Complex fluids can be found all around us, from molten plastics to mayonnaise, and understanding their highly nonlinear dynamics is the subject of much research.

This text introduces a common theoretical framework for understanding and predicting the flow behavior of complex fluids. This framework allows for results including a qualitative understanding of the relationship between a fluid’s behavior at the microscale of particles or macromolecules, and its macroscopic, viscoelastic properties. The author uses a microstructural approach to derive constitutive theories that remain simple enough to allow computational predictions of complicated macroscale flows.

Readers develop their intuition to learn how to approach the description of materials not covered in the book, as well as limits such as higher concentrations that require computational methods for microstructural analysis.

This monograph’s unique breadth and depth make it a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in fluid mechanics.

Outlines the leadership skills needed to navigate modern higher education’s complexity. Discusses strategic vision, emotional intelligence, and managing change in a VUCA environment. Highlights the need for leaders to balance efficiency with entrepreneurial thinking and foster a culture of innovation.

Relative Motion. This chapter develops tools for describing the motion of a point in three dimensions. The concept of a rotation matrix is covered in detail, including how to use transformation matrices to describe the result of a sequence of rotations about body-fixed and/or space-fixed axes. These concepts are used to describe angular velocity and acceleration. The primary tool is a mathematical procedure, accompanied by a sequence of steps to implement it. A parallel approach based on graphical depiction of vectors provides physical insight and the ability to verify results derived by the formal procedure. The last section treats motion that is viewed from a moving reference frame, with emphasis on what an Earth-based observer sees. These concepts are used to understand the flow of fluid particles in a hurricane, as well as how the motion of a Foucault pendulum is influenced by the rotation of the Earth.

Research is vital to the health professions. It has the potential to inform and change health policy and practice and, through that change, to improve Indigenous health outcomes. However, while research is vitally important, it is not values neutral. Historically, much research has been conducted on rather than with Indigenous communities. Typically, research has been carried out by non-Indigenous researchers who want to find out about Indigenous peoples and their cultures. Research has traditionally been designed to suit the agenda and interests of the non-Indigenous people conducting research. The research of the past was often conducted in ways that did not address Indigenous defined priorities or benefit Indigenous communities in any way. In many cases, the research brought no benefit to the peoples being studied or was harmful and destructive for communities.

The St Petersburg Declaration of 1868 was the first international agreement that regulated a modern weapon of war. It did so by outlawing the military deployment of small arms ammunitions that exploded or fulminated on impact. This chapter narrates the history of the Declaration by analysing the uses made of exploding bullets in the 1860s. It explains how considerations of their inherent lethality informed the terms of the treaty, including the norms of superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering which remain foundational to international humanitarian law today. It also shows how after 1868, the military use of exploding bullets was cast as an act of barbarism in the global media. Compliance reporting became a regular feature of newspaper accounts of colonial and inter-state warfare, including the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. This reporting helped to inspire an attempt to ban expanding small arms ammunitions at the Brussels Conference of 1874. The chapter underlines the centrality of the St Petersburg Declaration to the ways in which people viewed gun violence in the late nineteenth century as well as to the regulation of dum-dum bullets in 1899.

Policies designed to address climate change have been met with limited success. Multilateral treaties, agreements and frameworks linked to the UN and COP meetings have so far failed to limit the rise in average global temperature. Rethinking Climate Policy suggests that one of the most important reasons for this is that we are looking at the economics of climate change in the wrong way, arguing that we need to look at climate change as a problem of resource creation, not resource allocation. It identifies problems in current climate policymaking, breaking many taboos in standard economics, to offer a bold proposal for effective and achievable public policy to achieve a zero-carbon economy. Underpinned by both a sound economic and complex systems analysis, this book develops a groundbreaking metric of economic resilience to measure the capacity of economies to transform without breaking down, and accordingly, how to best design climate policies.

The PRC government brought about a significant improvement in the health status of the population, with biomedicine establishing itself in a plural healthcare market. This included traditional doctors, herbalists, and many other specialists. Spirit-based forms of healing continued to be popular since much illness was believed to be caused by demons, disaffected ancestors, or spiteful animal spirits. Spirit mediums, who channelled gods or demons capable of expelling the demons that cause illness, were key purveyors of spirit medicine. The chapter also discusses the healing traditions of Daoism and Buddhism and their influence on folk medicine, as well as the role of charms and talismans. The last section examines the CCP’s condemnation of spirit-based therapies as quackery and the intensification of pressure on spirit healers from the mid 1960s to abandon their métier. In the countryside, people came to believe that different types of healing were suited to different types of illness, and spirit-healing adapted to new circumstances.

This chapter focuses on several entities under splenic mature B-cell leukemia/lymphoma including hairy cell leukemia (HCL), hairy cell leukemia variant (HCLv), splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma, and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. The key features are provided in recognizing each disease entity within the umbrella category of splenic B cell lymphoma/leukemia including splenic marginal zone lymphoma. For flow cytometry immunophenotyping, we illustrate the tips and pitfalls in gating, analysis, and interpretation. The chapter also extends the discussion to immunophenotypic variations of HCL/HCLv, phenotype-genotype discordance in HCL, and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis of uncertain significance (MBL) with a HCL or HCL-v phenotype.

Complex fluids can be found all around us, from molten plastics to mayonnaise, and understanding their highly nonlinear dynamics is the subject of much research.

This text introduces a common theoretical framework for understanding and predicting the flow behavior of complex fluids. This framework allows for results including a qualitative understanding of the relationship between a fluid’s behavior at the microscale of particles or macromolecules, and its macroscopic, viscoelastic properties. The author uses a microstructural approach to derive constitutive theories that remain simple enough to allow computational predictions of complicated macroscale flows.

Readers develop their intuition to learn how to approach the description of materials not covered in the book, as well as limits such as higher concentrations that require computational methods for microstructural analysis.

This monograph’s unique breadth and depth make it a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in fluid mechanics.

Explores the rise of campus entrepreneurship, tracing its roots to landmark discoveries like recombinant DNA. Discusses technology transfer, licensing offices, and startups founded by faculty and students. Emphasizes the importance of entrepreneurial activities in enhancing research impact, generating revenue, and fostering regional development.

Following our discussion of the role of the green transition in enabling economic growth, we explain in this chapter the social upheaval that low-carbon technological change will inevitably entail for the regions and social groups that stand to lose. This is about deindustrialisation and post-industrial decline that some regions of the world will face with the end of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are an inefficient and very labour-intensive way to power the global economy compared to the intelligent use of renewables and electrical applications that the green transition will deliver. However, a zero-carbon transition would imply that lots of people lose their jobs extracting, transforming, delivering and using fossil fuels and other high-carbon occupations. These jobs are typically well paid and highly concentrated geographically, which leads to very steep and abrupt socio-economic challenges. We look back at past coal transitions in the UK and across the world to try to foresee what the end of oil and gas could mean.

This chapter will highlight the major differences between qualitative and quantitative research papers, focusing on the unique aspects of planning, executing, and reporting qualitative studies. In it, we outline from start to finish the events involved in a qualitative research paper.