Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) commonly presents as unilateral leg swelling and pain. Risk factors for DVT include malignancy, recent surgery, history of DVT/PE, genetic predisposition to a hypercoagulable state, hospitalization, OCP/hormone replacement, pregnancy, and prolonged immobilization. D-dimer can help rule out DVT in patients with a low suspicion for DVT. Ultrasound, specifically compression ultrasonography, is a reliable way to diagnose DVT. Failure of a vein to completely compress with compression ultrasonography is diagnostic of a thrombus. Outpatient treatment with direct oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban and apixaban is typical. Some patients may be treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), or LMWH bridge to warfarin. Patients with a DVT should also be evaluated for signs or symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE).

Seizure can have multiple precipitating factors. A broad initial differential diagnosis is critical to rapidly identify the underlying etiology of seizure, including hypoglycemia, hypoxemia, intracranial hemorrhage or infection, electrolyte abnormalities, withdrawal, or underlying epilepsy. One specific cause of seizure is pregnancy in the third trimester, termed eclampsia. Risk factors for eclampsia include young or old age, primigravida or nulliparity, multifetal gestations, obesity, chronic hypertension, kidney disease, and diabetes. The management of eclampsia includes magnesium sulfate and blood pressure control as needed. Magnesium sulfate can be given as a 4−6 g IV bolus, followed by a continuous infusion of 2 g per hour, with monitoring for magnesium toxicity as evidenced by loss of deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, or respiratory depression. Magnesium toxicity can be treated with calcium gluconate. Elevated blood pressure refractory to magnesium administration should be treated with antihypertensives, including intravenous labetalol or hydralazine, or oral nifedipine. Blood pressure targets are a systolic blood pressure of less than 160 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of less than 110 mmHg. Emergent obstetrics consultation is required, as delivery of the fetus is the only definitive treatment.

This chapter is a light and short review on the geometry of hypermultiplets coupled to supergravity and its appearance in string theory. As is long known, the target space of the hypermultiplet sigma-model is a quaternion-Kähler (QK) manifold of negative scalar curvature. We review some aspects of hypermultiplet moduli spaces, but also study aspects of QK-geometries in relation to the swampland, including some concrete examples of swampland QK-manifolds.

Now in its second edition, this handbook is a current overview of second language (L2) research, providing state-of-the-art synopses of recent developments in each subarea of the field and bringing together contributions by emerging scholars and experts in second language acquisition (SLA). Since the first edition, broad sociopolitical movements, alternative views of bilingualism, emergence of global markets, vast expansion of electronic resources, the development of social media and the availability of big data have transformed the discipline, and this edition has been thoroughly updated to address these changes. It is divided into six main parts: Part I situates SLA in terms of research and practice; Part II explores individual cognitive, age-related and neurolinguistic similarities and differences; Part III outlines external, sociocultural and interactive factors; Part IV presents profiles of bilinguals who take differing paths of acquisition; Part V describes interlanguage properties; and Part VI comprises clear models of L2 development.

Only the very best proposals even have a chance of success, and many that meet all of the scientific criteria for funding are not funded, simply because of a lack of money. Therefore, it is important to know how to write a grant proposal to maximize your chances of getting funded. In this chapter, we describe some basics of proposals, some keys to writing good proposals, and some things that agencies look for in making funding decisions.

The chapter provides an introduction to the sociocultural analysis of second language (L2) acquisition as a process of socialization by and through the learning of an additional language. It offers a discussion of socio-cultural institutions and communities involved in L2 learning as well as a description of the development of language repertoire in additional language learning as a social accomplishment. The chapter opens on a summary of the controversy that arose in the early 2000s between the cognitive and the socially-oriented Second Language Acquisition (SLA) paradigms. Bypassing this divisive debate, the chapter focusses on the diversity of approaches to additional language learning within the sociocultural paradigm. Key concepts of sociocultural SLA research such as social integration, agency, identity and power relations as well as affordance and language repertoire are defined. A framework of analysis for the learner’s language repertoire is presented. Finally, the chapter recalls issues in the study of naturalistic SLA as a privileged area of research in light of the sociocultural paradigm. Longitudinal data from one migrant worker are analysed to illustrate the social and linguistic development of his language repertoire. In conclusion, the chapter charts some pending issues for the sociocultural analysis of L2 socialization.

This chapter investigates the ways in which Percy and Mary Shelley engaged with the idea of witchcraft. In The Witch of Atlas Percy Shelley playfully poses the question: what if God (or Christ) was a witch with a sense of humor? Like her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, and other Romantic-era women, Mary Shelley was suspicious of representations of female magic. All her novels chronicle how women who have or pretend to possess power, supernatural or otherwise, are inevitably sidelined or written out of the narrative by the men they love and the collusion of the social and historical contexts in which they find themselves. The chapter concludes with an extended analysis of her novel, Valperga, arguing that the introduction of the figure of the witch enables Shelley to finish the novel that she struggled with and to find a way to avenge the wrongs done to the other two female characters.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a mature T-cell neoplasm characterized by large pleomorphic cells with uniformly strong CD30 expression and ALK rearrangement with protein expression. This chapter focuses on the immunophenotypic features of ALK+ ALCL, including the common and uncommon morphologic patterns such as the small cell/lymphohistiocytic patterns. The differential diagnosis of ALK+ ALCL is also discussed, with a focus on the findings of flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis, including peripheral T-cell lymphoma, reactive lymphohistiocytic proliferations, T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia/myeloid sarcoma, and ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma. Flow cytometric immunophenotypic features that can be helpful for the differential diagnosis are discussed.