Sexual and reproductive health needs are often overlooked in psychiatric care; people with severe mental illness are at risk of unintended pregnancy and may struggle to access sexual health services. The link between psychological symptoms and contraceptive use is complex and the impact of hormonal contraceptives on mental health is poorly understood. There can be interactions between hormonal contraceptives and psychotropic medication, and where psychotropics with potential teratogenic effects are considered, good contraceptive counselling is imperative. The chapter explores mechanisms, risks and benefits of different types of contraceptives and explores their use beyond pregnancy prevention, including alternative therapeutic indications. Contraception choices are considered in specific groups including perimenopause, trans and non-binary people, and other marginalised groups. We aim to empower mental health professionals to engage collaboratively with their patients in discussing contraception as part of assessment and formulation. Where relevant, we encourage consideration of how contraceptive choices may interact with mental health conditions and influence management plans

The introduction sets the stage for the analysis of the political, social, and cultural events that led to the momentous avant-garde scene in the country. It follows the formation of postwar Yugoslavia – a multiethnic, multireligious, and multilingual nation – and the ongoing ethnic and nationalist conflicts that would by 1991 result in the collapse of the political state and bring about an abrupt stop to all musical and cultural activities.

The archaeology of Byzantium is the archaeology of an empire whose chronological bounds, broadly speaking, spanned the fourth through fifteenth century AD. The authors whose works are collected in this handbook examine methods and practice of Byzantine archaeology as well as the materials typically encountered in artifacts produced within the imperial boundaries. Byzantine archaeology is still a relatively young discipline, and, while vast in its scope and ambition, work in the field tends to be challenging to access. This volume aims to remedy this situation by providing current views of the nature of Byzantine archaeology, exploring crucial studies which elucidate salient features of the empire’s people, as well as offering glimpses of how things may develop in the near future.

We analyse the energy derivatives in terms of atomic displacements. We derive the interatomic force constants tensor, and from there we obtain the dynamical matrix. We introduce the phonons as quanta of atomic motion in crystals. They are obtained by diagonalization of the dynamical matrix. To comprehensively grasp phonons, we employ the quasiharmonic approximation, limiting energy development to second-order terms. Phonons are defined by their wavevectors and frequencies, governing their orientation and energy, respectively. Unlike particles, they are quasi-particles and follow Bose–Einstein statistics as bosons.

The conclusion summarizes chapter findings and brings them in mutual conversation. This is focused on assessing the nature of integration in Shiʿite-European interactions, substantiating the thesis on European Shiʿism, of peripheral engagement and religious retention. Assimilation defined in the introduction as a negative value distribution for cultural maintenance and outgroup relations (following Berry’s model) has few empirical referents among Shiʿite organizations in Europe, while segregation – assessing outgroup relations negatively and cultural maintenance positively - was associated with a particular historical moment. Integration, to the contrary - where both variables are positively valued or pursued – is a dominant occurrence, but it matters to discern in each case what drives it. Contrary to externalist views, European Shiʿism is held to emerge through a religious mode of engagement, involving hierarchizations of collective self and other identities. Shiʿite parties further removed or with greater independence from the high centres religious authority abroad are more likely to engage in cultural exchange with their European milieu. On the one side stands the mainstream of Shiʿite organizational life that often demonstrates bracketed, provisional, or otherwise limited formal engagement of others in Europe. The other shows striking cases of civic outreach, ritual transformation, and integrationist theology.

This chapter characterizes The Sisterhood, a group of Black women writers who met in New York at least once a month for two years and who advocated for Black women at trade publishers such as Random House, at magazines such as Ms. and Essence, and eventually in academic departments as they moved their intellectual labor from political organizing in the 1960s and early 1970s to literary organizing in the late 1970s and then, after the 1980s, into colleges and universities. It traces how The Sisterhood’s collaborative labor shaped the reach, form, and content of African American poetry through a Black feminist poetics rooted in a both/and way of thinking and writing that insisted on the interdependence of political, literary, and academic spheres. They believed in literature as a tool for Black liberation. In works by poets such as Harryette Mullen, Erica Hunt, Mahogany Browne, Tara Betts, and Evie Shockley, each of these aspects of The Sisterhood’s poetic legacy remains visible in Black feminist poetry today.

Harlem’s sensuous poetics refers to an aesthetic sensibility that turned toward the possibilities of feeling, sense, and perception – the realm of the sensuous – to imagine new experiences of Black bodies and pleasure. Its poets drew from the maelstrom of urban life (nightlife in particular) to conjure new ways of inhabiting the body, new desires, and new ways of moving individually and collectively. They provided a new way to understand the role of Harlem as a space of illicit sexuality and self-expression in poetry. This chapter surveys this tradition, situating Harlem’s sensuous poetics in the context of representational challenges to the politics of respectability that shaped Black middle-class cultural norms in the era. It looks first to recurrent poetic tropes (such as the “dancing girl” and the “laughing boy”) that contested such politics. It then turns to the enunciation of a sensuous poetics within normative middle-class institutions such as women’s civic clubs and literary salons. In doing so, it argues that this tradition is less a set of formal principles than a way of being in the world that begins from the body’s sense perception and its felt response.

Following the Black Arts Movement, emerging Black cosmopolitan poets such as Rita Dove and Yusef Komunyakaa published poetry that appeared to be quite different than poetry of the 1960s and 1970s. Both poets took pains in their writing to assert both racial affiliation and a world citizen identity. While early cosmopolitan theory struggled to accommodate race, more recent scholarship by Ifeoma Kiddoe Nwankwo (Black cosmopolitanism) and Susan Koshy (minority cosmopolitanism) provides useful conceptual frames that explain why a contemporary Black poet might pursue a cosmopolitan poetic and show how it works in actual poems. Readings of selected poems across both poets’ œuvres demonstrate their deepening cosmopolitan sensibility over time, revealing how they position themselves and their work within a frame inclusive of both Black identity and a relatively privileged, global perspective. Having established the features of a Black cosmopolitan poetics in the work of two major poets of this generation, a question arises. Does the poetry of the current generation of Black poets, those following Komunyakaa and Dove, perhaps exhibit a post-cosmopolitan perspective?

This chapter analyzes upcycling through an economic lens. First, it discusses the similarities and differences between resale, recycling, and upcycling from an economic perspective. Next, it analyzes the incentives for producers in the primary market to engage with these markets further down the lifecycle of a product. The author argues that companies with sufficient market power in their primary market often have an incentive to try to control such aftermarkets, particularly in the case of resale or upcycling, in order to price discriminate in the primary market or to reduce competition in their primary market. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the role of IPRs in this and analyzes from a normative economic perspective (incentive rationale for IPRs), whether IPRs should grant producers control over resale and upcycling.

While ethnicity remains the bedrock of Shiʿite organization, it is overlain with religio-political identities. This chapter treats a Europe-wide organization in the quadrant of marjaʿiyat-oriented bodies that are pro-velāyat-e faqih (the Ettehādiye). As this alignment suggests East-West, top-down religious transmission (the ‘model’), the question arises of whether it precludes European identity. Two cases of clerical organizations are cited, one associated with Ayatollah Fāzel-Lankerāni, that recognize the relevance of European particularity – as in stronger ecumenist than sectarian self-presentation. The picture is further complicated by a dissection of authority and identity flows in the lay Iranian student Ettehādiye, or ‘Union.’ Among the Union’s peculiarities (‘modes’ of European Shiʿism) were grassroots initiative and Islamist vanguard formation. The political clergy were its lodestar, but none controlled the Union before the Iranian revolution. When incorporation followed, reformism emerged within its ranks, imagining an alternative religio-political system. Even within this cluster of Shiʿite organizations, in other words, ‘crossflows of identity and authority’ occur. But where European inspiration travelled up and East post-1979, it was not a match for Islamic Republican control of the organization. Unlike the civic cases of the first chapter, its struggles remain internal, focused on Iranian state politics, and distant from Shiʿite-European interaction.

Chapter 1 examines Yugoslavia’s abrupt postwar political reorganization – from a prospering kingdom to a restrictive communist state – and the impact this new political structure had on all spheres of cultural life. In the new communist Yugoslavia, avant-garde interwar composers had to carefully navigate the challenges of restricted travel, virtually no contact with the outside world, and constraints mandated by the newly implemented doctrine of socialist realism. These impediments marked the first fifteen postwar years as the most challenging for Yugoslav composers. Socialist realism stood in direct opposition to freedom of artistic expression, innovation, and modernism, which they had been exploring across European music centers. It mandated that artists create works that conveyed the communist-socialist message of rebuilding the nation through unity and brotherhood, art that had to speak directly to the “masses.” This chapter surveys the Yugoslavian version of socialist realism – “moderated modernism” – offers a history of complex regional alliances and territorial divisions among Serbs, Slovenes, and Croats, and examines the composers’ search for a pan-Yugoslav musical identity.

The archaeology of Byzantium is the archaeology of an empire whose chronological bounds, broadly speaking, spanned the fourth through fifteenth century AD. The authors whose works are collected in this handbook examine methods and practice of Byzantine archaeology as well as the materials typically encountered in artifacts produced within the imperial boundaries. Byzantine archaeology is still a relatively young discipline, and, while vast in its scope and ambition, work in the field tends to be challenging to access. This volume aims to remedy this situation by providing current views of the nature of Byzantine archaeology, exploring crucial studies which elucidate salient features of the empire’s people, as well as offering glimpses of how things may develop in the near future.