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How did steam transportation and print culture reshape the Ottoman Empire's centre-periphery relations in the nineteenth century? Challenging the Caliphate offers a fresh perspective on modernization in the Muslim world, exploring how these developments in infrastructure, technology, and communications impacted ideas of the Caliphate, Wahhabism, and Mahdism. Through rich archival research and microhistorical examples, Ömer Koçyiğit demonstrates how new technologies influenced political authority, religious movements, and the spread of ideas. Koçyiğit further explores how the Ottoman Empire dealt with the rise of the Wahhabi movement in the Najd and the Mahdi movement in Sudan. This study situates the Ottoman experience within global transformations, offering a deeper understanding of state, resistance, and connectivity while highlighting how emerging technologies shaped the modern Muslim world.
How were environments and politics remade by sovereigns, floods, mapmakers, migrants, rioters, and writers during wetland improvement projects in early modern England? Violent Waters examines flagship ventures which promised to transform unruly fenland fringes into orderly terrain at the heart of national power and productivity. In practice, these projects sparked constitutional controversy, new floods, and huge riots. The first state-led project in Hatfield Level brought local, national, and transnational interests into contact and conflict for almost a century. Elly Robson Dezateux traces the environmental politics that emerged as water and land were constructed and contested, both mentally and materially. These disputes pivoted on urgent questions about risk and justice, which became entangled in civil war conflict and exposed the limits of central authority and technology. Ultimately, improvement was destabilised by a lack of legitimacy and the dynamism of local custom as a method of environmental management and collective action. Wetland communities, as much as improvers and sovereigns, remade the terrain of politics and the future of the fens.
How did Huguenots stay connected in the 16th-century? And how did they maintain clandestine religious and political networks across Europe? Beginning with the chance discovery of an intriguing interrogation document smuggled from France to England in a basket of cheese, this study explores the importance of truth and secrecy within Huguenot information networks. Penny Roberts provides new insights into the transnational operation of agents: fanning out from confessional conflicts in Normandy to incorporate exiles in England, scholars and diplomats in Germany, the Swiss cantons and the Netherlands, and spy networks operating between France and Scotland. Above all, this study uncovers the primary role played by Huguenot ministers in maintaining and nurturing these connections at considerable danger to themselves, mobilising secrecy in the service of truth. As a result, Huguenot Networks provides greater understanding of confessional connections within Reformation Europe, demonstrating how these networks were sustained through the efforts of those whose contribution often remains hidden.
Rigorously revised, with brand new chapters on additional private sources of funding, due diligence, sustainable finance, and deep tech investing, the second edition of this successful textbook provides a cutting-edge, practical, and comprehensive review of the financing of entrepreneurial ventures. From sourcing and obtaining funds, to financial tools for growing and managing the financial challenges and opportunities of the startup, this engaging text will help entrepreneurs, students, and early-stage investors to make sound financial decisions at every stage of a business' life. The text is grounded in sound theoretical foundations with a strong European perspective and reference to the Middle East and Africa. New case studies and success stories, and up-to-date perspectives from experts and the media, provide real-world applications, while a wealth of activities give students abundant opportunities to apply what they have learned. A must-have text for graduate and undergraduate students in entrepreneurship, finance, and management programmes, as well as aspiring entrepreneurs and early-stage investors in any field.
Indicating and depicting are widely understood to be fundamental, meaningful components of everyday spoken language discourse: a speaker's arms and hands are free to indicate and depict because they do not articulate words. In contrast, a signer's arms and hands do articulate signs. For this reason, linguists studying sign languages have overwhelmingly concluded that signers do not indicate and depict as a part of signed articulations. This book demonstrates that signers do, however, indicate - by incorporating non-lexical gestures into their articulations of individual signs. Fully illustrated throughout, it also shows that signers create depictions in numerous ways through conceptualizations, in which the hands, other parts of the body, and parts of the space ahead of the signer depict things. By establishing that indicating and depicting are also fundamental, meaningful aspects of sign language discourse, this book is essential reading for researchers and students of sign linguistics and gesture studies.
Biological sex is central to our continued existence. Yet the mechanism that determines sex, rather than being rational and conserved, is a battlefield of warring genes, sexual antagonism, unbalanced expression and self-destructing sex chromosomes that come in bewildering varieties.Drawing on 50 years of research in three fields in which the author has played key roles, this unique book explores the function, activity and evolution of sex genes and chromosomes in humans and other animals. Providing eye-witness stories of early discoveries and modern genomic insights, it examines how genes and chromosomes determine sex; delving into key breakthroughs, theories on gene and chromosome function, and the enormous scope for variation in body traits and behaviour.Reflecting the huge advances in genetics and genomics that help explain the wonders of human existence and evolution, this book is a fascinating resource for anyone interested in the biology of sex– particularly students and researchers in reproduction, genetics and evolution.
On the northern periphery of Nairobi, in southern Kiambu County, the city's expansion into a landscape of poor smallholders is bringing new opportunities, dilemmas, and conflicts. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Peter Lockwood examines how Kiambu's 'workers with patches of land' struggle to sustain their households as the skyrocketing price of land ratchets up gendered and generational tensions within families. The sale of ancestral land by senior men turns would-be inheritors, their young adult sons, into landless and land-poor paupers, heightening their exposure to economic precarity. Peasants to Paupers illuminates how these dynamics are lived at the site of kinship, how moral principles of patrilineal obligation and land retention fail in the face of market opportunity. Caught between joblessness, land poverty and the breakdown of kinship, the book shows how Kiambu's young men struggle to sustain hopes for middle-class lifestyles as the economic ground shifts beneath their feet.This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In Saints as Divine Evidence, Robert MacSwain explores 'the hagiological argument' for God, that is, human holiness as evidence for divinity. Providing an overview of the contested place of evidence in religious belief, and a case study of someone whose short but compelling life allegedly bore witness to the reality of God, MacSwain then surveys sainthood as understood in philosophy of religion, ethics, Christian theology, church history, comparative religion, and cultural studies. With epistemological and hagiological frameworks established, he further identifies and analyses three distinct forms of the argument, which he calls the 'propositional', the 'perceptual', and the 'performative'. Each version understands both evidence and sainthood differently, and the relevant concepts include exemplarity, inference, altruism, perception, religious experience, performativity, narrative, witness, and embodiment. MacSwain's study expands the standard list of theistic arguments and moves the discussion from purely logical and empirical considerations to include spiritual, ethical, and personal issues as well.
In a time of great contest and confusion over the future of democracy as a governing principle, the example of Abraham Lincoln continues to provide encouragement and direction about democracy's viability in the face of immense challenges. In The Political Writings of Abraham Lincoln, Allen Guelzo brings into one volume Lincoln's most famous political documents and speeches from his earliest days as a political candidate under the banner of the Whig Party, to his election and service as the first anti-slavery Republican president, from 1861 to 1865, and the nation's leader in the fiery trial of civil war. While many anthologies of Lincoln's political documents routinely concentrate on his presidential years or only on his anti-slavery writings, Guelzo concentrates on documents from Lincoln's earliest political activity as an Illinois state legislator in the 1830s up through his presidency. The result is an accessible resource for students, researchers, and general readers.
What if we don't need 'miracle technologies' to solve the climate problem? What if the technologies we need are already available? And what if we can use those existing technologies to ensure reliable electricity, heat supplies, and energy security? In a revised and updated edition of his award-winning climate bestseller, No Miracles Needed, the world's premier thinker on energy futures and one of the world's 100 most impactful people in the world in 2023, Mark Z. Jacobson reveals how nations, communities, and individuals can solve the climate crisis most effectively, while simultaneously eliminating air pollution and providing energy security. Mark explains how existing technologies can harness, store, and transmit energy from wind, water, and solar sources to ensure reliable electricity and heat supplies. It includes new, cutting-edge technologies, additional new real-life case studies about the solutions, and additional references. Written for everyone who cares about the future of our planet, this book advises individuals, policymakers, communities, and nations about what they can do to solve the problems identified, and the economic, health, and climate benefits of the solutions.
What is the basis of English national identity? How has this changed over time, and what is its future? Tracing the history of English identity over more than 2,000 years, Think of England explores how being English has been understood as belonging to a nation, a people, or a race. Paul Kléber Monod examines the ancient and medieval inventions of a British and ethnic Anglo-Saxon identity, before documenting the violent creation of an English ethnic state within Britain, and the later extension of that imperial power into the wider world. Monod analyses the persistence of a specifically English language of cultural identity after 1707 and the revival of English racial identity during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, highlighting the crucial role of imperial expansion and the recurring myth of “little England” pitted against larger enemies. Turning to the revival of English identity in the twenty-first century, this study raises probing questions about the resurgence and future of a divisive concept.
Labor in Hard Times examines how organized labor in Turkey and the United Kingdom turned to international human rights law in response to domestic repression and neoliberal restructuring. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and a unique database of labor rights cases, the book traces how workers used litigation at the European Court of Human Rights not just to win legal victories, but to build political pressure, assert legitimacy, and reclaim space for collective action. Focusing on public sector unionists in Turkey and blacklisted construction workers in the UK, it offers a rare view of how grassroots activists and lawyers mobilized international law as a tactical resource: Workers engaged rights discourse strategically to pursue concrete goals, while remaining rooted in class-based solidarity. With vivid case studies, this book speaks to readers interested in international courts, human rights, and the evolving strategies of labor movements in an era of democratic backsliding and global inequality.
From the rise of China as a technological superpower, to wars on its eastern borders, to the belief that the US is no longer a reliable ally, the European Commission sees the world as more unstable than at any other time in recent history. As such, the Commission has become the Geopolitical Commission, working to serve the interests of the Geopolitical Union. Central to many of these conflicts is technology – who produces it, where it is produced, and who controls it. These questions are central to the Commission's pursuit of digital/technological sovereignty, Europe's attempt to regain control of technology regulation. Focusing on topics such as setting technological standards, ensuring access to microchips, reining in online platforms, and securing rules for industrial data and AI, this book explores the EU's approach to lawmaking in this field; increased regulatory oversight and promotion of industrial policy at home, while exporting its rules abroad.
The first of its kind, this textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of semantics and pragmatics from an interactionist perspective, grounded entirely on empirical methods of social/behavioural science. Designed for advanced undergraduate students, beginning graduate students, and practicing researchers, it responds to the growing requirement that rather than relying on their own native speaker intuitions, students gather and analyze semantic data in a broad range of research contexts, from fieldwork to psycholinguistic and child language research. Practical in its approach, it provides the tools that the advanced student needs in order to 'do' this semantic research, in both field and laboratory contexts. This is facilitated by an innovative view of meaning that combines reference and mental representations as aspects of communicative interaction. It is accompanied by a glossary of terms and a range of exercises for students, along with model answers to the exercises for instructors.
This multilayered work follows a group of Guantanamo detainees from a single Middle Eastern country, Kuwait, portraying their lives before their capture, to their experience at Guantanamo, to their ultimate release and the lives they have been challenged in remaking after returning home. It is an intimate look at real men held for years without charge and without hope. Eric L. Lewis has represented Guantanamo detainees for more than twenty years and he conducted the hearings that gained the release of the last two Kuwaiti 'forever prisoners.' As part of a committed team, he spent time with these men and their families, fighting to gain access to courts and navigating the politics and diplomacy of the Global War on Terror. As well as telling the story of his time with the Guantanamo detainees, Lewis also analyzes how Guantanamo has changed American law and culture, and how its legacy continues today.
This undergraduate biological psychology textbook offers a critical introduction to brain and behavior. Psychology lectures open with 'the brain is the most complex and mysterious object in the universe', only to quickly reduce that complexity by teaching simplified models. This textbook challenges these narratives by focusing on the latest neurotechnological advances, to clarify the limits of current models, and to inspire the development of safe and accessible technologies for human use. Its central aim is to promote critical thinking and inspire students to pose novel research questions that build from current advances. It is an ideal textbook for instructors who are eager to push beyond a conventional introductory curriculum. Beautifully illustrated and full of practical applications, it is accompanied by teaching slides and a test bank.
Since the end of the Second World War, restitution in Germany – Wiedergutmachung – has been mainly understood as part of state or private law. This book offers a different approach, arguing that authors and artists have also taken up a responsibility for restitution. Deploying the literal translation 'making-good-again', this book focuses on the 'making' of law, literature and visual art to argue that restitution is a practice which is found in different genres, sites and temporalities. The practices of restitution identified are dynamic, iterative and incomplete: they are practices of failure. Nevertheless, in this book, the question of how to conduct restitution emerges as a material question of responsibility asked through the making of texts and objects in different genres, including law. The resulting text is a unique expansion and re-conceptualisation of the practices of jurisprudence, restitution and responsibility in the context of the aftermath in Germany. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Across the world, the significance or role of Constitutions is too often understood in ways that ignore how they actually touch the lives or shape the political imaginations of ordinary people. Similarly, countries in the Global South, those that are not conventional liberal democracies, and those that have recently experienced conflict are generally underrepresented in the comparative constitutional law literature. Drawing on ethnographic insights and case-studies in Cambodia, this book provides a socio-legal account of constitutional practice under authoritarian rule and sheds light on how otherwise overlooked actors engage with constitutional language and assert constitutional agency. The Cambodian constitution is often dismissed as irrelevant, but its promises, principles and specific provisions actually matter deeply, both to the politically engaged and to ordinary people. This book highlights how many everyday contestations – over politics, religion and culture – take place In the Shadow of the Constitution.
Reading Biblical Greek is aimed at students who are studying New Testament Greek for the first time, or refreshing what they once learned. Designed to supplement and reinforce The Elements of New Testament Greek, by Jeremy Duff, each chapter of this textbook provides lengthy, plot-driven texts that will be accessible as students study each chapter of The Elements. Each text is accompanied by detailed questions, which test comprehension of content from recent lessons and review challenging topics from previous chapters. The graded nature of the texts, together with the copious notes and comprehension questions, makes this an ideal resource for learning, reviewing or re-entering Greek. The focus of this resource is on reading with understanding, and the exercises highlight how Greek texts convey meaning. Finally, this book moves on from first-year Greek, with sections that cover the most important advanced topics thoroughly.