This chapter concerns the law of the sea, tracing its historical development. The various parts of the seas are discussed, commencing with internal waters and the territorial sea and proceeding through the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf. The extent of these zones and the identification of the relevant baselines are analysed, together with the notions of bays and islands, archipelagic states and the juridical nature of the respective zones. The rights of innocent passage and transit passage are discussed, followed by an examination of international straits. The important question of maritime delimitation of the various zones as between adjacent or opposite states is then examined, and the relevant principles as revealed in case law are analysed, including the situation as to delimitation beyond the 200-mile zones. The chapter then deals with the legal regime over the high seas, with jurisdictional issues being noted with the principle of flag state exclusivity and the exceptions thereto. The legal position as to the international seabed is then discussed with the International Seabed Authority and its organs are noted. The chapter concludes with an examination of dispute settlement mechanisms, especially the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.

A 35-year-old male with HIV presents with fever, fatigue, malaise, and a painful red rash that has spread to his abdomen and arms. He also has ulcers in his mouth and burning with urination. The primary survey reveals no respiratory distress, no cyanosis, and good peripheral pulses. The secondary survey shows purpuric macules and plaques over the neck and chest, vesicles and bullae over the extensor surfaces of the arms, and small oral erosions to bilateral buccal mucosa. The diagnosis is Stevens–Johnson syndrome, likely triggered by the patient’s recent use of a sulfur-containing antibiotic for his abscess. Critical actions include making the diagnosis based on history and physical examination, stopping the offending agent, fluid administration, dermatology consultation, and ICU or burn unit admission. Medications are the most common trigger of Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and HIV patients taking sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are at greater risk. Ocular involvement is common, and recurrence may occur with repeat exposure to the etiologic agent.

This is an emergency medicine oral boards case of an acute cerebellar infarction. In this case, a 72-year-old female presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of at least 6 hours of constant dizziness, ataxia, and incoordination. Her exam is notable for bidirectional nystagmus, left upper extremity tremor, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia and a wide-based unsteady gait. She also has a positive Rhomberg test. A noncontrast head CT is negative. A subsequent MRA/MRI of the brain reveals a left vertebral artery occlusion and an acute cerebellar infarction. Early critical actions in this case include the assessment for central causes of vertigo with a thorough history and neurologic exam, establishing time of onset, obtaining IV access and hemodynamic monitoring, ordering a noncontrast head CT and MRI/MRA of the brain, and obtaining immediate neurology and neurosurgery consultations. Blood pressure management with the goal of permissive hypertension (<220/120) is important. Once an ischemic infarction has been diagnosed, antiplatelet therapy with aspirin should be initiated. Because of the unknown time of onset (certainly more than 4.5 hours) this patient is not a candidate for thrombolytic treatment.

Politics of Friendship is a significant critique of fraternity as a model of community. Yet what is perhaps of equal importance, though less acknowledged, is its major challenge to the couple as a model for friendship. For Derrida, as we will see, it is not only that the Western philosophical tradition understands friendship through brotherhood, but that it also does so through a paradigm of friendship between two brothers. In this chapter, I will show how this is a constant target in Derrida's reading of both Michel de Montaigne and Immanuel Kant. In so doing, I will also address an interconnected question posed implicitly in the epigraph of this text: where is Levinas in Politics of Friendship? This citation appears in the closing moments of the text and reminds us that Levinas has been entirely absent from Derrida's discussion of friendship and politics. Indeed, as we can see, it is not even Derrida who adds Levinas to this text, but rather Kant who ‘would add (Levinas as) a third reliable friend’. This third friend, or even third wheel, is only introduced to shed light on – perhaps with candle in hand – this ‘legendary pair of friends’, Blanchot and Bataille. Yet Levinas here is represented as a friend, just as reliable as the other two, and ‘there from the very beginning’. What are we to make of this cryptic, intertextual passage and what does it say about the notable absence of any discussion of Levinas in Politics of Friendship?

This chapter examines ‘supernatural politics ’as practised most consciously by the Cultural Revolution Group during the Cultural Revolution, which used supernatural imagery to communicate the demonic dangers of ‘revisionism’, to exploit popular belief that surface appearances are innately deceptive (compare Liu Shaoqi and Lin Biao), and to deploy modes of magical thinking (e.g. that like begets like; that things that have been in contact with one another continue to act on one another). Notwithstanding its highly ideologized content – capitalist roaders, line struggles, revisionism – Cultural Revolution discourse ‘worked’ by playing on the turbid world of yin forces.

This chapter concerns state responsibility. Responsibility is based upon the existence of an international legal obligation in force between the states in question and a violation of that obligation imputable to the state responsible, with consequential loss or damage. The nature of the fault is discussed, as are issues as to the identity of offending persons or organs, as well as the existence of direction or control by the state. A variety of circumstances may preclude wrongfulness and thus responsibility. For example, consent or the existence of a lawful act causing the damage, such as the exercise of self-defence, or where the act constitutes a lawful countermeasure where the other state has committed a prior unlawful act. Force majeure constitutes a further example. The consequences of internationally wrongful acts include cessation or reparation. The question of serious breaches of peremptory norms (jus cogens) is also noted and the nationality of claims is analysed. The need for exhaustion of local remedies is discussed, as is the treatment of aliens and foreign property in this context.

This chapter concerns international environmental law. It commences with a consideration of an argued human right to a clean environment and the increasing case law on this issue. The relationship between economic development and environmental protection is also addressed, before the key question of state responsibility is surveyed. The appropriate standard, whether or not actual damage is caused, the question of transboundary harm arising from hazardous activities, environmental impact assessments, the precautionary and polluter-pays principles are examined before turning to the range of international treaties on this topic. The question of atmospheric pollution is addressed before the chapter turns to a consideration of climate change and the various international instruments concerning this, including the important Paris Agreement of 2015. Environmental issues and outer space are then discussed, followed by a section on international watercourses and one on ultra-hazardous activities. Questions as to the requirements for the provision of information and assistance are covered.

This chapter explores those who reject theism and all forms of supernaturalism, yet also reject secular worldviews. What characterizes religious naturalists is that they find religious meaning, values, and importance solely in nature, believing that nature is sacred.

By now, we have established firmly that the green transition will cause accelerated economic growth. By the performance-stability trade-off discussed in Chapter 3, this accelerated growth could occur at the expense of economic stability. This is because the green transition will cause untold upheaval. In this chapter, we lay out the pace and scale of this likely upheaval, looking at the great transformation that inevitably has to take place across industry, trade, investment and geopolitical power. Different countries will face different challenges, some gaining in international economic power, others losing. This will inevitably lead to a brand new map of international relations worldwide, of debtor–creditor relationships, of trade relationships and of international purchasing power. We discuss the challenges that developing countries face in financing a transition towards environmental and financial sustainability.

We review various aspects of Sasaki-Einstein and GK geometry, emphasising their similarities, interconnections and significance for the \index{Anti de Sitter} AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular, we highlight the key role that physical considerations have played in formulating geometric extremization principles, which have been instrumental in both understanding the geometry and identifying the corresponding dual field theories.

Chapter 9 is the last of four chapters to consider one element of the Dominican liturgy, focussing here on the melodic and modal qualities of Dominican chant before and after the mid-thirteenth-century liturgical revision. The chapter opens with a consideration of the melodic characteristics of Dominican chant; Cistercian melodies were clearly an initial source of inspiration for the Dominican mass chants. A comparison of the melodies of a twelfth-century Cistercian gradual (Paris, BnF, lat. 17328) with key thirteenth-century Dominican mass books reveals that the Dominican revision maintained many Cistercian characteristics (such as abbreviated melismas and a preference for minor thirds over major seconds), while reducing the incidence of repetition and reversing the Cistercian transposition of the modes of alleluias. To close, the chapter investigates cases of palaeographical anomalies at points of melodic revision in the first authoritative ‘exemplar’ of the revised liturgy (Rome, Santa Sabina XIV L 1), and considers what these reveal about both the production and revision process.

Remote area nursing is a unique and challenging role, characterised by geographical, social and professional isolation. Remote area nurses (RANs) are generalist specialist nurses who predominantly work in remote Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities but can also be found working in communities established around activities such as mining, agriculture, fishing, tourism and refugee detention facilities. They coordinate and deliver a diverse range of healthcare services in remote and extreme environments with limited resources. This chapter reflects on the authors’ practice and experience of working as RANs. It explores the scope of RAN practice and discusses complexities such as cultural obligation, cultural safety, burden of disease and isolation when working in a remote Indigenous community. It reflects on our experiences in different remote nursing roles and jurisdictions.

This chapter provides comprehensive guidance on creating and presenting effective academic posters in both traditional and digital formats. It details essential elements of poster design, from crafting compelling titles to organizing content sections like abstracts, methods, and results. The chapter emphasizes the importance of visual storytelling, offering practical strategies for maintaining simplicity, readability, and professional presentation. Special attention is given to digital poster considerations, including interactive features and multimedia integration. It addresses crucial aspects of poster presentation etiquette, such as developing an effective elevator speech, engaging with viewers appropriately, and managing both in-person and online interactions.