The Introduction sets the scene by outlining the lives of the book’s main protagonists, young women in Calabar, and the types of uncertainty that shape their lives. The discussion builds up an understanding of the complex and opaque social terrain that these young women must deftly navigate as they work towards a future marked by marriage. In urban Nigeria, the belief in the unseen compounds other political, economic, and physical uncertainties that shape everyday life, contributing to an understanding that nothing is ever quite as it seems. The discussion outlines how young women, far from only falling victim to the irregularities of life in Calabar, turn uncertainty into a resource that they can use to manage their reputations and realise their much hoped-for futures. As well as establishing how the book contributes to anthropological and Africanist literature on uncertainty, the Introduction also opens the debate on the time of youth in Africa by focusing on feminine livelihoods and respectability. The Introduction also provides context of fieldwork and research methodology and provides a chapter outline of the rest of the book.

This chapter presents a scheme for best estimating the age of a fracture in a young child. It describes the features of healing fractures in children. It presents the current literature, addressing rates of healing, factors that may affect healing and how the radiographic findings change during phases of healing. In addition, the authors emphasize the role a radiologist plays in the establishment of an injury timeline. By understanding the contemporary literature, a reader will be able to estimate the age of fractures using the healing features depicted on a radiograph or series of radiographs.

The concepts of vulnerability and relational equality have been attracting growing interest in recent years. Human vulnerability is considered by a number of moral and political philosophers and legal theorists as central to rethinking the conception of the person, the subject of the law, and thus the obligations that institutions have towards their citizens.1 For many, vulnerability represents a novel perspective from which to reflect on a variety of problems in moral and political philosophy, such as the nature of autonomy,2 and different fields of bioethics, research ethics, and health ethics.3 On the other hand, the concept of equality, hitherto most often defined as a matter of distribution of certain goods, has been reframed as primarily concerning the quality of social relations.4 Philosophers working in this new egalitarian vein have explored the nature of relational equality and egalitarian relationships, and their implications in all domains of social life.

A thorough understanding of the fundamental aspects of radiologic image formation is key to assessing the appropriateness, advantages, limitations and potential risks in the imaging evaluation of child abuse. This chapter reviews two of the most frequently used imaging modalities that utilize ionizing radiation; planar digital radiography and CT. It is accompanied by a summary of the lesser-used techniques of x-ray fluoroscopy and nuclear medicine (planar gamma camera imaging, single photon emission CT, positron emission tomography). The purpose of this work is to offer the reader, whether radiologist, nonradiologist physician or allied health provider (medical radiation technologist, nurse, etc.) a sufficient accounting of the physical principles, technology and radiation dose considerations of these imaging choices to supplement their clinical expertise in making imaging decisions for their patients. Special attention will be allotted to core concepts of radiation dose and its practical and contextual considerations. Familiarity with typical dose estimates across relevant patient size and age is essential for planning and relative risk assessment. Communicating radiation risk in the context of benefit remains a core responsibility of all associated with medical imaging, one that should be embraced, and not feared, by the clinical team.

The computer metaphor invites views on mental, neural, and behavioral processes built around the input–output relations between an inner and an outer domain usually cast in terms of information processing. This metaphor also operates in ways that make the material constitution and context of these processes and domains less relevant. There are two problems here. First, the metaphor suggests that we know more about these processes and domains than we actually do. Second, the metaphor also shields this unwarranted confidence from the life sciences’ broader empirical context, which provides examples and conceptual frameworks that bear critically on much work within the cognitive, neural, and behavioral sciences. In both ways, the computer metaphor limits the range of conceptual and empirical options to make further progress. By discarding the computer metaphor and positioning the various cognitive sciences within the general life science domain, new views on minds, brains, and behavior become possible that have a closer fit to the other sciences. The early evolution of the nervous systems will be used as a showcase that provides new approaches to understanding cognitive and experiential phenomena.

In this chapter, I offer an account of the kind of freedom that alreadypertains to natural life. It begins by laying out how Hegel’s account of the freedom of life is related back to his critiques of Kant’s practical philosophy: his objections against the empty formalism of the moral law, the bad infinity of the ought, and the paradox of self-legislation. It reveals that all of these critiques are based on Hegel’s fundamental insight that self-determination has to be construed as a mode of living self-constitution. Hegel first develops this notion of self-constitution in his account of animal life, revealing both the freedom of natural life and why it still falls short of true spiritual freedom. Drawing on his Philosophy of Nature, the chapter reconstructs the ways in which animal life constitutes itself through the process of shape, the process of assimilation, and the genus-process. This reconstruction gives us a concrete understanding of self-constitution and reveals how self-determination can be a natural reality. At the same time, Hegel’s analysis of the inherent limitations of animal nature reveals the ways in which the freedom of spiritual self-constitution goes beyond animal self-constitution. The chapter argues that Hegel does not hold an additive view according to which our spiritual self-constitution is just tacked onto our animal self-constitution, but endorses a transformative view. It develops the way in which Hegel’s dialectical version of the transformative view is superior to contemporary Neo-Aristotelian varieties of the transformative view.

This chapter, written by a team of radiologists, a pathologist and a child abuse pediatrician, focuses on extra-axial hemorrhage, i.e., epidural, subdural, subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage, in relation to abusive head trauma. For each, an in-depth discussion of the hemorrhage and it’s clinical presentation in combination with imaging and neuropathological considerations is presented. In the section on subdural hematomas (SDHs), attention is also focused on birth-related SDHs and SDHs in children with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space. Other types of subdural collections are presented, although with a more limited scope.

Given the relevance in child abuse investigations the authors also present data helpful in differentiating between accidental and nonaccidental causes of extra-axial hemorrhage and on the potential of imaging and neuropathologic examinations in dating the traumatic event leading to the extra-axial hemorrhage.

On February 24, 2021, two Newar activists, Suman Sayami and Birochan Shrestha, found themselves behind bars for speaking their native language. As representatives of an advocacy group for the victims of the city's road expansion project, they had visited the police station to meet six protestors who had been arrested earlier that day at the construction site of a major highway exit at Bajalu, Kathmandu. These protestors were part of a group of locals who were demonstrating against the city for unfairly appropriating their land and demolishing their homes for road expansion. At the police station, Suman and Birochan spoke with the jailed activists in Nepalbhasa, a language the police officers did not understand. When the police told them to speak in Nepali, they refused to comply, and they too were taken into custody (Deśasancāra 2021).

Although they were all released by the Supreme Court's order the following week, the incident ignited a wave of outrage and protests across the city. In the days following their arrest, protestors gathered at Indrachowk in Kathmandu, holding placards and chanting slogans declaiming language rights, land rights, Newar unity, and justice for the victims of the state's land encroachment (AawaajNews 2021). This incident was a reminder that language is a crucial aspect of power dynamics, especially in the context of a multilingual nation like Nepal where language hierarchies have shaped unequal access to social, economic, and political power. As Nepali is widely recognized as the official language of the country, the police officers saw Nepalbhasa as a threat to their authority and sought to silence it. This rendered the act of speaking in the language – especially in institutional spaces like the police station – an affront to authority and, thus, a political act.

This chapter reflects on the core contributions of the book to the study of memory, transitional justice and peacebuilding. First, it highlights conceptual contributions in rethinking the nature of public amnesia as an active form of labour. Following this, it notes the rich empirical findings on the diversity of ways in which the negation of and disengagement with the past operate, and the diverse ways in which this imprints into materiality, affecting sites of violence and those who encounter them. The chapter also highlights contributions to a dynamic understanding of amnesia and the comparative politics of transition, noting how diverse regimes of memory form based on the type of transition, and how these change over time. Finally, the chapter closes by highlighting the contributions to our understanding of the intersection between public amnesia and peacebuilding.