Agricultural Science as International Development: Historical Perspectives on the CGIAR Era

doi:10.1017/9781009434713

Agricultural Science as International Development

Historical Perspectives on the CGIAR Era

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For more than fifty years, international aid for agricultural research has been shaped by an unusual partnership: an ad-hoc consortium of national governments, foreign aid agencies, philanthropies, United Nations agencies, and international financial institutions, known as CGIAR. Formed in 1971 following the initial celebration of the so-called Green Revolution, CGIAR was tasked with extending that apparent transformation in production to new countries and crops. In this volume, leading historians and sociologists explore the influence of CGIAR and its affiliated international research centres. Traversing five continents and five decades of scientific research, agricultural aid, and political transformation, it examines whether and how science-led development has changed the practices of farmers, researchers, and policymakers. Although its language, funding mechanisms, and decision-making have changed over time, CGIAR and its network of research centres remain powerful in shaping international development and global agriculture. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

‘At long last, historians now have a substantive guide to the history and work of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). It is impossible to make sense of contemporary agriculture without understanding this organization, an essential node in post-war crop research in the Global South especially, but very little is known of its gigantic reach, its commitments, and its vision. Thanks to Curry and Lorek, this gangly institution comes into view.’

Deborah Fitzgerald - MIT

‘A long-awaited critical history of CGIAR, this is also the first book to examine its numerous centers in Asia, Latin America, and Africa in one place. Under coherent themes, contributors provide rich analysis of local, regional, and geopolitical dynamics that have constituted the world’s largest agricultural development partnership. A perfect book for anyone interested in critical development studies, agricultural research, and global food security issues!’

Hiromi Mizuno - University of Minnesota

‘… each of the twelve chapters that make up the book are excellent examples of the good work of decentralized, multisituated, multiecological, and multivoiced histories from the history of science, agriculture, and development … The contributions address key questions in the history of the global and local production and circulation of agricultural knowledge. These include the unequal access of peasants and farmers to phylogenetic resources, seed banks and germplasm, and the cost to them of private or public funding of research.’

Leida Fernandez-Prieto Source: Technology and Culture

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Contents

Agricultural Science as International Development
pp i-ii
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Agricultural Science as International Development - Title page
pp iii-iii
Historical Perspectives on the CGIAR Era
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Copyright page
pp iv-iv
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Contents
pp v-vi
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Figures
pp vii-viii
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Tables
pp ix-ix
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Contributors
pp x-xii
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Acknowledgments
pp xiii-xiii
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Abbreviations
pp xiv-xvi
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Introduction
pp 1-14
Past, Present, and Future Histories of CGIAR
- By Timothy W. Lorek, Helen Anne Curry
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Part I - Geopolitics
pp 15-112
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1 - Locating ICARDA
pp 17-43
The Geopolitics of International Agricultural Research in the Middle East and North Africa
- By Courtney Fullilove
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2 - US–India Entanglements and the Founding of ICRISAT in India
pp 44-62
- By Prakash Kumar
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3 - Conflicted Landscape
pp 63-87
CIAT and Sugarcane in Colombia
- By Timothy W. Lorek
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4 - CIMMYT’s Early Years
pp 88-112
Rooted in Mexican Experience, Designed to Be International
- By Gabriela Soto Laveaga
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Part II - Science as Development
pp 113-206
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5 - Solving “Second-Generation Development Problems”
pp 115-134
ICRISAT and the Management of Groundnuts, Farmers, and Markets in the 1970s
- By Lucas M. Mueller
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6 - Breeding Environments
pp 135-157
WARDA and the Pursuit of Rice Productivity in West Africa
- By Harro Maat
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7 - Reconsidering “Excellence”
pp 158-180
Natural and Social Science Approaches to Livestock Research at ILRI
- By Rebekah Thompson, James Smith
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8 - The Protein Factor
pp 181-206
CIAT’s Bean Improvement Research in Central America
- By Wilson Picado-Umaña
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Part III - Science in the System
pp 207-309
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9 - Fifty Years of Change in Maize Research at CIMMYT
pp 209-233
- By Derek Byerlee, Greg Edmeades
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10 - Crop Descriptors and the Forging of “System-Wide” Research in CGIAR
pp 234-258
- By Helen Anne Curry, Sabina Leonelli
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11 - Crop Genetic Diversity under the CGIAR Lens
pp 259-285
- By Marianna Fenzi
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12 - When Public Goods Go Private
pp 286-309
The CGIAR Approach to Intellectual Property, 1990–2020
- By David J. Jefferson
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Index
pp 310-320
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Agricultural Science as International Development

Historical Perspectives on the CGIAR Era

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