Cyber disinformation is a global, very sophisticated phenomenon, capable of producing negative consequences on democratic values and institutions. This chapter argues that individual behavior of users plays a key role in the control of the phenomenon and aims to identify factors that impact on users’ behavioral intentions and cyber hygiene behavior. This chapter integrates the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior and a Structural Equation Model, realized through Partial Least Square – –Structural Equation Modeling, applied to the cyber disinformation phenomenon. The research data were collected using a questionnaire administered in Poland and Romania and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model. The model’s parameters were processed using the SmartPLS software. The reliability of the variables was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha and Composite Reliability. The research revealed the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior model and found that Moral Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control have an impact on Behavioral Intention and Cyber Hygiene Behavior. The findings of this chapter can provide stakeholders with important insights that can lead to improved responses to the phenomenon.

In September 1522, Martin Luther published his German translation of the New Testament. Each of the four Gospels opened with a woodcut initial depicting its apostle seated with a codex. Each apostle was identified by his symbol; otherwise, Matthew, Mark (lion), and Luke (ox) might have been taken for humanists in their studies, small cramped spaces with narrow windows. Lucas Cranach depicted Matthew (Figure 28), Mark, and Luke each holding a stylus, seated at a desk writing in the codex; Matthew and Mark are writing at the bottom of the right-hand page of a codex. John (Figure 29) was significantly different: seated not at a desk, not in a study, but outdoors in a landscape framed by a medieval town and mountains. He, too, held a stylus, but on a page already lined past his hand, a specific place in what was so visibly a complete text. Alone among the four, John was depicted in apostolic robes.

This chapter explores gender and sexuality in the earliest Italian lyrics, via the themes of love and religion, positioned through modern creative critics such as Anne Carson and the medieval Italian theologian Thomas Aquinas. Howie shows how reading these poems can become a mutually constitutive interpretative exercise, thereby liberating new meanings. The chapter reads a number of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century poems by authors including Lapo Gianni, Dante Alighieri, Guido Guinizzelli, the so-called Compiuta Donzella, Antonio Pucci, Iacopone da Todi, and the anonymous authors of a Jewish-Italian elegy and Christian nativity poem, exploring how religious and poetic erotic discourse interact with each other. Through examples of the nursing baby Jesus and St Francis’s stigmata, Howie invites us as readers to participate in these accounts of embodied desire. Howie thus explores the materiality of secular, sacred and supernatural bodies, both within the medieval and within contemporary frames of reference.

This chapter explores how multinational corporate groups use jurisdictional arbitrage not only to minimize taxation but also to evade liability. Drawing on the concept of CCMCEs, it outlines how corporate planners exploit legal fragmentation to construct liability-resistant structures through techniques such as the Texas two-step, fuse entities, and passive investor emulation. These structures shield parent companies from exposure to tort, regulatory, or criminal liability by disaggregating ownership and control, manipulating corporate registration across jurisdictions, and creating specialized entities designed to absorb legal shocks. The chapter distinguishes between reactive liability strategies, such as dissolving subsidiaries post-litigation, and anticipatory approaches that embed risk insulation directly into the corporate form. Using case studies of Cape Industries, Johnson & Johnson, and the Trump Organization, and data from the CORPLINK project, it illustrates how fuse-like arrangements are deployed to shift liability risk down corporate chains while maintaining control. It argues that liability arbitrage, like tax arbitrage, relies on regulatory gaps between jurisdictions and is often mistaken for mere tax avoidance. Ultimately, such practices erode legal accountability and contribute to a structural ‘race to the bottom’ in corporate regulation.

This chapter returns to the import of marriage as an institution at the interface between intimate, personal lives and wider political transformation. It highlights the experiences of those who have remained unmarried beyond the usual marrying age and draws on discussions of ethical imagination from earlier in the book to explore some submerged connections between non-marriage and social activism. The multiple temporalities in which reflecting on marriage occurs (here by those who remain unmarried) reveal how such judgements constitute imaginative and political work. Involvement in gender-related activism is a possible trajectory for those concerned about women’s or LGBTQ rights. The potential fractures between conservative Islam and the more liberal attitudes of urban, middle-class, youthful Malaysians constitute a zone of contention – but also, for some, a suggestive field for imaginative reflection about their own situation, about the marriage of their parents or those of siblings or friends. In these fissures, transformative standpoints and visions may carry the seeds of wider political change.

The Quaternary period, which began 2.58 million years ago and continues to the present day, is distinctive for its significant climate variability. Understanding the mechanisms of climate change during this period and the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and temperature is hugely important in improving our ability to develop models to predict future climate change. This book discusses the main methods of empirical climatology and the models used to address different aspects of Quaternary climate dynamics, offering a multidisciplinary view of past and future climate changes. It examines the proposed mechanisms of Quaternary climate variability, including glacial cycles and abrupt climate changes, and their relationship to the intrinsic instability of ocean circulation and ice sheets. Including a final chapter on the Anthropocene, it provides a comprehensive overview of Quaternary and modern climate dynamics for graduate students and researchers working in paleoclimatology and climate change science.

The aim of this volume is to showcase a distinctive approach to interpreting Kant’s writings, which emphasizes those elements in his thinking that derive from the Scholastic-Aristotelian tradition. We call instances of this approach Aristotelian Readings of Kant (ARs). In this introduction, we set out central characteristics of the approach and give an overview of the essays collected here.

This collection addresses some of the injustices associated with modern European politics. It begins by addressing the evils of conquest, of Christian oppression and the crusades. Then follows a series of poems denouncing the human debasement and the immorality of slavery. Nationalism is decried. Some European defenders of peace and justice are cited, including Bartolomé de Las Casas, Fénelon, and Montesquieu. Their contribution to a more just history of humankind, described here as a natural history of humankind, is acknowledged. Prominent historical figures such as Vasco de Gama, Afonso de Albuquerque, Hernán Cortés, and Francisco Pizarro are condemned for their acts of conquest. A model of perpetual peace based on universal fairness, humaneness, and active reason is put forward as an alternative to that offered by Kant. On this basis, several practical dispositions to peace are given. The damaging effects of a history based on illusions of progress are described, and, with James Burnett, Lord of Monboddo, as an example, a non-teleological history is promoted. The collection ends with an appeal to true Christianity, which is seen as dictating the good of all humanity.

The book ends with a brief discussion of key conclusions. My four substantive chapters demonstrate different accounts of making-good-again. Read together, they show how the conduct of restitution emerges as a material question of responsibility which is asked through texts and objects in different genres, including law. Responsibility as a material practice is shown to be dynamic, contingent and contextual, shaped by personae and places.

For a long time, criminal justice typically operated through the human body. Historically, the intentional infliction of severe physical harm, such as through quartering and the rack, has been central to both criminal investigation and punishment. This centrality of the human body in criminal justice arguably changed with the rise of carceral punishment and, as of the mid 1900s, with the emergence of human rights protection to the integrity of persons. Yet, it is still the case that nowadays the use of physical force by state officials makes many appearances in modern criminal justice, ranging from handcuffing, taking bodily material for DNA analysis and using pepper spray on arrest, to physical force strip searches in prison and mechanical restraint in forensic hospitals. Moreover, capital punishment, as the supreme corporal sanction, is permitted under international human rights law and still applies in many jurisdictions worldwide.