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Chapter 38 - Body Image Flexibility and Inflexibility Scale (BIFIS)

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Virginia Ramseyer Winter
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Tracy L. Tylka
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Antoinette M. Landor
Affiliation:
University of Missouri
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Summary

The 24-item Body Image Flexibility and Inflexibility Scale (BIFIS; Brichacek et al., 2023) measures body image flexibility (i.e., openly experiencing negative body image thoughts, feelings, emotions, and sensations as they arise while connecting with a broader sense of self and personal values) and body image inflexibility (i.e., resisting, or getting stuck in, negative body-related experiences and disconnecting from important areas of life) as two distinct ways of responding to body image threats. The BIFIS was developed for adolescents and emerging adults (aged 11 to 30 years), is free to use, and can be administered online or in-person. This chapter describes the adaptation and development of the BIFIS and provides evidence of its psychometrics. The BIFIS has a hierarchical factor structure (two higher-order body image flexibility and inflexibility factors, each comprising four subfactors) and demonstrates measurement invariance across binary genders and age cohorts, and over time. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity support the use of the BIFIS with young people. This chapter includes the BIFIS items, response scale, and instructions for administration and scoring. Logistics of use, including permissions, copyright, and contact information, are also provided.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Brichacek, A. L., Neill, J. T., Murray, K., Rieger, E., & Watsford, C. (2023). Ways of responding to body image threats: Development of the Body Image Flexibility and Inflexibility Scale for youth. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 30, 3140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.08.007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brichacek, A. L., Neill, J. T., Murray, K., Rieger, E., & Watsford, C. (2024). The distinct affect regulation functions of body image flexibility and inflexibility: A prospective study in adolescents and emerging adults. Body Image, 50, 101726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodgers, R. F., Simone, M., Franko, D. L., Eisenberg, M. E., Loth, K., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2021). The longitudinal relationship between family and peer teasing in young adulthood and later unhealthy weight control behaviors: The mediating role of body image. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 54(5), 831840. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, C. B., Webb, J. B., & Jafari, N. (2018). A systematic review of the roles of body image flexibility as correlate, moderator, mediator, and in intervention science (2011–2018). Body Image, 27, 4360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rolffs, J. L., Rogge, R. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2016). Disentangling components of flexibility via the hexaflex model: Development and validation of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Assessment, 25(4), 458482. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116645905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandoz, E. K., Wilson, K. G., Merwin, R. M., & Kellum, K. K. (2013). Assessment of body image flexibility: The Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2(1–2), 39–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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