Did women’s suffrage affect media sentiment toward voting rights and narratives about women more generally? I identify pro- and anti-suffrage language using publications that explicitly argued for or against early voting reform. I then measure media sentiment using language in newspapers and topic modeling to identify common themes about either suffrage or women. Difference-in-differences estimates show that newspaper coverage of suffrage increased when women won the vote but then declined below baseline. Newspaper sentiment moved in opposition to the status quo, with average sentiment becoming more anti-suffrage. Lastly, suffrage increased discussions of women in politics for several years.

Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP) under the distribution semantics is a leading approach to practical reasoning under uncertainty. An advantage of the distribution semantics is its suitability for implementation as a Prolog or Python library, available through two well-maintained implementations, namely ProbLog and cplint/PITA. However, current formulations of the distribution semantics use point-probabilities, making it difficult to express epistemic uncertainty, such as arises from, for example, hierarchical classifications from computer vision models. Belief functions generalize probability measures as non-additive capacities and address epistemic uncertainty via interval probabilities. This paper introduces interval-based Capacity Logic Programs based on an extension of the distribution semantics to include belief functions and describes properties of the new framework that make it amenable to practical applications.

For nearly a decade, the concept of feminist foreign policy1 (FFP) has garnered global attention, with numerous countries adopting or expressing the intent to adopt such policies. However, the roles of Africans within these discourses, as both target and agents of FFP, has been uncertain. The particular attention paid by FFP to the Global South makes the exclusion of African knowledges especially jarring.

This article examines the earliest known corpus of Chinese poetry written in the Spanish Philippines, preserved in Diego de Rueda y Mendoza’s Relación verdadera de las exequias funerales (1625), composed to commemorate the death of King Philip III. Among the numerous multilingual tributes collected in the manuscript, six poems were authored by members of the Sangley (Chinese) community in Manila—some Christianised, others gentile—marking a significant moment in the history of transcultural mourning, poetic diplomacy, and Chinese literary expression in a colonial Iberian setting. Three of the poems are written in classical Chinese and exhibit sophisticated Buddhist and literary references; the other three, composed in Spanish by Sangley authors, reflect a hybridised voice grounded in baroque rhetorical tradition. Rueda’s accompanying prose ‘translation’ of the Chinese poems reveals both a willingness to engage Chinese expression and a limited understanding of its linguistic and cultural nuances. This study offers a close reading of the Chinese poems, demonstrating how they employ imagery rich in Buddhist meaning, reflecting the Chinese cultural understanding of imperial rulership. It also compares these verses to their Spanish counterparts and Rueda’s summaries, revealing both overlap and erasure. The article argues that these poems, far from being mere colonial curiosities, testify to the complex cultural agency of Manila’s Chinese community and challenge dominant narratives of Hispanisation. Ultimately, the manuscript preserves a unique instance of literary and political negotiation that sheds light on the layered identities of early modern Chinese in the Philippines.

We analyzed the diagnostic yield of repeat urine cultures in a retrospective study of adult inpatients. Most urine cultures repeated at less than 6 days provided redundant information. This was true whether the index culture was positive or negative, and whether the threshold for positivity was 10,000 or 100,000 CFU/mL.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is syndrome that affects several organs. Cardiac manifestations include rhabdomyoma, which could lead to intracardiac obstruction of blood flow. In the present case, the so far lowest documented Everolimus blood level of 2–3 ng/ml led to tumour regression. Repeated Everolimus stopping and restarting for clinical reasons serves as a proof-of-concept for Everolimus therapy in tuberous sclerosis complex.

In the present study, we investigate the relation between temperature ($T^{\prime}$) and streamwise velocity ($u^{\prime}$) fluctuations by assessing the state-of-the-art Reynolds analogy models. These analyses are conducted on three levels: in the statistical sense, in spectral space and via the distribution characteristics of temperature fluctuations. It is observed that the model proposed by Huang et al. (HSRA) (1995 J. Fluid Mech. 305, 185–218), is the only model that works well for both channel flows and turbulent boundary layers in the statistical sense. In spectral space, the intensities of $T^{\prime}$ at small scales are discovered to be larger than the predictions of these models, whereas those at scales corresponding to the energy-containing eddies and the large-scale motions are approximately equal to and smaller than the predictions of the HSRA, respectively. The success of the HSRA arises from this combined effect. In compressible turbulent boundary layers, the relationship between the intensities of positive temperature and negative velocity fluctuations is found to be well described by a model proposed by Gaviglio (1987 Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer, 30, 911–926), whereas that between negative temperature and positive velocity fluctuations is accurately depicted by the HSRA. The streamwise length scale, rather than the spanwise length scale, is found to be more suitable for characterising the scale characteristics of the $u^{\prime}-T^{\prime}$ relation in spectral space. Combining these observations and a newly proposed modified generalised Reynolds analogy (Cheng & Fu 2024 J. Fluid Mech. 999, A20), models regarding the relations in spectral space for both compressible channel flows and turbulent boundary layers are developed, and a strategy for generating more reliable temperature fluctuations as the inlet boundary condition for simulations of compressible boundary layers is also suggested.

The term resilience has begun to proliferate in regional economic literature over the last decade as more and more authors have sought to connect the term to economic shocks. Resilience as a concept is not new, particularly for ecology and engineering, but its use in regional economic analysis is more recent. Many authors have sought to define and measure the resilience of regions to exogenous shocks, utilizing multifaceted interdisciplinary approaches. This paper uses a bibliometric approach to conduct an in-depth critical review of both the definitions and metrics associated with regional resilience. We found 98 unique studies that were reviewed to collate and analyze methods and indicators used to measure regional economic resilience. Our analysis identified 202 unique metrics (e.g., educational attainment) associated with regional economic resilience that can be aggregated into 15 overarching themes (e.g., demographics), and represented in 3 distinct clusters (e.g., community development).

It is shown that the Fourier sine transform, $\mathcal{F}_S [f(t)](\omega )$ on $\mathbb {R}_0^+$, of any given real-valued function $f(t)$ that does not vanish at $t=0$ or has a nonvanishing even-order derivative at $t=0$, has a definite sign at least for $\omega> \omega _0$, where $\omega _0$ can be estimated. Similarly, the cosine transform, $\mathcal{F}_C [f(t)](\omega )$, of functions with a nonvanishing odd-order derivative at zero also has a definite sign for sufficiently large $\omega $. Several examples are given.

This study examines how infant temperament, particularly fear, influences physiological improvements in infants following maternal postpartum depression (PPD) treatment. Forty infants of birthing parents with major depressive disorder and 40 healthy controls were recruited. Parents with PPD participated in a nine-week cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention. Infant emotion regulation was assessed using high-frequency heart-rate variability (HF-HRV) and frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) at baseline (T1), immediately post-treatment (T2), and three months later (T3). Birthing parents also reported on their infant’s temperamental fear using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Short-Form at these times. A significant increase in HF-HRV was observed immediately after treatment in the PPD group which persisted at T3. While no Group × Visit × Fear interaction emerged from repeated measure models, follow-up regression analyses within the PPD group revealed that higher baseline fear was associated with smaller increases in HF-HRV from T1 to T2 or T3. Although FAA shifted leftward over time, fear did not significantly predict FAA changes. No associations between fear and physiology were observed in the control group. The study suggests that infant fear may reduce the physiological benefits of maternal PPD treatment for infants, underscoring the importance of considering infant characteristics when assessing the impact of maternal PPD interventions.

Diplomatic events are frequently cited as key determinants of public opinion on foreign countries. However, the process of political socialisation also plays a critical role in shaping such views over time. In this study, we examine trends in Japanese perceptions of China, Russia, and, as a comparative background, the U.S., focusing on the influences of age, period, and cohort effects. Utilising data from the Pew Research Center’s Global Attitude & Trends Survey (2007–2022), we apply the hierarchical age–period–cohort model to disentangle these three effects. Our findings indicate that while the older tend to hold more negative views of these three countries, the influence of age appears weaker than initially hypothesised. While major international crises tend to worsen perceptions across the board, regional disputes exert additional fluctuations (period effect). In comparison to the age and the period effects, cohort effects reveal a generational divide: First, contrasting with the U.S. case, different cohorts exhibit different perceptions toward China and Russia. Second, those born before or after the Cold War generally have more positive attitudes towards the two countries than those born during it. Notably, regional events appear to have little impact on these cohort-based attitudes. We also find that the age effect is more pronounced in the case of Russia, while period and cohort effects are more significant in the case of China. Our conclusions remain robust when controlling for other demographic factors. This study provides a temporal dynamics of Japanese foreign perceptions, utilising sociological methods to explore issues within international relations.

Some cadres receive promotions, whereas others do not. This study explores the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) personnel control over the central state-owned enterprise (SOE) leaders from the Hu era to the Xi era. An analysis of the résumés and careers of SOE leaders reveals that the CCP has established a dual-track system to manage enterprises with different functions. This system employs two types of incentives: promotion incentives for leaders of eldest-son enterprises associated with national security, and salary incentives for leaders of other enterprises. Through the dual-track system, the CCP aims to influence the career trajectories of SOE leaders and address conflicts of interest in the principal-agent relationship. This study also investigates the individual characteristics of SOE leaders, including their political qualifications, professional qualifications and ages. The results indicate a tendency towards specialization and institutionalization in central-enterprise leaders, even during the Xi era.

This study examines Israeli judges’ incorporation of the Arabic language and Islamic religious sources in court rulings within Israel and the West Bank military courts. Analysing seventy-eight judicial decisions (1997–2024) and interviews with legal professionals, we identify six themes motivating this practice: persuasion, authority reinforcement, cultural bridging, mutual respect, substantiation and alternative reasoning. Both Arab and Jewish judges employ this approach across criminal, family and civil law cases. This linguistic and cultural integration enhances court decision legitimacy among Arabic-speaking litigants and fosters intercultural understanding within the legal system. The study contributes to discussions on legal pluralism, judicial behaviour and the role of language in multicultural judicial systems, illuminating how the Israeli legal system navigates its multicultural reality and the interplay between law, language and cultural identity.