This case involves likely casualties that may present to a facility following a mass gathering stampede incident. Patients within this context may present with blunt polytrauma and subtle signs of impending decompensation that portend catastrophic outcomes if not caught early during the standardized trauma evaluation. The nature of a mass gathering, mass casualty event is such that external factors and players may provide unanticipated barriers to care at critical moments. Rapid identification and mitigation of these confounders and confederates are critical, in order to prevent degradation of high-efficacy trauma care for potentially complex and critical ill patients.

Couple conflict has received significant attention in couples research, chiefly because poorly managed conflict raises risk for a host of negative outcomes including relationship dissatisfaction, divorce, domestic violence, occupational impairment, and poor child well-being. Effective conflict management is a central target of couple therapy and relationship education. In this chapter, we define couple conflict, describe the frequency and common topics of conflict, and provide examples of how researchers measure conflict. We then describe different ways that couples manage conflict, highlighting effective and ineffective conflict management behaviors and how they affect relationship functioning. Next, we describe conflict and conflict management among historically underrepresented couples. Last, we present information on relationship interventions that target couple conflict and describe future directions for research on couple conflict.

This chapter introduces the anti-colonial ideology of Arab nationalism, which in its popular form established a transregional culture of resistance to oppression and injustice. Progressive writers of the decolonization generation, the author shows, mapped their new literary system’s imaginative and circulational scale according to the experience that they believed it must represent and amplify: a shared political experience they called “Arab.” The chapter then discusses the key concepts of Arab scale and transregionalism. It outlines their nuanced entanglements between national and world literatures, and notes the significance of embedded, internal scales that texture and differentiate the system under study. Overall, the chapter argues that a major expression of twentieth-century Arabic literature produced itself as a set of print culture practices, literary themes, and interpretive norms in response to evolving ideas of Arab experience and emancipation.

The nonequilibrium diagrammatics and the Dyson equations contain integrations over the time variables that run over a generic contour. In both cases, the time variables run first forward and then backward along the ordinary time axis. For computational purposes, it is then required to convert these time integrals into ordinary time integrals. To this end, it is first necessary to single out all possible combinations of the pair of time variables in the contour single-particle Green’s function. This is what is done in the present chapter.

This chapter introduces the central puzzle that motivates the book: why do some South African communities protest far more frequently than others, despite experiencing similar levels of grievances and resource deprivation? It opens with two contrasting vignettes that highlight this variation and set the stage for the book’s theoretical and empirical contributions. The chapter critiques existing theories of protest for their limited ability to explain this localized variation and introduces the core argument – that a fuller understanding of protest requires attention to the “technology of mobilization.” Specifically, it emphasizes the critical role of protest brokers: intermediaries who connect elites seeking to mobilize protest with communities of potential protesters. In the absence of these brokers, it argues, many elites are unable to leverage the local knowledge, trust, and social networks necessary to mobilize effectively, helping to explain where protest happens. Furthermore, the chapter argues that protest brokers are not a monolithic group; their differences help explain not just whether protests occur, but also how they unfold – shaping variation in protest variety, duration, tactics, and the likelihood of violence. This chapter lays the foundation for the rest of the book.

This chapter studies the creation of Algeria as a topos of transregional literature during the War of Independence (1954–1962) on the pages of the Beirut-based literary and political journal al-Ādāb. This process relied on gendered imagery of suffering Algerian bodies, notably the FLN fighter Djamila Bouhired, who became an Arab nationalist icon following her imprisonment by the French. Arabic transregionalism imagined Algeria as a palpable expression of Arab nationalist rhetoric on Arab revolution. This led al-Ādāb authors to critique Jean-Paul Sartre, insisting on the Arab, rather than global, scale of Algeria’s decolonization. In al-Ādāb poetry, I show that contributors took for granted that fuṣḥā, as anti-colonial transregional print medium, would be the vehicle of postcolonial Algerian literature. Al-Ādāb thus elided complex realities of multilingualism in Algeria, taking for granted, and even viewing as inevitable, the “restoration” of fuṣḥā as a sign of Algeria’s proto-Arab identity. The chapter reads al-Ādāb’s editorial production of itself as transregional journal, including the insertion of advertisements, debates, and exchanges to map circulation networks. I detail the journal’s efforts to recruit Algerian contributors to educate transregional publics on the country’s history and culture and demonstrate its support for the new FLN state after independence.

This chapter intends to explore the roots of the Polish ‘constitutional crisis’ by utilising the concept of constitutional drift. While the Polish 1997 Constitution contains provisions that would enable interpreting it by using the lenses of Sciulli’s societal constitutionalism (which we call the ‘societal imaginary’), such opportunity was disregarded by more dominant liberal and communitarian imaginaries present in the political and constitutional discourse. The latter contributed to fostering a governance structure that strengthened the executive (the cabinet) at the expense of all social actors whose rights are strongly embedded within the Constitution – social partners, civil society and professional self-government organizations. Overall, the processes similar to those happening to the juridical power after 2015 in Poland, had been happening to other competitors to power prior to 2015 and constitutional crisis should be seen as a relatively late phase of the constitutional drift resulting from overlooking possibilities granted by societal imaginary.

This scenario presents a 54-year-old woman with a history of hypertension who is brought to a rural critical access emergency department after being shot during an active shooter incident at a grocery store. She has multiple penetrating wounds to her neck, groin, and extremities, requiring immediate hemorrhage control, resuscitation, and airway management. The patient is initially hypotensive, tachycardic, and in hemorrhagic shock. Lifesaving interventions such as wound packing, tourniquet application, IV or IO access, and blood transfusions are crucial to stabilize her condition. As her condition worsens, an expanding neck hematoma necessitates securing the airway, with a potential need for a surgical airway. The scenario emphasizes the need for prompt recognition of life-threatening injuries, coordination of care for transfer to a trauma center, and the preparation of the emergency department for the arrival of additional victims from the scene, highlighting key principles in trauma management and disaster preparedness.

In an effort to strengthen linguistic foundations in L2 endeavors and inspire closer interaction and mutual benefit for the allied disciplines, the Conclusion brings together the primary takeaways of the book, proposes future directions for study, and poses remaining questions for those research veins.

This chapter shares the effects of a multi-year project to integrate explicit pronunciation instruction into the curriculum of intermediate Spanish courses at a liberal arts undergraduate university. The pedagogical materials incorporate foundational linguistic principles, such as awareness of the expert unconscious knowledge of a speaker’s native language, an appreciation of the linguistic diversity present across cultures, and a scientific approach to creating and testing hypotheses about how a language works as part of L2 language learning. The authors and researchers found effects in L2 learning beyond the scope of these specific topics: students made connections from pronunciation to other areas of the grammar; students used their expert native language knowledge to recognize patterns in the L2; students demonstrated increased appreciation for dialectical diversity, including heritage speaker productions; and students demonstrated greater comfort with using the L2 more frequently and in more contexts. The chapter closes with a discussion of the benefits to instructors as well as some recommendations for how to incorporate linguistic foundations in other language classes.

Twenty-first-century Vienna is a city with a living and diverse musical ecosystem. This chapter explores some of this ecosystem, how the ‘city of music’ has evolved and how its contemporary musical culture balances not only past and present but also an increasingly variegated and complex mix of traditions, genres, ethnicities and identities. It examines classical music, jazz, popular music (including indie rock, electronic music and hip-hop) and World Music.

After the armed struggle of the Revolution (1910–20), Mexican cinema, particularly during the época de oro (Golden Age, roughly 1930–52), had a profound impact on Mexican popular culture. One of the most intriguing elements was how the film industry captured Mexican music history, particularly the intimate practice of musical performances conducted within the salon. This essay moves through various points in Mexican history, as told by the film industry, to uncover a practice of representation and interpretation of the roles of women in the salon. Mexican musical history is a rich and vibrant narrative of cosmopolitanism and changing narratives of gender roles that the film industry manipulated and exploited on the big screen. Although functioning as a reinterpretation of historical periods, these films act as significant cultural texts to understanding the industry’s and the culture’s knowledge of women performers in the Mexican salon.

This chapter shows how the Spanish Cortes, a notary type of legislature established by factions with lower levels of unity and embeddedness during Franco’s dictatorship in Spain, amended a share of government bills, thus informing the dictator of the extent of dissent about his initiatives, but rarely rejected any, and was therefore unable to impose significant policy changes, thus helping instead to secure Franco’s rule over the regime’s economic and institutional policies until his dying day.

This case presents a standardized patient (SP) scenario designed for training healthcare professionals in disaster response, focusing on the management of a patient trapped following a hurricane. The scenario involves a 72-year-old man who has been trapped in his basement for seven days after a category 3 hurricane caused structural damage to his home. Participants, acting as members of a FEMA Search and Rescue task force, are tasked with evaluating the patient’s condition, ensuring scene safety, and coordinating appropriate medical care and transport.