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In this revised and updated edition, An Economic History of Europe re-establishes itself as the leading textbook on European economic history. With an expanded scope, from prehistory to the present, it will be invaluable source for students, educators and researchers seeking to better understand Europe's long-run economic development. The authors cover key themes including the rise of institutions, technological advancements, globalization, and the Industrial Revolution, with a fresh emphasis on the wider impact of economic policies on welfare reflecting a broader understanding of societal well-being. The chronological structure, clear explanations, case studies, and minimal use of complex mathematics make this an accessible approach that allows students to apply economic theories in historical practice. The new edition also connects historical development to urgent contemporary issues such as modern-day sustainability goals. This comprehensive guide provides students with both a historical narrative of Europe's economic transformation, and the essential tools for analysing it.
Redemption is a sweeping new history of the largest and costliest campaign waged by US armed forces during the Pacific War. Peter Mansoor surveys the course of the Philippines campaign, from the Japanese invasion and the Filipino guerrilla operations which contested occupation to the US Army's return to Leyte and the subsequent battles of liberation. Central to the book is a re-evaluation of the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur, one of the most controversial military commanders in US history. At times brilliant, courageous, and politically astute, MacArthur was also egotistical, publicity hungry, often ignorant of conditions at the front, and self-certain to a fault. In their return to the Philippines, MacArthur and his forces liberated millions of Filipinos and severed a critical Japanese resource lifeline. But he also achieved something much rarer – redemption on the same ground and against the same enemy that defeated him earlier in the war.
Petri nets are one of the most popular tools for modeling distributed systems. This book provides a modern look at the theory behind them, by studying three classes of nets that model (i) sequential systems, (ii) non-communicating parallel systems, and (iii) communicating parallel systems. A decidable and causality respecting behavioral equivalence is presented for each class, followed by a modal logic characterization for each equivalence. The author then introduces a suitable process algebra for the corresponding class of nets and proves that the behavioral equivalence proposed for each class is a congruence for the operator of the corresponding process algebra. Finally, an axiomatization of the behavioral congruence is proposed. The theory is introduced step by step, with ordinary-language explanations and examples provided throughout, to remain accessible to readers without specialized training in concurrency theory or formal logic. Exercises with solutions solidify understanding, and the final chapter hints at extensions of the theory.
A strong foundation in Humanities and Social Sciences helps young learners to think critically, communicate effectively, make decisions and adapt to change. Making Humanities and Social Sciences Come Alive prepares pre-service educators to effectively teach and integrate the crucial learning area of HASS, incorporating the sub-strands of History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship, and Economics and Business. The second edition provides a comprehensive introduction to HASS education for both the early years and primary education. Closely aligned with the latest versions of the Australian Curriculum and the Early Years Learning Framework, the text delivers an in-depth understanding of the curriculum structure, pedagogical approaches to teaching HASS, inclusivity, global connections and the transition to practice. Wide-ranging updates include strengthened links to demonstrate the relevance of theory and research to classroom practice, and applications for integrating the Australian Curriculum's general capabilities and cross-curriculum priorities.
This chapter examines the broad social and political ramifications of the Chernobyl disaster through the lens of the ‘Chernobyl children’. These children, initially referred to as such by Western media and later by Soviet activists, symbolize the long-term human impact of the disaster, which transcended national borders. The chapter explores how the Soviet state, struggling under the weight of multiple crises, sought to protect these children by sending them abroad for recovery, leading to the development of extensive transnational networks. These networks, primarily driven by non-state actors and humanitarian initiatives, played a crucial role in shaping the global response to the disaster. The chapter also delves into the complex identities of the Chernobyl children, who have navigated the stigma of being disaster survivors while sometimes using this identity to their advantage. By situating the Chernobyl children within broader historical contexts, such as the Cold War and the Anthropocene, the chapter offers a nuanced understanding of how this disaster became a transnational event with lasting implications for global humanitarianism and the lived experiences of those affected.
Catatonia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor, affective and cognitive-behavioral symptoms, presenting significant challenges for both psychiatrists and neurologists. It occurs in 5–18% of patients in inpatient psychiatric units and in 3.3% of those in neurology or neuropsychiatric tertiary care inpatient settings. Despite its relatively high prevalence, catatonia is often underdiagnosed and inadequately treated, which can lead to substantial disadvantages for patients and may be associated with potentially life-threatening conditions. This comprehensive guide is designed to assist clinicians, researchers, and students in understanding and treating catatonia. It navigates through the history of the condition, exploring its phenomenology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology, before delving into effective treatment strategies. By providing a clear and thorough overview, this guide simplifies the recognition of catatonia and promotes prompt and accurate treatment, encouraging future research endeavours in catatonia.
Discover how technology is revolutionizing the world of work across diverse industries in this essential text. As AI, automation, and digital platforms reshape fields like healthcare, hospitality, law enforcement, and the skilled trades, this book describes the emerging demands and skills workers need to thrive. Each chapter spotlights a different sector, uncovering how job roles are changing, what new training looks like, and the social and economic impacts of these shifts. By exploring both the opportunities and challenges of these technological transformations, this book offers an insightful perspective for professionals, educators, and anyone curious about the future of work. Perfect for readers seeking a comprehensive view of how technology is redefining careers and the labor market, it's a must-read for staying ahead in an ever-evolving workplace.
In 362/363 the Roman emperor Julian composed a treatise titled Against the Galileans in which he set forth his reasons for abandoning Christianity and returning to devotion to the traditional Greco-Roman deities. Sixty years later Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, composed a response. His resulting treatise Against Julian would dwarf the size of Julian's original work and in fact serves as our primary source for the fragments of it that have survived. Julian's treatise was the most sophisticated critique of Christianity to have been composed in antiquity and Cyril's rebuttal was equally learned. The Christian bishop not only responded directly to Julian's own words but drew upon a wide range of ancient literature, including poetry, history, philosophy, and religious works to undermine the emperor's critiques of the Christian Bible and bolster the intellectual legitimacy of Christian belief and practice. This is the first full translation of the work into English.
This is a book about the encounters that contemporary North American fiction stages with distinct strands of self-help. Its central argument is that the varied practices of ever-expanding and diversifying self-help cultures are generatively elastic sites of inspiration as well as antagonism for contemporary authors: spaces where they can explore what it means to be better on personal, ethical, and societal terms. It offers new perspectives on the work of nine very different writers by exploring how they play different forms of self-help off against one another. This book shows how in the clashes between practices ranging from commencement speeches and grassroots communitarian self-help to time-management productivity manuals, trauma recovery theories, pop-neuroscience, and makeover cultures, contemporary writers try to find ways of reimagining authority and agency beyond individualism, asking how - and if - it is possible to live and write 'better' in our compromised neoliberal world.
The practice of surgery has been revolutionized since the introduction of video-assisted endoscopy. Minimally invasive procedures are now available for almost all severe gynecologic diseases and conditions and innovations such as the use of video-assisted and robotic-assisted hysteroscopy and vaginoscopy make this one of the most dynamic and technically demanding specialties. The new edition of this authoritative textbook covers the full spectrum of laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures used in gynecologic surgery. Containing descriptions of new techniques such as fetoscopic surgery and practical advice on how to set up the operating theater, the avoidance and management of complications will be stressed throughout. Over 700 high-quality images and accompanying videos are included in the book, illustrating the concepts covered and helping readers incorporate information.
Hegel's political philosophy has long been associated with some form of social or welfare liberalism. Bernardo Ferro challenges this interpretation and shows how Hegel's work harbours a more ambitious philosophical project, pointing to a different vision of modern society. Ferro argues that Hegel's account of the state should be read not as a complement to the concept of civil society, but as a direct challenge to its underlying logic. He then draws the political and economic conclusions implicit in this line of approach, arguing that the conscious pursuit of the common good which Hegel regards as essential to a rational state is not compatible with either a capitalist production system or a constitutional monarchy: a true dialectical synthesis of the particular interests of individuals and the general interests of society entails nothing less than a comprehensive democratization of the economic and the political spheres, and the need for this transformation holds the key to Hegel's enduring political relevance.
Does American influence help or hinder the capacity-building of partner states? In Hierarchy and the State, Patrick E. Shea challenges the conventional wisdom that US influence undermines state-building in developing countries, instead arguing that US support has actually enhanced state capacity over the past forty years. The book asserts that American economic power plays a pivotal role in enhancing a state's ability to build and sustain itself. Tracing the evolution of US property rights promotion from 1782 to the present, it reveals the complex interplay of economic and security interests that shape American foreign policy. Through cutting-edge quantitative techniques and original data on US hierarchy, Hierarchy and the State provides robust evidence for the mechanisms linking international influence, property rights, and state-building outcomes. Its novel framework will change the way scholars examine the international politics of state-building.
This Element examines China's evolving relations with the Bretton Woods institutions (BWIs), specifically the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group from the 1980s through 2025. Using a combination of new qualitative findings and quantitative datasets, the authors observe that China has taken an evolving approach to the BWIs in order to achieve its multiple agendas, acting largely as a 'rule-taker' during its first two decades as a member, but, over time, also becoming a 'rule-shaker' inside the BWIs, and ultimately a new 'rule-maker' outside of the BWIs. The analysis highlights China's exercise of 'two-way countervailing power' with one foot inside the BWIs, and another outside, and pushing for changes in both directions. China's interventions have resulted in BWs reforms and the gradual transformation of the global order, while also generating counter-reactions especially from the United States. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Received theories of self-deception are problematic. The traditional view, according to which self-deceivers intend to deceive themselves, generates paradoxes: you cannot deceive yourself intentionally because you know your own plans and intentions. Non-traditional views argue that self-deceivers act intentionally but deceive themselves unintentionally or that self-deception is not intentional at all. The non-traditional approaches do not generate paradoxes, but they entail that people can deceive themselves by accident or by mistake, which is controversial. The author argues that a functional analysis of deception solves these problems. On the functional view, a certain thing is deceptive if and only if its function is to mislead; hence, while (self-)deception may but need not be intended, it is never accidental or a mistake. Also, self-deceivers need not benefit from deception and they need not end up with epistemically unjustified beliefs; rather, they must 'not be themselves'. Finally, self-deception need not be adaptive.
A collection of some of the best papers presented at the 25th British Legal History Conference at Queen's University Belfast in July 2022, Law and Constitutional Change examines the role that law plays when countries experience a major constitutional upheaval. It examines the interaction of law and politics in history across different legal jurisdictions with different legal traditions. The theme of the conference was 'Law and Constitutional Change' and was inspired by the decade of anniversaries in Ireland (2012–2022) commemorating events from a century ago that began with the Home Rule Crisis and ended with the partition of the country. It studies the changes that occurred at that time in a wider British and Irish as well as international context, with a view to deepening understanding of contemporary debates such as those surrounding Brexit and its longer-term implications. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Teaching fundamental design concepts and the challenges of emerging technology, this textbook prepares students for a career designing the computer systems of the future. Self-contained yet concise, the material can be taught in a single semester, making it perfect for use in senior undergraduate and graduate computer architecture courses. This edition has a more streamlined structure, with the reliability and other technology background sections now included in the appendix. New material includes a chapter on GPUs, providing a comprehensive overview of their microarchitectures; sections focusing on new memory technologies and memory interfaces, which are key to unlocking the potential of parallel computing systems; deeper coverage of memory hierarchies including DRAM architectures, compression in memory hierarchies and an up-to-date coverage of prefetching. Practical examples demonstrate concrete applications of definitions, while the simple models and codes used throughout ensure the material is accessible to a broad range of computer engineering/science students.
This Element weaves together literatures on autochthony and belonging and on African urbanism to shed new light on the ability of the African state to undertake development interventions in some of the most important urban centers on the continent. It explains variations in levels of trust in the African state that shape neighborhoods' responses to states' development interventions. Focusing on the Senegalese state's construction of the VDN 2 highway on the outskirts of the capital, Dakar, the author argues that in major African cities with colonial origins, whether neighborhoods project themselves as 'autochthonous' or 'migrant' communities shapes general attitudes toward the state and influences the capacity of the state to carry out development interventions in these areas. In these cities, states are more likely to successfully intervene in neighborhoods dominated by 'new' migrants to the city than in those neighborhoods that portray themselves as 'autochthones' of these cities.