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Daniel Martin B.Sc., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.E. was born in Carluke on 16 April 1915, the only child of William and Rose Martin (née Macpherson). The family home in which he was born, Cygnetbank in Clyde Street, had been remodelled and extended by his father, and it was to be Dan's home all his life. His father, who was a carpenter and joiner, had a business based in School Lane, but died as a result of a tragic accident when Dan was only six. Thereafter Dan was brought up single handedly by his mother.
After attending primary school in Carluke from 1920 to 1927, Dan entered the High School of Glasgow. It was during his third year there that he started studying calculus on his own. He became so enthused by the subject that he set his sights on a career teaching mathematics, at university if at all possible. On leaving school in 1932, he embarked on the M.A. honours course in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow. At that time the Mathematics Department was under the leadership of Professor Thomas MacRobert; the honours course in Mathematics consisted mainly of geometry, calculus and analysis, and the combined honours M.A. with Natural Philosophy was the standard course for mathematicians. A highlight of his first session at university was attending a lecture on the origins of the general theory of relativity, given on 20th June 1933 by Albert Einstein. This was the first of a series of occasional lectures on the history of mathematics funded by the George A. Gibson Foundation which had been set up inmemory of the previous head of the Mathematics Department. From then on, relativity was to be one of Dan's great interests, lasting a lifetime; indeed, on holiday in Iona the year before he died, Dan's choice of holiday reading included three of Einstein's papers.
The weighted energy theory for Navier-Stokes equations in 2D strips is developed. Based on this theory, the existence of a solution in the uniformly local phase space (without any spatial decaying assumptions), its uniqueness and the existence of a global attractor are verified. In particular, this phase space contains the 2D Poiseuille flows.
Let X be a Banach function space over a nonatomic probability space. We investigate certain martingale inequalities in X that generalize those studied by A. M. Garsia. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on X for the inequalities to be valid.
Let , let be the quantum function algebra – over – associated to G, and let be the specialisation of the latter at a root of unity ϵ, whose order ℓ is odd. There is a quantum Frobenius morphism that embeds the function algebra of G, in as a central Hopf subalgebra, so that is a module over . When , it is known by [3], [4] that (the complexification of) such a module is free, with rank ℓdim(G). In this note we prove a PBW-like theorem for , and we show that – when G is Matn or GLn – it yields explicit bases of over . As a direct application, we prove that and are free Frobenius extensions over and , thus extending some results of [5].
Let S be a finite set of integers. We consider a problem of finding D(S), the minimum size of a set A, such that S⊆ A−A. We give a characterization for ‘extremal’ sets and prove lower and upper bounds on D(S) in terms of additive properties of S.
The first three chapters of this book are devoted to background material, notation, and preliminary results. The well-prepared reader may wish to proceed directly to Chapter 4 where the study of spline functions per se begins.
APPROXIMATION PROBLEMS
Functions are the basic mathematical tools for describing and analyzing many physical processes of interest. While in some cases these functions are known explicitly, very frequently it is necessary to construct approximations to them based on limited information about the underlying processes. Such approximation problems are a central part of applied mathematics.
There are two major categories of approximation problems. The first category consists of problems where it is required to construct an approximation to an unknown function based on some finite amount of data (often measurements) on the function. We call these data fitting problems. In such problems, the data are often subject to error or noise, and moreover, usually do not determine the function uniquely. Data fitting problems arise in virtually every branch of scientific endeavor.
The second main category of approximation problems arises from mathematical models for various physical processes. As these models usually involve operator equations that determine the unknown function, we refer to them as operator-equation problems. Examples include boundary-value problems for ordinary and partial differential equations, eigenvalue–eigenfunction problems, integro–differential equations, integral equations, optimal control problems, and so on. While there are many theoretical results on existence, uniqueness, and properties of solutions of such operator equations, usually only the simplest specific problems can be solved explicitly.
This book was originally published by Wiley-Interscience in 1981. A second edition was published in 1993 by Krieger. The two differ only in that a number of misprints were corrected. Both editions are now out of print. However, spline functions remain an active research area with important applications in a wide variety of fields, including some, such as Computer-Aided Geometric Design (CAGD) and Wavelets, which did not exist in 1981. This continued interest in the basic theory of splines was the motivation for preparing this third edition of the book.
There have been many developments in the theory of splines over the past twentyfive years. While it was not my intention of rewrite this book to cover all of these developments, David Tranah of Cambridge University Press convinced me that it would be useful to prepare a supplement to the book which gives an overview of the main developments with pointers to the literature. Tracking down this literature was a major undertaking, and more than 250 new references are included here. However, this is still far from a complete list. For an extended list, see the online bibliography at www.math.vanderbilt.edu/∼schumake/splinebib.html. I include links there to a similar bibliography for splines on triangulations, and to the much larger spline bibliography in TEX form maintained by Carl de Boor and I.
Interpolation, approximation, and the numerous other applications of splines are not treated in this book due to lack of space. Consequently, I have elected not to discuss them in the supplement either, and the newlist of references does not include any applied papers or books.