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This book explores groundbreaking scientific perspectives on mind and brain, challenging traditional models that view cognition solely through the lens of computation. Featuring contributions from leading thinkers across behavioral sciences, cognitive sciences, philosophy of mind, psychology, and neurosciences, it highlights innovative approaches that emphasize the dynamic interplay of perception, action, and adaptation in an ever-changing world. Readers will discover cutting-edge research on how brains, bodies, and environments are interconnected, and how this interconnectedness drives organismal adaptability, creativity, and resilience. From the role of embodied cognition to the importance of social and environmental contexts, this book offers a comprehensive survey of emerging theories that redefine how we understand mind and behavior. Accessible yet thought-provoking, this volume is essential for those curious about how modern science is reshaping our understanding of cognition, from researchers and students to readers seeking fresh insights into how we navigate our complex, dynamic world.
The Cambridge Handbook of Behavioural Data Science offers an essential exploration of how behavioural science and data science converge to study, predict, and explain human, algorithmic, and systemic behaviours. Bringing together scholars from psychology, economics, computer science, engineering, and philosophy, the Handbook presents interdisciplinary perspectives on emerging methods, ethical dilemmas, and real-world applications. Organised into modular parts-Human Behaviour, Algorithmic Behaviour, Systems and Culture, and Applications—it provides readers with a comprehensive, flexible map of the field. Covering topics from cognitive modelling to explainable AI, and from social network analysis to ethics of large language models, the Handbook reflects on both technical innovations and the societal impact of behavioural data, and reinforces concepts in online supplementary materials and videos. The book is an indispensable resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers who seek to engage critically and constructively with behavioural data in an increasingly digital and algorithmically mediated world.
Pointing is a fundamental gesture that connects individuals with their social and physical worlds. Whether communicating information about the external environment or serving to clarify to whom or what someone is referring, pointing may appear to be a uniquely human and universal action. However, it develops in varied social and cultural contexts, and even some nonhuman species point and can understand pointing cues. While there has been substantial research on the cultural, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of pointing, these perspectives remain fragmented. This book bridges this gap by bringing together leading scholars from cognitive psychology, evolutionary anthropology and biology, animal behavior, developmental psychology, and comparative psychology to synthesize current findings, highlight emerging directions, and provide students and researchers with a comprehensive view of the field.
This book addresses a critical gap in higher education by offering evidence-based strategies to reduce mathematics anxiety in non-specialist university students. Grounded in original research, Meena Mehta Kotecha introduces an interdisciplinary, theory-driven and student-informed pedagogical intervention that has been empirically tested and positively received. Drawing on insights from psychology, sociology, neuroscience, and education, the book equips educators with inclusive, practical tools to build resilience, foster confidence, and support emotional wellbeing in mathematically anxious students. It also presents a unique overarching theoretical framework that enriches both teaching practice and academic research. Ideal for academic libraries serving education, psychology, social science, statistics and mathematics departments, this volume supports lecturers, teaching fellows, education developers, and researchers seeking to create more compassionate and effective learning environments. With its accessible language and cross-disciplinary relevance, it is a valuable resource for anyone committed to improving student engagement and success in quantitative courses.
This book offers compelling arguments for moving toward the school renewal model (rather than the school reform model) based on strong empirical evidence and real-world renewal work in schools. Drawing on national and project data alongside rigorous analysis, it highlights structural and leadership barriers that have hindered reform over the past twenty-five years and offers essential constructs and tools to bridge the divide in the educational system, including the bifurcation theory, the win-win leadership theory, implementation fidelity, integrated school leadership, and leadership density. With validated instruments and actionable frameworks, this work equips researchers and practitioners with innovative methods to drive school improvement. Policymakers will also find guidance on creating enabling conditions for sustainable progress, focusing on responsive, capacity-building approaches rooted in the complexities of modern education.
Knowledge-infused learning directly confronts the opacity of current 'black-box' AI models by combining data-driven machine learning techniques with the structured insights of symbolic AI. This guidebook introduces the pioneering techniques of neurosymbolic AI, which blends statistical models with symbolic knowledge to make AI safer and user-explainable. This is critical in high-stakes AI applications in healthcare, law, finance, and crisis management. The book brings readers up to speed on advancements in statistical AI, including transformer models such as BERT and GPT, and provides a comprehensive overview of weakly supervised, distantly supervised, and unsupervised learning methods alongside their knowledge-enhanced variants. Other topics include active learning, zero-shot learning, and model fusion. Beyond theory, the book presents practical considerations and applications of neurosymbolic AI in conversational systems, mental health, crisis management systems, and social and behavioral sciences, making it a pragmatic reference for AI system designers in academia and industry.
Specialised perinatal mental health services are crucial in providing the best care for women and their families. An essential guide to perinatal psychiatry, this comprehensive resource is a must-have for psychiatric trainees, consultants, and mental health teams. Written by experts in the specialty, this book fills a critical gap in the field by addressing the specific needs of women during pregnancy and the postnatal period, their infants and families. Covering topics from normal development to rare syndromes, theoretical perspectives to cutting-edge treatments, it offers a thorough overview of perinatal psychiatry, ensuring that clinicians are well-prepared to provide comprehensive care to women and families in need. Part of The College Seminars series, and directly mapped to the MRCPsych curriculum, this book is a key resource for psychiatric trainees.
Online education, smartphones, and generative AI have dramatically changed what and how we read. Amid this backdrop of changing media and habits, this book addresses the question: What do we know about the cognitive benefits of reading? And how might this change in a digital age? Presenting a synthesis of research spanning psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, and education, it offers a clear and accessible account of how reading transforms the human mind and brain. It demonstrates the profound cognitive enhancements on memory, attention, language processing, reasoning, and intellectual growth resulting from reading, beyond knowledge acquisition. This is an essential guide for students, educators, and researchers alike interested in the science of reading.
In an era of rampant misinformation, conspiracy theories, and political polarization, this book confronts the paradox between rational models of human cognition and seemingly irrational behavior. Drawing on cutting-edge research in psychology and other social sciences, it explores practical tools such as fostering digital literacy and cultivating 'wise deliberative spaces' grounded in argument, perspective taking, and moral inquiry. Written for graduate students, researchers, and general readers, E. Michael Nussbaum provides an accessible introduction to contemporary models of reasoning, motivation, and dialogue. With chapters on truth, talk, trust, and thinking, the volume presents a revised model of dual-process theory, linking it to deliberative dialogue while integrating insights from education, communication studies, philosophy, and political science. The result is a timely vision of cautious optimism for navigating today's post-truth challenges.
Everyone has experienced loneliness – perhaps briefly – perhaps for many years. This handbook explores why people of all ages can become lonely, and features steps that can be taken by individuals, communities, and entire societies to prevent and alleviate loneliness. Chapters present rigorous scientific research drawn from psychology, relationship science, neuroscience, physiology, sociology, public health, and gerontology to demystify the phenomenon of loneliness and its consequences. The volume investigates the significant risks that loneliness poses to health and the harmful physiological processes it can set in motion. It also details numerous approaches to help people overcome loneliness from multiple perspectives, including traditional and cognitive psychotherapy, online interventions, efforts to connect individuals to their communities, and designing communities as well as public health programs and policies to create a greater sense of social connection. Using accessible terminology understandable to a non-medical audience, it is an important work for social science scholars, students, policymakers, and practitioners.
This book presents a compelling, science-based guide for navigating life's many transitions: from first jobs to midlife pivots to purposeful retirements. Based on insights from over 1000 people across all ages and career stages, it blends identity work, prototyping, and psychological capital to foster sustainable, purpose-driven career paths. Drawing on design thinking, positive psychology, and behavioral science, each chapter encourages reflection, exploration, and growth, supported by a practical toolkit featuring methods such as the Magic Circle, Life Loops, and the Stairway to Heaven. Readers are equipped to overcome procrastination, redesign habits, explore bold dreams, and build a portfolio life that reflects personal evolution. Whether you're feeling stuck, restless, or ready for something new, Design Your Future will help you take action with confidence and joy. This book is not about making the perfect plan; it's about designing your next brave step.
This book showcases the current state of the art of research on rhythm in speech and language. Decades of study have revealed that bodily rhythms are crucial for producing and understanding speech and language, and for understanding their evolution and variability across populations-not only adults, but also developmental and clinical populations. It is also clear that there is perplexing dimensionality and variability of rhythm within and across languages. This book offers the scientific foundation for harmonizing physiological universality and cultural diversity, fostering collaborative breakthroughs across research domains. Its fifty chapters cover physiology, cognition, and culture, presenting knowledge from neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology, phonetics, and communication research. Ideal for academics, researchers, and professionals seeking interdisciplinary insights into the essence of human communication. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This Element explores the relationship between creativity, poetry, and cognition through the lenses of cognitive linguistics and cognitive poetics. Section 1 situates poetic creativity within the frameworks of conceptual metaphor theory, cognitive grammar, and text world theory, reconsidering traditional views of creativity by showing how linguistic structures underpin both writing and reading poetry. Section 2 adopts an autoethnographic approach, documenting the writing of poems, demonstrating how cognitive-poetic principles shape decisions and highlight the embodied, subjective nature of creativity. Section 3 shifts focus to analysis, applying stylistic frameworks to original poems to illustrate how linguistic methods illuminate textual patterns, conceptual structures, and interpretative effects. Section 4 turns to reception, examining empirical reader-response data to show how readers engage with poems through cognitive-poetic processes, creating a cyclical interplay between production, analysis, and response. Together, these sections highlight the value of cognitive linguistics for understanding poetic creativity, interpretation, and experience.
Girls are facing growing pressures that impact their self-esteem, whilst the pandemic and dominance of social media have made it even more challenging for girls to feel good about their bodies. Dr. Charlotte Markey provides girls aged 9–15 with the tools they need to understand, accept, and appreciate their bodies. She provides all the facts on puberty, mental health, self-care, why diets are bad news, dealing with social media, and everything in-between. Girls will find answers to questions they always wanted to ask, the truth behind many body image myths, advice and inspiration from experts, and real-life stories from girls who share their own experiences. Through this updated and beautifully illustrated guide, Dr. Markey teaches girls how to nurture both mental and physical health to improve their own body image, shows the positive impact they can have on others, and empowers them to go out into the world feeling fearless!
A manual for those working with addicted populations (from lay counsellors to psychiatrists) for delivering the evidence-based Recovery Resilience Program (RRP). RRP is a person-centered, strength and resiliency-based relapse prevention and recovery-oriented intervention that works in synergy with other models, especially 12-Step programs. Presenting practices that enhance 'recovery resilience' – an individual's capacity to effectively apply coping and self-regulation skills in dealing with cravings, triggers, stress, and high-risk situations without reverting to substance use. The program helps individuals to enhance and use their recovery capital at any stage of recovery, and ultimately reach recovery and life goals. It effortlessly integrates with other evidence-based relapse programs, from the original cognitive-behavioral approaches to the newer mindfulness-based and metacognitive approaches. Written by clinicians who have worked with addicts and their families for many decades, the program is easy-to-implement and very little preparation is necessary with handouts and PowerPoints included in each session.
The introduction to this volume advances its collective research agenda of renewing and advancing critical approaches to friendship and modern personal life. It outlines what a critical approach to friendship entails and delineates three central themes underlying debates in the social science literature on friendship: ideals, choice, and contexts. It both consolidates these debates and offers new directions for advancing them through a series of key interventions in critical approaches to friendship. These interventions are divided into the core thematic sections of the book: (1) critical intimacies, differences, and ruptures; (2) critical sociabilities beyond the private; and (3) critical relational junctures. The introduction also elucidates the thematic cohesion of the volume, emphasizing how the chapters are united by a commitment to ethnographic methods, interpretive theoretical approaches, and critical theory.
This chapter explores the neuroscience of courage and the brain’s ability to override fear. Building on the fear circuits introduced in Chapter 1, it dives into the neural pathways that allow organisms to detect threats and either flee or take action. Chapter 2 examines how fear responses can be overridden through higher-order processing in the cortex. Readers are introduced to LeDoux’s “low road” and “high road” pathways to the amygdala, and the role of cortical regions like the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex in fear regulation. The chapter also explores how basic synaptic mechanisms contribute to courage and social decision-making, and ends with a discussion of altruism and the neuroscience of self-sacrifice. Together, these systems suggest that bravery is not the absence of fear, but a coordinated biological response that can transcend it.
Rising dog ownership increases demand for dog-friendly public spaces. This need produces new kinds of interactions and relationships, and new sources of conflict and cooperation between park users. This chapter examines how the human–dog relationship mediates and modifies interpersonal relationship development and human friendship practices in public space. Drawing on 150+ hours of participant observation at dog parks, our analysis demonstrates the importance of public space to supporting “simple and single-stranded friendships” (Pahl & Spencer 2004). Through identifiable social patterns and rituals, the forced interactional work of dog-facilitated human–human interaction between regular users creates opportunities for meaningful relationship development, despite (and sometimes because of) incidences of dog-facilitated conflict also present in these spaces.