emergence of the English kingdom and its place in European Christendom. His accomplished and vivid artwork brings into focus both the craft skill and visual sensibility stimulated by the medieval Church. This systematic survey, the first published for almost seventy years, brings together expert scholarship and offers fresh, interdisciplinary perspectives on Paris', his life's work as writer, artist, cartographer and maker of manuscript books, and its enduring legacy.
At the beginning of the long eighteenth century, the adjective 'British' primarily meant Welsh, in a narrow and exclusive sense. As the nation and the empire expanded, so too did Britishness come to name a far more diffuse identity. In parallel with this transformation, writers sought to invent a new British literary tradition. Timothy Heimlich demonstrates that these developments were more interrelated than scholars have yet realized, revealing how Wales was both integral to and elided from Britishness at the same historical moment that it was becoming a vitally important cultural category. Critically re-examining the role of nationalism in the development of colonized identities and complicating the core-periphery binary, he sheds new light on longstanding critical debates about internal colonialism and its relationship to the project of empire-building abroad.
Sexual harassment between doctors is a common problem hiding in plain sight. Studies around the world consistently find that prevalence is well above zero. Harassment is more common when the survivor is still in training, and it is more likely to be experienced by doctors living with multiple marginalisations. This book combines expert analysis and commentary from various interdisciplinary perspectives. It privileges the voices of survivors, whose experience helps to inform our understanding of a complex problem. With contributors in locations ranging from Austria to Zambia, the book spans multiple languages, sociocultural contexts, and academic disciplines and offers unique globally contextualised perspectives. It gives readers a holistic understanding of sexual harms between doctors and demonstrates how silence prevents effective evidence-based management of sexual harassment. This volume helps to break the silence and offers potential solutions in discrete cultural contexts. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Revolutions are cosmogonic. More than any other modern political form, their deliberate goal is to precipitate change as a total, all-embracing project: not just a radically new political order but one that reaches deep into the fabric of social relationships, seeking to transform people at their very core, recasting the horizons that give their lives shape and meaning. Combining ethnographic and historiographic research, Shapes in Revolution tells the story of this radical process of life-formation, with all of its rugged contradictions and ambiguities, as it has unfolded in Cuba. As well as a novel anthropological perspective on revolutions, the upshot is a fresh approach to the study of political forms and their power to format people and their relationships into particular shapes. Articulating politics through the shapes it gives to people and their lives, the work proposes relational morphology as a new departure for political anthropology.
'In this rich history of everyday encounters between US soldiers and Chinese civilians, Chunmei Du explores their entangled relations from the end of World War II to the founding of the People's Republic of China. Drawing upon official, popular and personal accounts from both countries, Du examines the sensorial, material, and symbolic exchanges that took place between GIs and ordinary Chinese people-stall vendors, pedestrians, rickshaw pullers, 'Jeep girls,' and suspected thieves. Through the conceptual lens of the everyday, this book reveals how interactions such as traffic accidents, sexual relations, theft, and black-market dealings, impacted larger political dynamics during this pivotal era. Du shows how mundane struggles made imperialism and sovereignty tangible, fueling anti-American sentiment. Meanwhile, these encounters fostered informal diplomacy, shaping identities and forging new bonds that left a lasting imprint on both countries. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.'
Historical trauma is a relatively new yet crucial area of study within psychology, history, and related disciplines. This book introduces the concept of historical trauma by providing a comprehensive overview of the latest vocabulary, seminal psychological concepts, and quantitative research in the field. By drawing together cross-disciplinary threads and examining eight global contexts of historical trauma, the author highlights a wide-ranging and rigorous body of research that further adds to our clinical understanding of the possible long-term effects of collective trauma. The chapters also explore remedies against the historical effects of trauma, which tend to go far beyond psycho-therapeutic interventions, especially when they are dedicated to the culture of remembrance or empowerment for disadvantaged young people. By revealing a wealth of new ideas that point to a pivotal moment in the evolution of social sciences, this volume can help transform the way psychologists serve victimized communities around the world.
The four fundamental forms of sociality structure our relationships. By comparing hundreds of cultures across more than 5,000 years, this book builds on relational models theory to reveal how each of the four basic types of relationship is conceived in their own distinctive cognitive medium. The text demonstrates how people use their food and bodies to foster affiliation, spatial dimensions to form hierarchy, concrete operations of one-to-one matching to create equality, and employ arbitrary, conventional symbols for proportion-based relationships. Originating from the author's ethnographic fieldwork in a West African village, this innovative social theory integrates findings from social, cognitive, and developmental psychology, linguistics and semiotics, anthropology, archeology, art history, religious studies, and ancient texts. The chapters offer compelling insights into readers' everyday social relations by showing what humans think their social relationships actually are.
This Element provides a historical overview of the sources and key scholarship related to literate workers in early Christianity. It argues that literate workers were indispensable for the creation, production, maintenance, interpretation, and preservation of ancient Christian thought, theology, and literature. This Element centres the embodiment and lived experience of literate workers-as much as is able to be retrieved from our extant Christian sources. Who were they? What did they look like? What was their relationship with named authors? What kinds of aspirations and career trajectories did they have? The aim of this project is to help researchers reconfigure their perspectives on ancient works, that such documents not only represent the genius of named authors but also of (enslaved) literate workers as well.
Bridging the divide between theory and practice, this textbook provides an easy-to-read introduction to the basic concepts required for translation practice today. Filling a void in the translation textbook market, it is unique in bringing both current theoretical and empirical knowledge to translation practice in a contextualized and relevant manner, to provide an alternative to translation studies surveys and language-specific manuals. This fully updated second edition features the latest ideas, methodologies, and technological advancements in translation theory and practice. It includes a new chapter on the role of the translator, as well as a useful teacher's companion to facilitate instructional use. Each chapter includes a wide range of exercises, textual figures, and examples taken from a range of different languages. The book also includes numerous online resources, such as PowerPoint chapter summaries and multiple-choice tests with answers. It is ideal for language teachers, translation and language students, and language industry professionals.
In 1957, Shanghai journalism student Xu Chengmiao faced persecution for a poem about flowers. Why did his classmates, teachers, and eventually the full force of the Party-state react so intensely to Xu's floral poetry? What connection did his writing have to the flowers that had adorned Chinese literature, art, reportage, and fashion since 1954? In this captivating book, Dayton Lekner tells the story of the Hundred Flowers, from its early blooms to its transformation into the Anti-Rightist campaign. Through the work and lives of creative writers, he shows that the literary circulation and practices that had long characterized China not only survived under Maoism but animated political and social movements. Texts 'went viral,' writers rose and fell, and metaphors mattered. Exploring the dynamism, nuance, and legion authors of 'official discourse,' he relocates creative writing not in tension with Mao era politics but as a central medium of the revolution.
Recent developments in the cognitive sciences, particularly the emergence of neurotechnologies and their potential applications in a variety of contexts, have prompted a debate on what freedoms and rights people have in relation to their brains and minds. Lawyers and philosophers are especially interested in the possibilities offered by the neurosciences in conducting risk assessments and risk management. Minds, Freedoms and Rights deepens our understanding of these legal issues by investigating the human rights that relate to the mind and by exploring their implications for possible uses for neurotechnology for criminal rehabilitation or 'neurorehabilitation'. By harnessing and integrating both legal and ethical perspectives, the authors establish possible uses of neurorehabilitation that are cutting-edge yet simultaneously protect and respect human rights and freedoms. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In The U.S. Presidency, E. Thomas Sullivan and Richard W. Painter examine the evolving state of presidential power in the United States, specifically facilitating discussion and debate concerning the power, responsibility, and accountability of U.S. Presidents. How is power acquired? How is it used or misused? How are the President's powers checked and how are they held accountable to and by the people? Rather than promote a single theory of presidential power, Sullivan and Painter answer these questions with a wide range of arguments for and against power in a broad number of circumstances and Supreme Court holdings. Grounded in the intersection of law, politics, and history, this book engages readers across disciplines, helping them understand the remarkable transformation of the United States presidency. Objective and timely, The U.S. Presidency makes a case for a democratic model of self-government centered on accountability and the rule of law.