The perinatal frame of mind is a concept aiming to capture the unique mental state, context and experiences of individuals planning a pregnancy and during the perinatal period. It implies that every aspect of the physical, social, psychological and psychiatric care of women in this period requires a deep understanding of them as individuals. This encompasses many aspects of a woman’s life experience: from childhood to her current context, including traumatic and more positive experiences, cultural factors, relationships, mental and physical illness and their risks and relevance to the perinatal context, her journey to becoming pregnant, and her strengths. The term asks that we think not only about the woman, her well-being and needs, but also those of the fetus or infant, the intimate partner and/or co-parent, and other family members. We should consider the relationships between the parents and the infant, as well as within the couple and among other family members. So, we don’t just think about the woman, but the community and cultural context surrounding her, which includes the partner, family, friends, and often, and importantly, health and social professionals and services, who can provide the right kind of support to help navigate any mental health challenges.

Miguel Antonio Caro (1843–1909) was notable among the most systematic conservative thinkers in Spanish America. He was born in Bogota in a socially prestigious and politically influential family. Caro rose to prominence for his scholarly work on grammar, his translations of Virgil, and, above all, for his defense of the Catholic Church and his critical stand against the radical governments that ruled the country after 1861. He was appointed to his first public post in 1880, as director of the National Library, by the then president, Rafael Núñez, a liberal who broke with the radicals to lead the Regeneración Movement in Colombia. Caro became the closest ally of Núñez, and one of the main architects of the 1886 Constitution. Caro succeeded Núñez after his death (1894) in the presidency of the country. His vast intellectual production, however, preceded his rise to power, including a critical study of Bentham’s utilitarianism. In 1871, he founded El Tradicionista, a newspaper whose pages advocated the protection of the Catholic Church by the Colombian state, and where his series of articles against religious tolerance, the basis of Caro’s piece in our volume, were first published.

This chapter turns to the elite reaction to broader provincial claims about legality. Rather than putting the courtroom at the center of their legal imaginary, Greek elites reimagined themselves as transcending normal administrative processes. Through their physical self-presentation, through their beautiful speech, and through their ability to create particular affective states in their interlocutors, they sought to achieve thauma: a state of amazement that obviated the need for legal judgment. The Greek rhetoric of the "Second Sophistic" is, on this reading, a sort of anti-legalism: by replacing legal judgment with aesthetic evaluation, elites attempted to preserve their positions - and their physical bodies - from degradation and punishment.

This chapter is the collaborative effort of three Pakistani doctors, all of whom have worked extensively in their home country. Dr Hina is a general practitioner in the UK and clinician and academic in Pakistan. Dr Tehzeeb, a public health specialist, is currently a research fellow and senior lecturer at the Australian National University. Dr. Humaira is a UK-trained general practitioner and educator at Peshawar Medical College, Pakistan.

This case study presents the experience of an anonymous doctor employed at a prominent tertiary care hospital in Pakistan’s capital city. The study, which gained attention in local media, sheds light on how a female trainee overcame significant obstacles and navigated a system influenced by powerful individuals to achieve justice. Unfortunately, not all individuals facing similar circumstances are as fortunate. Additionally, the study underscores the societal and psychological challenges that female doctors encounter when seeking redress for workplace sexual harassment. Understanding this case is crucial for recognizing the need to enhance systemic support for reporting and addressing sexual harassment cases. In Pakistan, addressing this challenge is vital to safeguarding female healthcare workers.

Sexual harassment in medicine is a common, global problem hiding in plain sight. (1–3) It is difficult to detect, measure and eradicate, (4; 5) partly because there is a complex web of medical organisations involved in managing the doctors involved. Multiple organisations are responsible for responding to harassment, but individual policies and processes are often opaque, complex and partial. (6) Survivors describe reporting mechanisms that are difficult to navigate, and many survivors experience considerable harm arising from the reporting process. (6; 7) Few feel there was significant benefit to reporting sexual harm. (8)

Introduction

For at least two centuries, major development has integrated the island of Borneo into the international market upon which a contested socio-ecological process set forth. Evidence reveals that the increasingly global market, operating through colonial contexts, infiltrated Borneo's economy by exploiting forest products, mineral resources, and essential commodities (Phillips 2016). At issue is the suppression of ‘native’ life by controlling the population, the imposition of economic monopoly, and the exclusion of these resources. This brutal marginalization is still ongoing and marks a colonial legacy, suppressing the rights of indigenous communities.

For example, the current extractivist and modern plantation models have been shown to be racially discriminatory, as evidenced by colonial agrarian policies that have disregarded the rights of indigenous peoples and sought to assert European control over their traditional territories (McCarthy and Camb 2009). The ideas presented in this chapter are informed by my research on indigenous climate justice adaptation in Borneo. As marginalization intersects with other environmental crises occurring at the local level, this chapter focuses on how the spiritual and disenchanted perspectives of the Dayak people remain relevant to ongoing crises and injustices within the context of climate change and the global political–economic system. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs has indicated that indigenous communities exhibit a minimal level of responsibility for climate change, while simultaneously experiencing the most severe consequences of its associated hazards (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs n.d.).

Women with intellectual disabilities have children more frequently than in the past. This is partly a result of changes in attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities. Institutional care in many parts of the world is less common and sterilisation of women with intellectual disabilities is less frequent. However, women with intellectual disabilities experience greater social disadvantage than other women, negative attitudes towards their having children, and judgements about their abilities to parent successfully. They have poorer pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes due to health inequalities and socio-economic deprivation and are more likely to have their children removed from their care. The rate of mental disorders in women with intellectual disabilities is high leading to increased utilisation of healthcare services during the perinatal period and after delivery. Recognising perinatal mental disorders in women with intellectual disabilities can be challenging for clinicians because of communication difficulties in the woman and a lack of training for the clinician. Assessment and support to women with intellectual disabilities and mental disorders has to be adapted to take account of their individual needs. Training of clinical staff in understanding intellectual disabilities is essential in enhancing the care they receive and ensuring equity of access to services.

In his powerful poem titled ‘Shema’, Primo Levi, an Auschwitz survivor, urges the world to pay attention to the victims of the Holocaust and to never lose sight of the human monstrosity that unfolded under fascism. Despite Levi's warning, there is a global resurgence of fascism (Mason 2021; Patnaik 2024; Stanley 2020). India seems to be in a similar situation with its embrace of fascism in the form of Hindutva. Fascism is a state of capitalism that arises because of a crisis or its possibility in which the traditional elite cannot dominate the political sphere and serve the interests of large corporations through liberal institutions (Poulantzas 2018). It is an authoritarian reaction (Desai 2016; Patnaik 2024) and a capitalist counter-revolution wearing a popular mask (Parenti 1997; Rosenberg 2016).

This chapter is an essential guide to recognising and treating ADHD in the perinatal period, an increasingly common scenario which specialist community and inpatient perinatal services face. We explore issues specific to assessing and treating women with ADHD. The features of how the disorder is classified are discussed, including information on how ADHD may present differently in women. The challenges of identifying ADHD in females are considered along with common comorbidities. A summary of guidance on treating this disorder in adults is included, with information on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options. An outline of the essential investigations required before initiating medication for a woman is provided, along with details on the necessary ongoing physical health monitoring. Both stimulant and non-stimulant medicines are discussed with details on the various formulations available in the UK and practical tips on prescribing in the perinatal period. Specific issues to explore at follow-up are outlined. Special consideration is given to recognising and treating ADHD in the perinatal period. This includes during the pre-conceptual period, prescribing in pregnancy and the postnatal period including breastfeeding. The impact of ADHD on parenting is also considered. This is essential reading on a commonly misunderstood disorder for all perinatal clinicians.

Mothers who kill their own children are unusual women whose offences often elicit fear, horror and condemnation in others. Psychiatrists may be asked to assess such women to explore the relationship between the offence and maternal mental illness, and the potential risk to other children. In this chapter, I discuss some available data on mothers who kill, in terms of criminal justice statistics, and review accounts of motives for such killings. I briefly discuss the legal processes that mother who kill must face, and the role of the psychiatrist. I then discuss some recent research about the role of maternal attachment security in relation to attitudes towards children and the transition to motherhood and the potential for psychological disorder that arise during that transition. I also comment on social factors, such as the role of partners and fathers. I conclude with some discussion about the management of cases where mental illness is a risk factor for filicide, and the associated child protection issues that may arise in such cases.

At the start of this book, we wanted to ensure that readers have the opportunity to familiarise themselves with current thinking about sexual harassment, gender in medicine, and the historical context of sexual harm and its prevention, regulation and management. We are aware that readers will come to this book with particular learning needs and particular areas of expertise. We are expecting that some readers will be survivors; others will have policy responsibilities for managing sexual harms in the workplace or responsibilities. Some may have advocacy roles in teaching, research or policy, and many will come from other disciplines or contexts different to our own.

Chapter 4 (The Idolatrous Professional and the Bad Faith Argument): In this chapter, I juxtapose pericopes from the Hebrew Bible with thematically similar texts from the mid to late Second Temple and tannaitic periods. In so doing, I demonstrate that, despite the overall resemblance between them, these texts differ dramatically in their portrayal of pagan worship, with the earlier texts assuming the sincerity of such practices and the later texts arguing for their insincerity.

Introduction

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), signed in 1992, brings together countries in a worldwide commitment to contain global warming. With the Paris Agreement, signed in 2015, this commitment is renewed and takes on an emergency character, challenging the legal field to think of strategies that establish, in the connection of national and international spaces, the duty to act to guarantee the continuity of all forms of life on the planet. The transformations required on an emergency basis to contain the advance of global warming are structural and lead to the need to rethink the entire production process. The context used in this chapter portrays Brazilian rural development in the face of the climate emergency.

In agricultural production, there is a clear contradiction between the emergence of climate change and the continued exploitation of export-oriented monocultures, known as agribusiness. The history of the word ‘agribusiness’ began in the 1940s at the Harvard Business School, with Donald K. Davis and the intention of creating a disciplinary area of studies on agriculture and business, based on liberalism and aimed at reducing the role of the state in regulation and opening up to private initiative (Pompeia 2021, 43–46). The expression appeared in the Brazilian public arena between the 1950s and 1960s (Pompeia 2021, 87). This period was marked by the debate between conservative and progressive forces about development and was interrupted by the military coup of 1964 (Pompeia 2021, 90).