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152493 results in Classical Studies

Page 177 of 7625

The Narrative Conflict of Traditions in the Late Antique World
  • Cyril versus Julian
  • Brad Boswell
  • Published online:
    22 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
  • Intellectual conflict between Early Christians and pagans was not uncommon during the first centuries of the Christian era, as is amply reflected in writings from this period. In this study, Brad Boswell deepens our understanding of the nature and aims of such conflict through a study of two key texts: Against the Galileans, by Roman Emperor Julian 'the Apostate,' and Against Julian, by bishop Cyril of Alexandria written nearly a century later. Drawing from Alasdair MacIntyre's  philosophy of conflict between traditions, he explores how both texts were an exercise in 'narrative conflict' whose aim was to demonstrate the superior explanatory power of their respective traditions' narrative. Acknowledging the shared cultural formation between a pagan like Julian and a Christian like Cyril, Boswell challenges interpretive models emphasizing the points of commonality between the traditions. He offers a fresh approach to Julian's anti-Christian writings, provides the foundational  analysis of Cyril's little-studied treatise, and invites reconsideration of the emerging Christian tradition within its intellectual contexts.
Plato's Unwritten Doctrines

Plato's Unwritten Doctrines
  • Carl Séan O'Brien
  • Published online:
    22 September 2025
    Print publication:
    16 October 2025
  • This Element examines the arguments advanced by the Tübingen-Milan School in support of the claim that Plato had Unwritten Doctrines (agrapha dogmata), revealed in Aristotle and other testimonia and indicated – but not explicitly treated – in some of his dialogues. The Unwritten Doctrines are primarily concerned with Plato's Theory of Principles of (the One and the Indefinite Dyad) which accounts for unity and multiplicity respectively. This Element considers two opposing approaches to reading Plato: that of sola scriptura (through the writings alone) or via the tradition. While it may appear counter-intuitive to privilege other sources over Plato's own works, his criticism of writing in the Phaedrus and the 'deliberate gaps', where he teases the reader with the possibility of a fuller response than that provided on the current occasion, firmly indicate the existence of doctrines not committed to his dialogues.

  • PHOTOGRAPHING A SUNBURNT COUNTRY: A STUDY OF THOMAS ASHBY’S AUSTRALIAN SERIES

  • Nicole Moffatt
  • Journal:
    Papers of the British School at Rome / Volume 93 / October 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 September 2025, pp. 229-269
    Print publication:
    October 2025

  • In a quiet corner of the British School at Rome’s photographic archives, the story of Thomas Ashby’s remarkable voyage to Australia in 1914 lay hidden for nearly a century. At that time, he was the BSR’s Director, and, after he died in 1931, a series of his unlabelled photographs was passed on to the School. Establishing the context for each of its 61 images has extended our understanding of Ashby, his time in Australia- and his work well beyond Rome and the Mediterranean. The series brings into view the global history of the BSR and its earliest efforts to develop international academic networks.

God, Slavery, and Early Christianity
  • Divine Possession and Ethics in the Shepherd of Hermas
  • Chance E. Bonar
  • Published online:
    19 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
  • Ancient Christians understood themselves to be enslaved to God, an attitude that affected their ethics, theology, and self-understanding. This widespread belief is made especially clear in the Shepherd of Hermas, an overlooked early Christian text written by an enslaved person, which was nearly included in the New Testament. In this book, Chance Bonar provides a robust analysis of the ancient discourses and practices of slavery found in the Shepherd of Hermas. He shows how the text characterizes God's enslaved persons as useful, loyal property who could be put to work, surveilled, and disciplined throughout their lives – and the afterlife. Bonar also investigates the notion that God enslaved believers, which allowed the Shepherd to theorize key early Christian concepts more deeply and in light of ancient Mediterranean slavery. Bonar's study clarifies the depth to which early Christians were entrenched – intellectually, practically, and theologically – in Roman slave society. It also demonstrates how the Shepherd offers new approaches to early Christian literary and historical interpretation.
Peasant Economies and Societies in Ancient Roman Iberia

Peasant Economies and Societies in Ancient Roman Iberia
  • Jesús Bermejo Tirado, Ignasi Grau Mira
  • Published online:
    19 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
  • This Element revisits the historiographical and archaeological paradigms of Roman rural economies, with a particular focus on the peasant communities of Roman Iberia. Traditionally overshadowed by the dominance of the villa schiavistica model, which centers on large-scale slave-operated agricultural estates, recent interdisciplinary research has unveiled the complexity and persistence of peasant economies. By integrating data from archaeological surveys, rescue excavations, and textual analyses, this volume highlights the significance of dispersed settlements, small-scale farms, and sustainable agrarian strategies that defined the peasant landscape. Case studies from diverse sectors of the Iberian Peninsula demonstrate diverse modes of land use, such as intensive cultivation, crop rotation, and manuring, which contrast with the economic assumptions tied to elite-dominated production models. Furthermore, the author explores Roman peasants' socio-economic structures and adaptive strategies, emphasizing their pivotal role in shaping landscapes. This Element advocates for reexamining Roman peasantries as active and complex agents in ancient history.

Page 177 of 7625