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Amazonia presents the contemporary scholar with myriad challenges. What does it consist of, and what are its limits? In this interdisciplinary book, Mark Harris examines the formation of Brazilian Amazonian societies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, focusing predominantly on the Eastern Amazon, what is today the states of Pará and Amapá in Brazil. His aim is to demonstrate how the region emerged through the activities and movements of Indigenous societies with diverse languages, cultures, individuals of mixed heritage, and impoverished European and African people from various nations. Rarely are these approaches and people examined together, but this comprehensive history insightfully illustrates that the Brazilian Amazon consists of all these communities and their struggles and highlights the ways the Amazon has been defended through partnership and alliance across ethnic identities.
Afrodescendant religious music in the Caribbean and Latin America typically foregrounds drumming and centuries-old songs of praise to spirit deities. In recent years, a new form of worship, known as a violín or toque de violín, which features the violin alongside the guitar, electronic piano, and/or other instruments commonly associated with popular music, has gained popularity in Cuba. Violines can be understood as loosely defined spaces for performance that developed in a context of cultural oppression and dominance. They can be viewed as a concession to Eurocentric and secular tastes, or as a blackening/creolizing of those same practices, or both. They express religious faith in pluralistic ways, incorporating repertoire from various Black religions alongside influences from folk Catholicism, and classical, commercial, and folkloric music. Drawing from an encyclopedic knowledge of Cuban music, ethnographic work, and interviews, Robin D. Moore's groundbreaking book is the first to explore the compelling violín ceremony in detail.
The intersection of statistical mechanics and mathematical analysis has proved a fertile ground for mathematical physics and probability, and in the decades since lattice gases were first proposed as a model for describing physical systems at the atomic level, our understanding of them has grown tremendously. A book that provides a comprehensive account of the methods used in the study of phase transitions for Ising models and classical and quantum Heisenberg models has been long overdue. This book, written by one of the masters of the subject, is just that. Topics covered include correlation inequalities, Lee-Yang theorems, the Peierls method, the Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner method, infrared bounds, random cluster methods, random current methods and BKT transition. The final section outlines major open problems to inspire future work. This is a must-have reference for researchers in mathematical physics and probability and serves as an entry point, albeit advanced, for students entering this active area.
Play has a significant role in children's learning and development. Play in the Early Years examines the central questions about play from the perspectives of children, families and educators, providing a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of play for children from birth to eight years. In its fourth edition, Play in the Early Years has been thoroughly updated in line with the revised Early Years Learning Framework and the new version of the Australian Curriculum. It takes both a both a theoretical and a practical approach, and covers recent research into conceptual play and wellbeing. The text looks at social, cultural and institutional approaches to play, and explores a range of strategies for successfully integrating play into early years settings and primary classrooms. Each chapter features case studies and play examples, with questions and reflection activities incorporated throughout to enhance learners' understanding.
In recent years, new forms of investment have been created to direct funds towards companies performing well according to predefined environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators. This volume addresses moral, political, and legal questions about the legitimacy of ESG as a management and investment strategy. Some chapters argue that ESG strategies should focus on creating real-life impacts on morally significant problems, such as climate change, human rights violations, and corporate corruption. Other chapters instead examine the possibility that the long-term feasibility of ESG limits its moral ambitions, requiring ESG to be regarded as only a set of devices for minimizing risk in a way that protects financial gain. The book contributes a much-needed understanding of ethical interpretations of the ESG movement, which are likely to drive future social, political and legal developments.
It is a principle of international law not only that workers should be free to join trade unions and take part in their activities, but also that trade union autonomy should be respected by the State. Trade unions in the United Kingdom in contrast are subject to detailed regulation by legislation, which undermines their right to promote political objects without restraint, decide their own procedures for the selecting and electing senior officials, and determine when disciplinary powers may be used against those who break the rules. This chapter considers these and other questions, as well as the controversial regulatory role of the Certification Officer.
Ralph Waldo Emerson developed a metaphysics of process, an epistemology of moods, and an 'existentialist' ethics of self-improvement, drawing on sources including Neoplatonism, Kantianism, Hinduism, and the skepticism of Montaigne. In this book, Russell B. Goodman demonstrates how Emerson's essays embody oppositions – one and many, fixed and flowing, nominalism and realism – and argues, in tracing Emerson's main positions, that we miss the living nature of his philosophy unless we take account of the motions and patterns of his essays and the ways in which instability, spontaneity, and inconsistency are dramatized within them. Goodman presents Emerson as a philosopher in conversation with Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, William James, Wittgenstein, and Cavell. He finds a variety of skepticisms in Emerson's work – about friendship, language, freedom, and the world's existence – but also an acknowledgement of skepticism as a 'wise' form of life.
There is a statutory right for employees not to be unfairly dismissed. The right usually requires a qualifying period of continuous employment, and claim has to be made to an employment tribunal within three months of the effective date of termination. The employee has to prove dismissal has occurred, though resignation in response to a fundamental breach of contract by the employer counts as constructive dismissal. The courts have interpreted the statutory test of fairness to require proof that the employer acted outside of the range of reasonable responses to the fault of the employee. Some reasons for dismissal are automatically unfair. The normal remedy for unfair dismissal in practice is not reinstatement but a modest award of compensation for which there is an upper limit.
As the first book-length examination of abolition and its legacies in Mexico, this collection reveals innovative social, cultural, political, and intellectual approaches to Afro-Mexican history. It complicates the long-standing belief that Afro-Mexicans were erased from the nation. The volume instead shows how they created their own archival legibility by continuing and modifying colonial-era forms of resistance, among other survival strategies. The chapters document the lives and choices of Afro-descended peoples, both enslaved and free, over the course of two centuries, culminating during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Contributors examine how Afro-Mexicans who lived under Spanish rule took advantage of colonial structures to self-advocate and form communities. Beginning with the war for independence and continuing after the abolition of slavery and caste in the 1820s, Afro-descended citizens responded to and, at times, resisted the claims of racial disappearance to shape both local and national politics.
To Galen, Plato was the great authority in philosophy but also had important things to say on health, disease, and the human body. The Timaeus was of enormous significance to Galen's thought on the body's structure and functioning as well as being a key source of inspiration for his teleological world view, in which the idea of cosmic design by a personified creative Nature, the Craftsman, plays a fundamental role. This volume provides critical English translations of key readings of the Timaeus by Galen that were previously accessible only in fragmentary Greek and Arabic and Arabo-Latin versions. The introductions highlight Galen's creative interpretations of the dialogue, especially compared to other imperial explanations, and show how his works informed medieval Islamicate writers' understanding of it. The book should provoke fresh attention to texts that have been unjustly marginalized in the history of Platonism in both the west and Middle East.
This chapter deals with the risks faced by workers and trade unions when they engage in industrial action which falls beyond lawful boundaries. For the trade union, the risk is that the action will be restrained by an injunction, while it remains open to an employer to bring an action for damages, though this is rarely done. For the workers participating in the action, there is the risk of dismissal and other sanctions imposed by the employer. The chapter also considers the role of ACAS in dispute resolution, and assesses the extent to which British law is consistent with international legal obligations.