This chapter makes the case for macro-historical approaches as one of the best examples of ‘big picture’ theorising in International Relations (IR) and argues that Barry Buzan’s work is a great model of this type of theorising in IR. Furthermore, the chapter demonstrates that Buzan and his scholarship played a very significant sociological role in the discipline’s trajectory in terms of legitimising this type of research. During the decades when much of the field of IR had turned away from macro-historical approaches, Buzan was among a handful of scholars who kept advancing them. His connections to IR on both sides of the Atlantic connected Constructivism and the English School, and it is in the intersection of these schools that macro-historical approaches and Weberian style historical sociology have thrived in IR.

This chapter applies the Wick’s theorem to the contour single-particle Green’s function. The corresponding average is represented in the interaction picture, with no need to specify at the outset the kind of contour that is used. This procedure is summarized in a set of Feynman diagrammatic rules, which are reported schematically. Here, only the normal phase is considered, while, in Part II, the Feynman rules are extended to superfluid Fermi systems.

In an attempt to demonstrate the scale, scope and orientation of Viennese commemorations of its musicians, this chapter examines funerals and graves, anniversary festivities and physical monuments, demonstrating how the city positions itself at the front and centre of commemorative activities. It focuses on Viennese fascination with death, the funerals and reburials of Beethoven, Strauss Sr, Strauss Jr and Schubert, anniversary celebrations for Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and statues erected of the city’s great musicians, often in controversial circumstances.

A severe winter storm has caused widespread power outages in the area. Temperatures are in the 20s Fahrenheit. To power their multifamily home, a group of families has set up a gasoline-powered generator in the basement, which has been running overnight. This has caused elevated carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the home as the CO has permeated the drywall and reached every part of the home. Multiple members of the families have begun feeling ill. One of them, a 75-year-old grandfather with multiple medical problems, is confused, lethargic, and cannot walk. He has a carboxyhemoglobin level of 30%, ischemic changes on his ECG, and an elevated troponin. If high-flow oxygen is not applied, the patient will have unstable ventricular tachycardia requiring synchronized cardioversion. He will stabilize with appropriate therapy. Family members will complain of symptoms, and this should prompt their evaluation or referral to be evaluated. If this does not happen, one of them will collapse on the floor.

This chapter considers an open quantum system, exemplified by a junction made up of a central region of finite size and of (at least two) connected terminals, with a time-dependent bias superposed on the terminals. For simplicity, fermions in the terminals are assumed to be noninteracting, while those in the central region are interacting. In particular, the time-dependent current flowing through the system is calculated using the Schwinger–Keldysh formalism developed in Part I for the normal phase. To this end, the present problem is framed in a more general context by adapting the Zwanzig P-Q projector operators technique. In this way, “memory” effects arise due to the transfer of information from P to Q subspaces (and vice versa).

Which of the following classes of medication should not be considered for long-term adjunct therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS)?

This chapter builds on the assumption that constitutional references to the historical constitution can contribute to the community building process in Hungary. While this assumption itself might be contended, this paper puts aside the question of whether the Hungarian historical constitution could be revived in legal terms or whether it could have legally binding force in any way. Instead, it will approach the question from a non-legalistic point of view and consider whether references to the Hungarian historical constitution might be useful and desirable from the perspective of community building. To put it briefly, this chapter contends that it might be useful and desirable but only under certain circumstances. Unfortunately, whether these conditions prevail can only be established retrospectively.

This chapter considers the initial preparation of the many-particle system, whose control is achieved before the reference time t₀ when the time-dependent perturbation begins to act on the system. After t₀, the system is let to evolve in time according to the full time-dependent Hamiltonian. The initial control can be either full or partial. Full control signifies that at t₀ the system is prepared in a definite “pure” quantum state (like the ground state), while partial control signifies that initially the system is only known to be in a “mixture” of states with given probabilities, such that the information on the phases of the superposition is lost. These two cases are here treated separately.

This chapter addresses intimate relationships of Black populations, as well as the sociocultural and economic contexts in which they are embedded. The authors underscore the heterogeneity of Black populations both in, and outside of, the United States. How racial discrimination is experienced, and the impact of that experience, differs across Black populations – underscoring heterogeneity. While some research suggests that racial discrimination contributes to negative relationship dynamics, other work suggests that when some individuals experience racial discrimination their partners engage in supportive behaviors. Despite declines and delays in marriage, many U.S.-born Blacks are still pursuing marital unions and are happily married (Skipper & Taylor, 2021; Skipper et al., 2021). This is likely a function of relational resilience, or even the Black Advantage Vision as many U.S. Black couples adapt and strive in spite of seemingly unsurmountable stressors over which they have little control.

Relationship development and growth have long drawn the interest of relationship scholars. This chapter focuses on the theoretical frameworks that have guided inquiry. We begin by explicating the term relationship development, including different ways researchers have studied it. Traditional theories (e.g., relational dialectics, relationship stage models, social exchange, social penetration, relational turning points) are described, alongside recently developed perspectives on relationship development and growth (e.g., relational turbulence theory, the relationship trajectory framework). The chapter also discusses current research associated with the theories and how this scholarship informs our understanding of the initiation of relationships and how relationships develop over the lifespan. Special attention is paid to the development and maintenance of marginalized relationships. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research, including the need to assess the ability of current theories to describe development in different relationship contexts (e.g.., friendships, courtship, families) and in different communication contexts (e.g., online, offline).

The effects of the coupling to the environment can also manifest itself in a superfluid Fermi system. This chapter explicitly considers this case, by addressing the time-dependent behavior of the gap parameter following a sharp quench of the coupling parameter of the contact interaction. In this case, coupling the system to the environment is important for reaching equilibrium eventually. Several simplifying assumptions are adopted along the way for treating the problem in an as simple as possible way.

The aim of this chapter is to offer a study of the role of Europe (and European integration) in the Italian constitutional imagination. The argument identifies three phases which have shaped the way European integration (and more generally the horizon of European political unity) has been perceived by Italian constitutional actors (and especially by political parties). The first phase goes from 1943 to 1946 and is animated by a majority consensus for European political integration, with the exception of the Communist Party. The second phase, starting from the inception of the Constituent Assembly, is one where the telos of European unity does not occupy a central position in the constitutional imagination any longer, and it is ‘downgraded’ to a question of ordinary politics. The third phase (whose beginning can be conventionally identified with the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty) is one where European integration makes a comeback in the constitutional imagination but under the guise of the external bound. In conclusion, the chapter advances the hypothesis that this last phase is marked by the incapacity of Italian political parties to struggle for a constitutional imagination that is not colonised by markets and their imperatives.

This chapter describes how the book contributes to the understanding of lawmaking under authoritarianism by specifying the conditions under which legislatures perform their lawmaking function within authoritarian regimes, showing the mechanisms through which legislatures operate and influence the contents of policies, and helping to elucidate the ways in which legislatures may be consequential both to policymaking and politics, thus extending the scope conditions of power-sharing accounts of lawmaking to any type of autocracy. It also suggests how the theory and methods employed may be used to study the role of business and bureacracies in authoritarian regimes, and to recast the approaches to federalism and policymaking under dictatorship, and to the role of legislature in regime transitions.