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6943 results in Condensed Matter Physics, Nanoscience and Mesoscopic Physics

Page 170 of 348

Polarons and Bipolarons in High-Tc Superconductors and Related Materials
  • Edited by E. K. H. Salje, A. S. Alexandrov, W. Y. Liang
  • Published online:
    24 November 2009
    Print publication:
    07 September 1995
  • This book is the first to give a comprehensive view on the polaron and bipolaron theory of high-temperature superconductivity, one of the most significant discoveries in physics in the past decade. With the discovery of high-temperature superconductors, research into polarons and bipolarons has attracted much attention. They have also been observed previously in magnetic semiconductors and transition metal oxides. The thorough investigation of these non-superconducting materials has contributed greatly to the basic understanding of the physical properties of both polarons and bipolarons. This book will be of great interest to researchers in condensed matter physics, and especially those working in the field of superconductivity.

Optical Effects of Ion Implantation
  • P. D. Townsend, P. J. Chandler, L. Zhang
  • Published online:
    23 November 2009
    Print publication:
    23 June 1994
  • This book is the first to give a detailed description of the factors and processes which govern the optical properties of ion implanted materials, as well as an overview of the variety of devices which can be produced in this way. Beginning with an overview of the basic physics and practical methods involved in ion implantation, the topics of optical absorption and luminescence are then discussed. A chapter on waveguide analysis then provides the background for a description of particular optical devices, such as waveguide lasers, mirrors, and novel non-linear materials. The book concludes with a survey of the exciting range of potential applications. Combining both theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, the book will be invaluable to graduate students, scientists and engineers in the fields of solid state physics, quantum electronics and materials science.

Photoemission Studies of High-Temperature Superconductors
  • David W. Lynch, Clifford G. Olson
  • Published online:
    23 November 2009
    Print publication:
    28 May 1999
  • This book describes the status of photoelectron spectroscopic techniques, both theoretical and experimental, that have been applied to the study of the cuprate ('high-temperature') superconductors, together with the results derived from such measurements. The techniques described include angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of valence electrons, core level spectra (XPS), and some special variations, such as resonance photoemission. Attention is paid to the difficulties in interpretation of such spectra and to the problems in obtaining good sample surfaces and high resolution. Some comparison with results from other experimental techniques is made. The authors also outline expected future developments in the techniques. This book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in physics, chemistry and materials science with an interest in high temperature superconductors.

Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory
  • 2nd edition
  • Roger G. Burns
  • Published online:
    23 November 2009
    Print publication:
    16 September 1993
  • The second edition of this classic book provides an updated look at crystal field theory - one of the simplest models of chemical bonding - and its applications. Crystal field theory provides a link between the visible region spectra and thermodynamic properties of numerous rock-forming minerals and gems that contain the elements iron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel or copper. These elements are major constituents of terrestrial planets and significantly influence their geochemical and geophysical properties. A unique perspective of the second edition is that it highlights the properties of minerals that make them compounds of interest to solid-state chemists and physicists as well as to all earth and planetary scientists. This book will be useful as a textbook for advanced students as well as a valuable reference work for all research workers interested in this subject.

Molecular Organic Materials
  • From Molecules to Crystalline Solids
  • Jordi Fraxedas
  • Published online:
    23 November 2009
    Print publication:
    27 April 2006
  • The interest in molecular organic materials is tremendous, driven by the need to find new materials with desirable properties. This book aims to bring the materials and surface science communities together, integrating physics and chemistry in a non-technical manner, ensuring this fascinating field can be understood by a multi disciplinary audience. Starting with basic physical concepts and synthetic techniques, the book describes how molecules assemble into highly ordered structures as single crystals and thin films, with examples of characterization, morphology and properties. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of surfaces and interfaces. The final chapter gives a personal view on future possibilities in the field. Written for beginners and experienced chemists, physicists and material scientists, this will be a useful introduction to the field of molecular organic materials.

Macromolecular Crystallography with Synchrotron Radiation
  • John R. Helliwell
  • Published online:
    23 November 2009
    Print publication:
    21 May 1992
  • This highly illustrated monograph provides a comprehensive study of the structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids and viruses using synchrotron radiation and crystallography. Synchrotron radiation is intense, polychromatic and finely collimated, and is highly effective for probing the structure of macromolecules. This is a fast-expanding field, and this timely monograph gives a complete introduction to the technique and its uses. Beginning with chapters on the fundamentals of macromolecular crystallography and macromolecular structure, the book goes on to review the sources and properties of synchrotron radiation, instrumentation and data collection. There are chapters on the Laue method, on diffuse X-ray scattering and on variable wavelength dispersion methods. The book concludes with a description and survey of applications including studies at high resolution, the use of small crystals, the study of large unit cells, and time-resolved crystallography (particularly of enzymes). Appendices are provided which present essential information for the synchrotron user as well as information about synchrotron facilities currently available. A detailed bibliography and reference section completes the volume. Many tables, diagrams and photographs are included.

A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulations in Statistical Physics
  • 2nd edition
  • David P. Landau, Kurt Binder
  • Published online:
    21 November 2009
    Print publication:
    01 September 2005
  • This new and updated edition deals with all aspects of Monte Carlo simulation of complex physical systems encountered in condensed-matter physics, statistical mechanics, and related fields. After briefly recalling essential background in statistical mechanics and probability theory, it gives a succinct overview of simple sampling methods. The concepts behind the simulation algorithms are explained comprehensively, as are the techniques for efficient evaluation of system configurations generated by simulation. It contains many applications, examples, and exercises to help the reader and provides many new references to more specialized literature. This edition includes a brief overview of other methods of computer simulation and an outlook for the use of Monte Carlo simulations in disciplines beyond physics. This is an excellent guide for graduate students and researchers who use computer simulations in their research. It can be used as a textbook for graduate courses on computer simulations in physics and related disciplines.

Introduction to the Electron Theory of Metals
  • Uichiro Mizutani
  • Published online:
    20 November 2009
    Print publication:
    14 June 2001
  • The electron theory of metals describes how electrons are responsible for the bonding of metals and subsequent physical, chemical and transport properties. This textbook gives a complete account of electron theory in both periodic and non-periodic metallic systems. The author presents an accessible approach to the theory of electrons, comparing it with experimental results as much as possible. The book starts with the basics of one-electron band theory and progresses to cover topics such as high Tc superconductors and quasicrystals. The relationship between theory and potential applications is also emphasized. The material presented assumes some knowledge of elementary quantum mechanics as well as the principles of classical mechanics and electromagnetism. This textbook will be of interest to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics, chemistry, materials science and electrical engineering. The book contains numerous exercises and an extensive list of references and numerical data.

Group Theoretical Methods and Applications to Molecules and Crystals
  • Shoon K. Kim
  • Published online:
    12 November 2009
    Print publication:
    24 June 1999
  • This book explains the basic aspects of symmetry groups as applied to problems in physics and chemistry using an approach pioneered and developed by the author. The symmetry groups and their representations are worked out explicitly, eliminating the undue abstract nature of group theoretical methods. The author has systemized the wealth of knowledge on symmetry groups that has accumulated in the century since Fedrov discovered the 230 space groups. All space groups, unitary as well as antiunitary, are reconstructed based on the algebraic defining relations of the point groups. This work will be of great interest to graduate students and professionals in solid state physics, chemistry, mathematics, geology and those who are interested in magnetic crystal structures.

Hydrodynamics and Nonlinear Instabilities
  • Edited by Claude Godrèche, Paul Manneville
  • Published online:
    04 November 2009
    Print publication:
    16 April 1998
  • This book presents five sets of pedagogical lectures by internationally respected researchers on nonlinear instabilities and the transition to turbulence in hydrodynamics. The book begins with a general introduction to hydrodynamics covering fluid properties, flow measurement, dimensional analysis and turbulence. Chapter two reviews the special characteristics of instabilities in open flows. Chapter three presents mathematical tools for multiscale analysis and asymptotic matching applied to the dynamics of fronts and localized nonlinear states. Chapter four gives a detailed review of pattern forming instabilities. The final chapter provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the instability of flames, shocks and detonations. Together, these lectures provide a thought-provoking overview of current research in this important area.

Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscopy
  • Field Ion Emission, and Surfaces and Interfaces at Atomic Resolution
  • Tien T. Tsong
  • Published online:
    30 October 2009
    Print publication:
    30 August 1990
  • Atom-probe field ion microscopy is currently the only technique capable of imaging solid surfaces with atomic resolution, and at the same time of chemically analysing surface atoms selected by the observer from the field ion image. Field ion microscopy has been successfully used to study most metals and many alloys, and recently good field ion images of some semiconductors and even ceramic materials such as high temperature superconductors have been obtained. Although other microscopies are capable of achieving the same resolution, there are some experiments unique to field ion microscopy - for example the study of the behaviour of single atoms and clusters on a solid surface. The elegant development of the field ion microscope with the atom probe has provided a powerful and useful technique for highly sensitive chemical analysis. This book presents the basic principles of atom-probe field ion microscopy and illustrates the various capabilities of the technique in the study of solid surfaces and interfaces at atomic resolution. A useful comparison is given with two related techniques, electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. The book will be of interest to scientists working on surfaces and interfaces of materials at the atomic level and will provide a useful reference for those using this technique.

The Science of Polymer Molecules
  • Richard H. Boyd, Paul J. Phillips
  • Published online:
    29 October 2009
    Print publication:
    09 December 1993
  • This book is an introduction to polymers and focuses on the synthesis, structure and properties of the individual molecules that constitute polymeric materials. It approaches polymeric materials from a molecular basis on the belief that there is a common core of knowledge and principles concerning polymer molecules that can be set out in an introductory work. Subjects treated include an introductory overview of synthesis, an introduction of the concept and definition of molecular weight and its distribution, experimental methods for measuring molecular weight, a more detailed view of polymerization including kinetics and mechanism, and the three-dimensional architecture of polymers as determined by conformation and stereochemistry. The statistical description of the conformational disorder of the molecules is covered and then built upon in treating rubber elasticity and polymer solutions.

Introduction to Surface and Superlattice Excitations
  • Michael G. Cottam, David R. Tilley
  • Published online:
    28 October 2009
    Print publication:
    06 April 1989
  • An introduction to the properties of wavelike excitations associated with surfaces and interfaces. The emphasis is on acoustic, optic, and magnetic excitations, and, apart from one section on liquid surfaces, the text concentrates on solids. The important topic of superlattices is also discussed, in which the different kinds of excitation are considered from a unified point of view.

Cellular Automata Modeling of Physical Systems
  • Bastien Chopard, Michel Droz
  • Published online:
    26 October 2009
    Print publication:
    10 December 1998
  • This book provides a self-contained introduction to cellular automata and lattice Boltzmann techniques. Beginning with a chapter introducing the basic concepts of this developing field, a second chapter describes methods used in cellular automata modeling. Following chapters discuss the statistical mechanics of lattice gases, diffusion phenomena, reaction-diffusion processes and non-equilibrium phase transitions. A final chapter looks at other models and applications, such as wave propagation and multiparticle fluids. With a pedagogic approach, the volume focuses on the use of cellular automata in the framework of equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics. It also emphasises application-oriented problems such as fluid dynamics and pattern formation. The book contains many examples and problems. A glossary and a detailed bibliography are also included. This will be a valuable book for graduate students and researchers working in statistical physics, solid state physics, chemical physics and computer science.

Thermodynamics of One-Dimensional Solvable Models
  • Minoru Takahashi
  • Published online:
    23 October 2009
    Print publication:
    28 March 1999
  • Exactly solvable models are very important in physics. They are important not just from a theoretical point of view but also from the experimentalist's perspective because in such cases theoretical results and experimental results can be compared without ambiguity. This 1999 book is about an important class of exactly solvable models in physics. The subject area is the Bethe-ansatz approach for a number of one-dimensional models, and the setting up of equations within this approach to determine the thermodynamics of these systems. It is a topic that crosses the boundaries between condensed matter physics, mathematics and field theory. The derivation and application of thermodynamic Bethe-ansatz equations for one-dimensional models are explained in detail. This technique is indispensable for physicists studying the low-temperature properties of one-dimensional substances. This book, written by one of the top physicists in this field, and the originator of much of the work in the subject, will be of great interest to theoretical condensed matter physicists.

Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory
  • Esteban A. Calzetta, Bei-Lok B. Hu
  • Published online:
    23 October 2009
    Print publication:
    24 July 2008
  • Bringing together the key ideas from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and powerful methodology from quantum field theory, this book captures the essence of nonequilibrium quantum field theory. Beginning with the foundational aspects of the theory, the book presents important concepts and useful techniques, discusses issues of basic interest, and shows how thermal field, linear response, kinetic theories and hydrodynamics emerge. It also illustrates how these concepts and methodology are applied to current research topics including nonequilibrium phase transitions, thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions, the nonequilibrium dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation, and the generation of structures from quantum fluctuations in the early Universe. Divided into five parts, with each part addressing a particular stage in the conceptual and technical development of the subject, this self-contained book is a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in particle physics, gravitation, cosmology, atomic-optical and condensed matter physics.

Microhardness of Polymers
  • F. J. Baltá Calleja, S. Fakirov
  • Published online:
    23 October 2009
    Print publication:
    26 October 2000
  • This book, first published in 2000, deals with the micromechanical characterization of polymer materials. Particular attention is given to microhardness as a technique capable of detecting a variety of morphological and textural changes in polymers. A comprehensive introduction to the microhardness of polymers is provided, including descriptions of the various testing methods in materials science and engineering. The book also includes the micromechanical study of glassy polymers and discusses the relevant aspects of microhardness of semicrystalline polymers. The volume also presents selected application examples of the microhardness technique for the characterization of polymeric materials, including the influence of polymer processing, the use in weathering tests, the characterization of modified polymer surfaces, and others. This book will be of use to graduate-level materials science students, as well as research workers in materials science, mechanical engineering and physics departments interested in the microindentation hardness of polymer materials.

Introductory Muon Science
  • Kanetada Nagamine
  • Published online:
    22 October 2009
    Print publication:
    16 October 2003
  • Muons are unstable elementary particles that are found in space, which can also be produced in particle accelerators to an intensity a billion times greater than that occurring naturally. This book describes the various applications of muons across the spectrum of the sciences and engineering. Scientific research using muons relies both on their basic properties as well as the microscopic interaction between them and surrounding particles such as nuclei, electrons, atoms and molecules. Examples of research that can be carried out using muons include muon catalysis for nuclear fusion, the application of muon spin probes to study microscopic magnetic properties of advanced materials, electron labelling to help in the understanding of electron transfer in proteins, and non-destructive element analysis of the human body. Cosmic ray muons can also be used to study the inner structure of volcanoes.

Random Fields and Spin Glasses
  • A Field Theory Approach
  • Cirano De Dominicis, Irene Giardina
  • Published online:
    21 October 2009
    Print publication:
    26 October 2006
  • Disordered magnetic systems enjoy non-trivial properties which are different and richer than those observed in their pure, non-disordered counterparts. These properties dramatically affect the thermodynamic behaviour and require specific theoretical treatment. This book deals with the theory of magnetic systems in the presence of frozen disorder, in particular paradigmatic and well-known spin models such as the Random Field Ising Model and the Ising Spin Glass. This is a unified presentation using a field theory language which covers mean field theory, dynamics and perturbation expansion within the same theoretical framework. Particular emphasis is given to the connections between different approaches such as statics vs. dynamics, microscopic vs. phenomenological models. The book introduces some useful and little-known techniques in statistical mechanics and field theory. This book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in statistical physics and basic field theory.

Why Things Are the Way They Are
  • B. S. Chandrasekhar
  • Published online:
    20 October 2009
    Print publication:
    16 October 1997
  • This fascinating book explains why materials behave as they do. In a completely non-technical style, using only basic arithmetic, the author explains how the properties of materials result from the way they are composed of atoms and why they have the properties they do: for example, why copper and rubies are coloured, why metals conduct heat better than glass, why magnets attract iron nails but not brass pins, and how superconductors can conduct electricity without resistance. The book is intended for general readers, and uses mainly words, pictures and analogies, with only a minimum of very simple mathematics. The author explains how it is possible to understand the basic properties of matter, and translates the technical jargon of physics into a language that can be understood by anyone with an interest in science who wants to know why the world around us behaves in the way that it does.

Page 170 of 348