This chapter describes the normal maturation pattern of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), as well as the dynamic antigenic changes during pDC differentiation. Common markers used to define the pDC lineage are included, with their advantages and limitations discussed. Key immunophenotypic features associated with neoplastic pDC proliferations (blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, myeloid neoplasms with plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation, and mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation associated with myeloid neoplasm) are covered. Minimal residual disease evaluation of pDC neoplasms is also discussed. Finally, the differential diagnosis associated with pDC proliferations is addressed.

This chapter examines what the authorities called ‘mass superstitious incidents’ that took place in the early 1950s. These involved the movement of large numbers of people in search of holy water and sacred medicine. They were inspired to travel by the belief that sacred medicine had been brought down to earth by gods who were exhibiting their spiritual efficacy. It was an opportunity to access healing without the mediation of ritual specialists. The chapter looks at the role of stories of miraculous cures in spreading the phenomenon. Those who partook of sacred medicine explained that they did so because the level of rural healthcare was so dismal. Local officials were disconcerted by these events, not least because Beijing emitted conflicting signals on how local officials should respond. In a handful of cases pilgrims, stood up to attempts to shut down the sacred sites. As rural healthcare improved, pilgrimage for sacred medicine declined.

Now in its second edition, this handbook is a current overview of second language (L2) research, providing state-of-the-art synopses of recent developments in each subarea of the field and bringing together contributions by emerging scholars and experts in second language acquisition (SLA). Since the first edition, broad sociopolitical movements, alternative views of bilingualism, emergence of global markets, vast expansion of electronic resources, the development of social media and the availability of big data have transformed the discipline, and this edition has been thoroughly updated to address these changes. It is divided into six main parts: Part I situates SLA in terms of research and practice; Part II explores individual cognitive, age-related and neurolinguistic similarities and differences; Part III outlines external, sociocultural and interactive factors; Part IV presents profiles of bilinguals who take differing paths of acquisition; Part V describes interlanguage properties; and Part VI comprises clear models of L2 development.

In this chapter we turn our attention to the variety of possible embeddings. We consider here χ(W) and π1W, for W a complementary region of an embedding of M in S4.

Fire-related injuries, including direct burns and inhalational injuries and related inhalation poisoning, require immediate lifesaving management through the rapid recognition of the extent of the injuries and appropriate resuscitation and prevention of further comorbidities. This case reflects patient exposure to indoor fire with facial, chest, and extremity burns. The case progresses, mandating rapid but focused patient assessment and prioritization of a variety of critical actions including recognition of the need for and performance of emergent intubation in the setting of facial and airway burns; aggressive resuscitation including utilization of the Parkland formula for burn patient management; high suspicion of carbon monoxide and concomitant cyanide poisoning requiring appropriate testing and treatment; and circumferential extremity burn requiring recognition of impending compartment syndrome requiring escharotomy.

The chapter examines how and why ordinary people petitioned gods and other non-visible entities, such as spirits, ‘immortals’ (仙 xian), protective saints, or ancestors, for favours of all kinds. In return for offerings of food and drink and the burning of ritual items, such as incense, oil, paper images, paper money, charms, or printed prayers, they asked for help, cures for illness, the birth of a son, protection against evil forces, or success in business or examinations.

Chapter 8 considers a radically different version of the dynamic explored in chs 6-7: the relationships between provincial governors and Christian communities across the Mediterranean world. For much of this period, these governors were outsiders with short terms of office, who relied heavily on resident office staffs and local grandees. Recent revisionist work on the Christianization of the Roman world has thus stressed the tendency of provincial appointees to prioritise those local elite interests over the demands of bishops and ascetics in the context of religious conflict. As Brent Shaw has put it, the governor could ‘give rather short shrift to a person whom they thought had no standing to intervene in the running of the state affairs over which they had authority’ (Shaw 2015, 58). In this chapter, I seek to modify this picture by suggesting that membership of the church and relationships with provincial Christian communities, institutions, and authority figures played a more significant role for governors than has been appreciated. In this sense, bishops and ascetics were, in fact, amongst the local interest groups whose collaboration these Christian appointees had to pursue.

nTFHL is a heterogenous group of mature T-cell lymphomas with follicular helper T-cell (TFH) immunophenotype. It is designated when at least two of the following markers are expressed: CD10, PD1 (CD279), ICOS, BCL6, CXCL13, CXCR5, SAP, MAF, or CD200. It is characterized by frequent loss of surface CD3, almost exclusively CD4, frequently diminished CD7, and retained CD2 and CD5. TFH markers studied by flow cytometry include CD10, PD1, CD200, ICOS, and CXCR5, but they can be expressed in reactive T-cells. nTFHL has three morphologic subtypes: angioimmunoblastic, follicular, and not otherwise specified. nTFHL angioimmunoblastic type or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is the prototype. All three subtypes share similar immunophenotypic characteristics, indistinguishable by flow cytometry. In nFFHL, lymphoma cells are frequently detected in blood and bone marrow by flow cytometry, often without morphologic involvement by lymphoma. The nTFHL immunophenotype is detailed and differential diagnoses are reviewed. Lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome and CD10-positive reactive T-cells in healthy individuals are discussed as immunophenotypic mimickers of nTFHLs.

This chapter examines the concept of recognition. It discusses the recognition of states in the light of the competing constitutive and declaratory theories and the differing views taken by states, together with the consequences of non-recognition internationally. This is followed by a reference to the recognition of governments in the light of doctrine and practice. Various kinds of recognition from de jure and de facto to premature, implied and collective recognition are noted as well as the withdrawal of recognition. The concept of non-recognition is referenced. The chapter then turns to the legal effects of recognition, both internationally and internally, including the relevance of state immunity and standing. UK practice is examined in the light of extensive case law. The chapter turns to US practice concerning the legal effects of recognition or non-recognition.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a revolution in cancer immunotherapy. Currently, seven FDA-approved CAR T-cell therapies target hematological malignancies such as B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. More than 250 ongoing clinical trials are exploring its application in various cancers. This rapid progress highlights the urgent need for dynamic and reliable monitoring of CAR T cells. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) plays a critical role in quality control during manufacturing and also enables the detection of live CAR T cells after infusion in tracking and quantifying CAR T cells in vivo. By incorporating disease markers, MFC also provides a fast and accurate tool in addressing clinical concerns of disease relapse versus CAR T-cell proliferations. This chapter provides an overview of CART construction, recent developments, and clinical applications, followed by the introduction and illustration of CAR T by MFC tests as Laboratory Development Tests (LDT). Of the latter, we focus on CAR-CD19, CAR-BCMA, and allogeneic CART assays and discuss reagent choice, assay set-up, validations, and applications.

The class of Seifert manifolds is in many respects well understood, and has a natural parametrization in terms of Seifert data, and so we might expect criteria for embedding in terms of such data. We first review the notion of Seifert manifold and Seifert invariants. In this chapter we shall consider orientable Seifert manifolds which are Seifert fibred over orientable base orbifolds.

We review the remarkable interplay between modular symmetries and supergravity, which has led to major advances in both physics and mathematics in recent decades. Our focus will be on four-dimensional models with N=1 and N=2 local supersymmetry. We will look at the early articles on the topic, but also touch on recent developments. These results testify to how supergravity, when supplemented with the appropriate assumptions, can be turned into a unique window into quantum gravity.

Opening Part III of this book, Chapter 7 introduces the method of Crossdisciplinary Analysis, a form of qualitative research for evaluating the fit of pedagogical practices to the genres approach. The premise is that if instruction succeeds in promoting learning, it does so in accordance with (at least) one of the three genres of teaching for skills, for concepts, or for cultural practices. We evaluate the lesson by examining it independently through these three pedagogical lenses, checking for balance and coherence if multiple learning agendas are present. Used prospectively with anticipated instructional scenarios, Crossdisciplinary Analysis is the heart of instructional planning, ensuring that lessons are coherently organized to achieve their learning intentions. Used retrospectively, it is a way to evaluate the efficacy of existing pedagogy. Retrospective analysis is undertaken in the next chapter. The method is illustrated with analysis of Skinner’s Programmed Instruction.

This chapter offers readers a transparent view into the research methodology used to investigate mathematics anxiety and assess the impact of a targeted pedagogical intervention on students’ reported anxiety and attitudes towards statistics and quantitative research methods. It provides a detailed account of the research participants, ethical considerations, and the multi-mixed methods approach employed. The chapter also critiques the validity, reliability, and trustworthiness of the research design and findings, ensuring methodological rigour. A candid discussion of the study’s limitations further strengthens its credibility. It is an essential reading for educators, researchers, and anyone committed to evidence-based improvements in mathematics education.