Neural network (NN)-based control policies have proven their advantages in cyber-physical systems (CPS). When an NN-based policy fails to fulfill a formal specification, engineers leverage NN repair algorithms to fix its behaviors. However, such repair techniques risk breaking the existing correct behaviors, losing not only correctness but also verifiability of initial state subsets. That is, the repair may introduce new risks, previously unaccounted for. In response, we formalize the problem of Repair with Preservation (RwP) and develop Incremental Simulated Annealing Repair (ISAR). ISAR is an NN repair algorithm that aims to preserve correctness and verifiability — while repairing as many failures as possible. Our algorithm leverages simulated annealing on a barriered energy function to safeguard the already-correct initial states while repairing as many additional ones as possible. Moreover, formal verification is utilized to guarantee the repair results. ISAR is compared to a reviewed set of state-of-the-art algorithms, including (1) reinforcement learning based techniques (STLGym and F-MDP), (2) supervised learning-based techniques (MIQP and minimally deviating repair), and (3) online shielding techniques (tube MPC shielding). Upon evaluation on two standard benchmarks, OpenAI Gym mountain car and an unmanned underwater vehicle, ISAR not only preserves correct behaviors from previously verified initial state regions, but also repairs 81.4% and 23.5% of broken state spaces in the two benchmarks. Moreover, the signal temporal logic (STL) robustness of the ISAR-repaired policies is higher than the baselines.

The crystal structure of a new form of racemic reboxetine mesylate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Reboxetine mesylate crystallizes in space group P21/c (#14) with a = 14.3054(8), b = 18.0341(4), c = 16.7924(11) Å, β = 113.4470(17)°, V = 3,974.47(19) Å3, and Z = 8 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of double columns of anions and cations along the a-axis. Strong N–H···O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into zig-zag chains along the a-axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD®) for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of tafamidis has been independently resolved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Tafamidis crystallizes in space group P21/c (#14) with a = 3.787093(6), b = 14.97910(4), c = 22.93751(7) Å, β = 90.92672(19)°, V = 1,301.012(4) Å3, and Z = 4 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of stacks of molecules along the a-axis. The molecules are inclined to this axis; the mean plane is (−4, 2, 11). Strong centrosymmetric O–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds exist between carboxylic acid groups. The molecules are linked along the b-axis by C–H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds. Two C–H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonds also contribute to the lattice energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of quizartinib hydrate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Quizartinib hydrate crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 13.9133(9), b = 17.877(3), c = 19.8459(30) Å, α = 115.080(5), β = 93.768(5), γ = 100.831(5)°, V = 4,332.1(6) Å3, and Z = 6 at 298 K. In the complex crystal structure, the molecules are generally oriented parallel to the (110) plane. Two of the independent molecules are linked into dimers by N–H···O or N–H···N hydrogen bonds. Each molecule exhibits a unique pattern of C–H···O, C–H···N, or C–H···S hydrogen bonds. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of cabotegravir has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Cabotegravir crystallizes in space group P21212 (#18) with a = 31.4706(11), b = 13.4934(3), c = 8.43811(12) Å, V = 3,583.201(18) Å3, and Z = 8 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of stacks of roughly parallel molecules along the c-axis. The molecules form layers parallel to the bc-plane. O–H···O hydrogen bonds link one of the two independent molecules into chains along the b-axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD®) for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Data mining for materials science and structure prediction is growing rapidly. Such an approach relies a lot on the available published and unpublished crystal structure. In this contribution, we are using the experimental pattern reported in the PDF entry 00-058-0728 for the experimental data used to solve the previously unreported crystal structure of RbCdVO4. Contrary to the reported literature, the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system P21 with Z = 4. The lattice parameters are a = 12.53678(16) Å, b = 5.82451(7) Å, c = 12.47733(17) Å, β = 105.6169(10)°, and V = 877.47(2) Å3. Its crystal structure type is new and quite complex as it exhibits 28 atoms in the asymmetric unit.

Many mission-critical systems today have stringent timing requirements. Especially for cyber-physical systems (CPS) that directly interact with real-world entities, violating correct timing may cause accidents, damage or endanger life, property or the environment. To ensure the timely execution of time-sensitive software, a suitable system architecture is essential. This paper proposes a novel conceptual system architecture based on well-established technologies, including transition systems, process algebras, Petri Nets and time-triggered communications (TTC). This architecture for time-sensitive software execution is described as a conceptual model backed by an extensive list of references and opens up several additional research topics. This paper focuses on the conceptual level and defers implementation issues to further research and subsequent publications.

We developed a method called “component decomposition” to extract the pattern of each component of the sample from the multiple powder X-ray diffraction data. Using the component decomposition and the Direct Derivation Method™, we analyze the behavior of phase transitions of trehalose during the changes in temperature and humidity. Because we do not require databases or standard samples, this method is a powerful tool for the quantification of polymorphs in samples containing multiple polymorphs.

The crystal structure of repotrectinib has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Repotrectinib crystallizes in the space group P212121 (#19) with a = 9.27406(5), b = 11.60810(8), c = 15.63623(8) Å, V = 1,683.306(20) Å3, and Z = 4 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of stacks of V-shaped molecules along the b-axis. One amino group acts as a donor to the carbonyl group to link the molecules into chains along the a-axis with a graph set C1,1(8). The second amino group forms two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of delamanid has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Solution and refinement of the structure presented significant difficulties, and the result should be considered proposed or approximate. Delamanid crystallizes in the space group P212121 (#19) with a = 67.3701(18), b = 12.86400(9), c = 5.65187(12) Å, V = 4,898.19(14) Å3, and Z = 8 at 295 K. There are two independent delamanid molecules, with different conformations, which are essentially identical in energy. The crystal structure consists of layers of delamanid molecules perpendicular to the a-axis. The imidazooxazole ring systems stack along the b-axis, and the trifluoromethyl groups make up the boundaries of the corrugated layers. There are no classical hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure. Eight C–H···O and one C–H···N hydrogen bonds contribute to the lattice energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of iprodione has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Iprodione crystallizes in the space group P21/c (#14) with a = 15.6469(3), b = 22.8436(3), c = 8.67226(10) Å, β = 94.1303(7)°, V = 3,091.70(9) Å3, and Z = 8 at 298 K. The crystal structure contains clusters of four iprodione molecules. The only two classical N–H···O hydrogen bonds in the structure are both intramolecular. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

We report the lattice parameters and cell volume for cristobalite powder added at 35 wt% to Ba-Al-Silicate glass (CGI930) as reflowed bulk glass bars where the embedded cristobalite phase is constrained within the glass matrix. Analysis confirms that the room temperature lattice parameters and cell volume obtained for the bulk glass–ceramic are larger compared with single-phase cristobalite powders. The increased volume of the cristobalite phase in a glass matrix is driven by tensile stresses developed at the interface between the cristobalite and matrix glass phase, and this stress impacts the phase transition temperature and thermal hysteresis of the cristobalite phase. In situ high-temperature measurements confirm that the tetragonal to cubic α–β phase transformation of the cristobalite phase within the glass matrix is ~195 °C with complete suppression of hysteresis behavior. In contrast, bulk glass–ceramic material ground to a powder form displays the expected thermal hysteresis behavior and more comparable phase transition temperatures of 245 °C on heating and 220 °C on cooling. Isothermal holds at varying temperatures above or near the α–β phase transition suggest that the cristobalite phase does not undergo significant relaxation within the matrix phase to reduce accumulated stress imposed by the constraining matrix glassy phase.

The crystal structure of palovarotene has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Palovarotene crystallizes in the space group P-1 (#2) with a = 10.2914(4), b = 11.8318(7), c = 11.9210(5) Å, α = 66.2327(11), β = 82.5032(9), γ = 65.3772(9)°, V = 1,206.442(28) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of chains of O–H···N hydrogen-bonded palovarotene molecules along the <0,−1,1 > axis; the graph set is C1,1(14). The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of fruquintinib Form I has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Fruquintinib Form I crystallizes in space group C2 (#5) with a = 35.4167(22), b = 3.90500(12), c = 26.9370(11) Å, β = 108.0290(22)°, V = 3,542.52(26) Å3, and Z = 8 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of double layers of each of the two independent molecules parallel to the ab-plane. These layers stack along the short b-axis. N–H···N hydrogen bonds link the layers. Most of the C–H···N and C–H···O hydrogen bonds are intramolecular. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

This work reports the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data recorded at room temperature (293 K) of dibromidodioxido-[(4,4′-di-tert-butyl)-2,2′-bipyridine]molybdenum(VI). The analysis of the powder diffraction pattern led to an orthorhombic united cell with parameters a = 17.9205(23) Å, b = 13.4451(16) Å, c = 18.1514(19) Å, V = 4,373.5(11) Å3, and values of Z = 8 and Z’ = 2. The crystal structure of this material corresponds to the structure of entry IFUJEC of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), determined at 90 K. The excellent Rietveld refinement, carried out with General Structure and Analysis Software II (GSAS-II), showed the single-phase nature of the material and the good quality of the data. This material was also characterized by elemental analysis, UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) techniques.

Bimetallic Pt nanoparticles play a critical role in various applications, including catalysis, chemical production, fuel cells, and biosensing. In this study, we start with Au@Pt core–shell structure and investigate the evolution of these nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. Our in-situ X-ray diffraction study at elevated temperatures concluded that the onset of Au–Pt alloying occurs between 500 and 600 °C. At higher temperatures, the nanoparticles gradually approached the state of a solid solution, but the composition across the nanoparticles was not uniform even at 1,000 °C. Our results suggest that the alloyed nanoparticles at high temperatures are dominated by one solid solution but contain distinct regions with slightly different compositions.