An examination of the fat-globule size distribution pattern has been made throughout the lactation for one quarter of one cow, samples being taken at different stages in the milking process using a normal milking machine with sampling device attached.

Severe losses are caused in some types of cheese by the growth of spore-forming anaerobes. The species most commonly involved is Clostridium butyricum and its variants, but other clostridia such as Cl. sporogenes (Bacillus putrificus of Dorner (1)) may also be concerned. Existing methods for the study of the properties of these organisms are inadequate, a fact on which Rosenberger(2) has commented. This work has been particularly concerned with devising a medium suitable for all clostridia, which is clear, simple to prepare, and which requires no special anaerobic precautions in its use.

In studies where regular analyses of sow's milk are being made in an effort to evaluate the total energy content of the milk from sows at different dietary levels, once the composition trends of the milk have been assessed, the number of analyses can be considerably reduced and a greater number of samples handled. Satisfactory calorific values can be obtained from the estimated composition requiring analyses for fat and total solids only.

At the end of normal machine milking some milk, which cannot be removed unaided even by the most efficient milking machine, remains in the udder sinus. This milk, often some 10% of the total yield depending upon the age of the cow, udder shape, partial vacuum of the milking machine and teat-cup liner design, was formerly most frequently removed by hand. As a result of advice and encouragement farmers are rapidly changing to manipulation of the teat-cups, known as machine stripping. This practice has renewed interestin the old controversy about the effect of the method of stripping on udder health.

1. The vitamin D potency of three samples of south Indian butter has been determined in prophylactic tests with rats.

2. Two samples of butter from Bangalore contained 0·56 and 0·41 i.u. vitamin D/g. fat, a sample from Coimbatore contained 0·29 i.u./g. fat.

The main types of surface milk coolers were tested using water at 95°F. instead of milk The coolers were tested: (a) for cooling efficiency at the nominal rated flow and a range of cooling-water flows; (b) for allowable flow at 3:1 cooling-water and cooling to within 3° F. of the cooling-water; (c) for the allowable flow (lb./hr. per square foot of cooling surface) for a range of cooling-water flows; (d) for the cooling-water pressures for various rates of flow.

The results showed that no cooler reached the required efficiency at a cooling-water ratio of 3:1 or less, the temperature difference at the bottom of the cooler varying from 3·3 to 7° F. for normal coolers.

The allowable flow per square foot of cooling surface varied from 33·8 to 114 lb./hr. when cooling to 3° F. difference with 3:1 water. The corrugated plate design had higher allowable capacity at low rates of flow of cooling·water than the tubular designs. Atmospheric cooling was small.