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158537 results in Cambridge Library Collection

Page 200 of 7927

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
  • Charles Darwin
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    26 September 2013
    First published in:
    1872
  • When this monograph was first published in 1872, there already existed a good deal of thought on facial expression via the study of physiognomy; this work, notes Charles Darwin (1809–82), was full of 'surprising nonsense'. Setting aside the assumption of previous studies that human facial muscles were created specifically for a range of expressions unique to the species, Darwin sets out here to make a systematic study of both human and animal expression. The range of his research is extraordinarily wide: he not only experimented on himself, but observed infants, consulted doctors in psychiatric hospitals and sent out requests to missionaries and travellers for first-hand notes on the expressions of aboriginal peoples. Learned, meticulous and illustrated with an impressive array of drawings, photographs and engravings, Darwin's work stands as an important contribution to the study of human behaviour and its origins.

The Mines of South Australia, Including Also an Account of the Smelting Works in that Colony
  • Together with a Brief Description of the Country, and Incidents of Travel in the Bush
  • J. B. Austin
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    06 May 2013
    First published in:
    1863
  • The British journalist and mining expert John Baptist Austin (1827–96) moved to Adelaide as a young man with his family. During the 1850s he became closely involved in the South Australian mining industry and the gold rush in Victoria. Austin was rewarded for his outstanding expertise and became secretary of several corporations, including the Adelaide and West Kanmantoo mining companies. His extensive knowledge is reflected in this work, first published in 1863. Offering a first-hand account of South Australian mining culture, it contains a great many descriptions of individual mines along with details of the everyday life of the miners. The book also provides insight into the region's Cornish mining heritage: many mines were named 'Wheal', family names such as 'Rodda' are mentioned, and direct comparisons of the mineralogy and the regulations for mineral prospecting are made.

Heat Considered as a Mode of Motion
  • Being a Course of Twelve Lectures Delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in the Season of 1862
  • John Tyndall
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    13 February 2014
    First published in:
    1863
  • Professor of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution between 1853 and 1887, the physicist and mountaineer John Tyndall (1820–93) passionately sought to share scientific understanding with the Victorian public. A lucid and highly regarded communicator, he lectured on such topics as heat, light, magnetism and electricity. In this collection of twelve lectures, first published in 1863, Tyndall discusses the general properties of heat and its associated physical processes, such as convection, conduction and radiation. He presents concepts so that they are intelligible to non-specialists, and helpful illustrations of laboratory equipment accompany his descriptions of experiments and phenomena. Throughout, he explains the research and discoveries of renowned scientists, including Sir Humphry Davy, Julius von Mayer, James Prescott Joule, and Hermann von Helmholtz. Several of Tyndall's other publications, from his lectures on sound to his exploration of alpine glaciers, are also reissued in this series.

Cours d'analyse de l'ecole polytechnique
  • Volume 3, Calcul intégral; équations différentielles
  • Camille Jordan
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    21 November 2013
  • One of the great algebraists of the nineteenth century, Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (1838–1922) became known for his work on matrices, Galois theory and group theory. However, his most profound effect on how we see mathematics came through his Cours d'analyse, which appeared in three editions. Reissued here is the first edition, which was published in three volumes between 1882 and 1887. While highly influential in its time, it now appears to us a transitional work between the partially rigorous 'epsilon delta' calculus of Cauchy and his successors, and the new 'real number' analysis of Weierstrass and Cantor. The first two volumes follow the old tradition while the third volume incorporates a substantial amount of the new analysis. Ten years later, the even more influential second edition followed the new point of view from its start. Volume 3 (1887) covers the integration of differential equations and the calculus of variations.

Miscellaneous Observations Relating to Education
  • More Especially as it Respects the Conduct of the Mind
  • Joseph Priestley
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    31 October 2013
    First published in:
    1778
  • The English polymath Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) wrote on a wide range of scientific, theological and pedagogical subjects. After the appearance of his influential Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) and A Course of Lectures on the Theory of Language and Universal Grammar (1762), both of which are reissued in this series, Priestley produced in 1765 his Essay on a Course of Liberal Education, which is included and expanded on in this 1778 publication. Here he explains the reasons behind his decision to guide the curriculum at Warrington Academy towards a greater focus on subjects with a more direct application to 'civil and active life'. He offers more general instruction on the cultivation of young men in various spheres, notably through foreign travel and developing 'knowledge of the world'. Priestley ends by outlining a suggested course of lectures on the history and laws of England.

Of the Decorative Illustration of Books Old and New
  • Walter Crane
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    02 January 2014
  • Published in 1896 at the peak of his career, this work by Walter Crane (1845–1915) was developed from a series of lectures given to the Society of Arts in 1889. Although chiefly remembered as an illustrator of books for children, Crane was a versatile and knowledgeable artist and designer. His practical experience with book illustration and printing methods gives this text the weight of considerable authority. A prominent figure in the Arts and Crafts movement alongside William Morris, he demonstrates here his understanding of historical techniques of illustration since the medieval period. Drawing parallels across the ages, Crane notes in particular how Arts and Crafts aesthetics influenced book illustration in the late Victorian era. Featuring copious reproductions of illustrations ranging in date, style, technique and sophistication, this work reflects Crane's artistic ethos through the exploration of many examples of exquisite craftsmanship.

Some Reminiscences
  • Volume 2
  • William Michael Rossetti
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    06 June 2013
    First published in:
    1906
  • William Michael Rossetti (1829–1919) made himself the diarist, chronicler and champion of one of the most creative Victorian families. This two-volume memoir of 1906 provides an unparalleled glimpse into the dynamics of the Rossettis, covering his own childhood and that of his siblings, the genesis of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and friendships with such outstanding figures as Morris, Burne-Jones, Swinburne and the Brownings. In fact, many of the members of the Victorian art and literary world make an appearance at some point in these volumes. But what is so engaging about the work is the way in which William Michael treats these personalities straightforwardly and unpretentiously. Especially fascinating are the observations that deal with intimate family details, his thoughts about brother Dante Gabriel and his attitude to sister Christina as her work developed. Though what he says is not always completely candid, his remarks remain uniquely informed, subtle and telling.

Nollekens and his Times
  • Comprehending a Life of that Celebrated Sculptor, and Memoirs of Several Contemporary Artists
  • Volume 1
  • John Thomas Smith
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    13 February 2014
    First published in:
    1828
  • The sculptor Joseph Nollekens (1737–1823) was famed for his portrait busts of leading figures of his day. While working in Italy in the 1760s, he established contacts among a group of aristocratic British patrons, going on to become London's most fashionable sculptor upon his return to England in 1771. The draughtsman and antiquary John Thomas Smith (1766–1833) had been at one time a pupil of Nollekens. It is believed that this anecdotal two-volume biography, first published in 1828, was written as an act of revenge. Having been promised a considerable legacy in the sculptor's will, Smith was disappointed to receive only an executor's fee. The work contains little analysis concerning the sculptor's art, relating instead much gossip and anecdotes of a personal nature. Nonetheless, it presents a vivid picture of the London art world at that time. Volume 1 concentrates on aspects of Nollekens' character, habits and opinions.

Die Ausdehnungslehre
  • Vollständig und in strenger Form bearbeitet
  • Hermann Grassmann
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    16 October 2013
  • In 1844, the Prussian schoolmaster Hermann Grassmann (1809–77) published Die Lineale Ausdehnungslehre (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). This revolutionary work anticipated the modern theory of vector spaces and exterior algebras. It was little understood at the time and the few sympathetic mathematicians, rather than trying harder to comprehend it, urged Grassmann to write an extended version of his theories. The present work is that version, first published in 1862. However, this also proved too far ahead of its time and Grassmann turned to historical linguistics, in which field his contributions are still remembered. His mathematical work eventually found champions such as Hankel, Peano, Whitehead and Élie Cartan, and it is now recognised for the brilliant achievement that it was in the history of mathematics.

Diophantos of Alexandria
  • A Study in the History of Greek Algebra
  • T. L. Heath
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    20 March 2014
  • The Greek mathematician Diophantos of Alexandria lived during the third century CE. Apart from his age (he reached eighty-four), very little else is known about his life. Even the exact form of his name is uncertain, and only a few incomplete manuscripts of his greatest work, Arithmetica, have survived. In this impressive scholarly investigation, first published in 1885, Thomas Little Heath (1861–1940) meticulously presents what can be gleaned from Greek, Latin and Arabic sources, and guides the reader through the algebraist's idiosyncratic style of mathematics, discussing his notation and originality. This was the first thorough survey of Diophantos' work to appear in English. Also reissued in this series are Heath's two-volume History of Greek Mathematics, his treatment of Greek astronomy through the work of Aristarchus of Samos, and his edition in modern notation of the Treatise on Conic Sections by Apollonius of Perga.

Lectures on the Science of Language
  • Delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1861
  • Volume 1
  • F. Max Müller
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    26 September 2013
  • Born in Germany and trained in Greek, Latin and Sanskrit, Friedrich Max Müller (1823–1900) settled at Oxford, where he would become the university's first professor of comparative philology. Best known for his work on the Rig Veda, he brought the comparative study of language, mythology and religion to a wider audience in Victorian Britain. His lectures at the Royal Institution, published in two volumes between 1861 and 1864, were reprinted fifteen times before the end of the century. Volume 1 contains the nine 1861 lectures, in which Max Müller aligns the science of language with the physical sciences, breaking his subject down into the three stages that he argues mark the history of any branch of human knowledge: the empirical, the classificatory and the theoretical. Hugely successful at the time - George Eliot was particularly enthused - the lectures remain instructive reading in the history of linguistics.

The History of England from the Accession of James I to that of the Brunswick Line
  • Volume 7
  • Catharine Macaulay
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    19 September 2013
  • A landmark in female historiography, this work first appeared in eight volumes between 1763 and 1783. Notable for her radical politics and her influence on American revolutionary ideology, Catharine Macaulay (1731–91) drew diligently on untapped seventeenth-century sources to craft her skilful yet inevitably biased narrative. Seen as a Whig response to David Hume's Tory perspective on English history, the early volumes made Macaulay a literary sensation in the 1760s. Later instalments were less rapturously received by those critics who took exception to her republican views. Both the product and a portrait of tumultuous ages, the work maintains throughout a strong focus on the fortunes of political liberty. Volume 7 (1781) deals with the period following the end of the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1674, extending to the trial and execution of Algernon Sidney in 1683.

The Works, Literary, Moral, and Medical, of Thomas Percival, M.D.
  • To Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of his Life and Writings, and a Selection from his Literary Correspondence
  • Volume 4
  • Thomas Percival
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    21 November 2013
  • A physician and medical reformer enthused by the scientific and cultural progress of the Enlightenment as it took hold in Britain, Thomas Percival (1740–1804) wrote on many topics, including public health and demography. His influential Medical Ethics (also reissued in this series) is considered the first modern formulation. In 1807, his son Edward published this four-volume collection of his father's diverse work. Some of the items here had never been published before, including a selection of Percival's private correspondence and a biographical account written by Edward. Volume 4 contains the third and fourth parts of Percival's Essays Medical and Experimental, which were completed following the revised edition that is reissued separately in one volume in the Cambridge Library Collection. The essays reflect Percival's wide range of interests, such as the regulation of hospitals and prisons, and the medical abnormalities he sometimes observed in his patients.

The Orations of St Athanasius Against the Arians
  • According to the Benedictine Text
  • Athanasius
  • Edited by William Bright
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    20 March 2014
  • In the fourth century, a group of Christians who followed the teachings of Arius, an Alexandrian presbyter, claimed that Christ was not truly divine but a created being. According to Arius, God alone is unique and self-existent: the Son is not. Although Arianism was condemned as heretical at the Council of Nicaea in 325, it continued to exert significant influence. Patriarch of Alexandria, St Athanasius (c.296–373) was among the most vigorous defenders of the orthodox view of the divinity of Christ. This 1873 publication presents the original Greek of four polemical orations directed against the Arian heretics. Also included is an account of Athanasius' life and a commentary on his work provided by William Bright (1824–1901), Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Oxford, who specialised in the history of the early church.

Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart
  • Volume 7
  • John Gibson Lockhart
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    13 November 2012
    First published in:
    1838
  • As son-in-law and literary executor to Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832), John Gibson Lockhart (1794–1854) was uniquely placed to produce a definitive biography of the great poet and novelist. First published in 1837–8, shortly after Scott's death, this celebrated seven-volume work is based on personal memories, correspondence, and Scott's own autobiographical sketches. Wide-ranging in his purview, Lockhart is also detailed in his descriptions: the Aberdeen Journal of the day observed that the volumes trace Scott's life and literary efforts with 'the most minute distinctness'. Volume 7 covers the period from 1826 until Scott's death in 1832. This was perhaps the darkest chapter in Scott's life, during which his financial woes forced him to sell the copyright for the Waverley novels. This final volume also includes an appendix listing Scott's publications as well as an index of names.

An Historical Essay on Architecture
  • Volume 1
  • Thomas Hope
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    13 February 2014
  • With a fondness for classical antiquities and neoclassical design, the connoisseur Thomas Hope (1769–1831) sought to influence Georgian taste by promoting informed interior decoration, displaying his own considerable art collection, and writing with insight on aesthetic topics. This two-volume work, originally published posthumously in 1835, traces the evolution of Western architecture since antiquity. Hope was a keen traveller, and the examples he cites are drawn from buildings that he studied on journeys through Europe and beyond, notably in those countries bordering the Mediterranean. Reissued here in the third edition that appeared in 1840, Volume 1 examines how religions, climates, landscapes and prevailing mores shaped the architectural preferences of civilisations from ancient Egypt to the Gothic revival, as well as how different cultures adapted foreign or ancient architectural innovations for their own ends.

History of British Birds
  • Volume 1, Containing the History and Description of Land Birds
  • Thomas Bewick
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    05 September 2013
  • Thomas Bewick (1753–1828) is synonymous with finely crafted wood engravings of the natural world, and his instantly recognisable style influenced book illustration well into the nineteenth century. During his childhood in the Tyne valley, his two obsessions were art and nature. At fourteen, he was apprenticed to the engraver and businessman Ralph Beilby (1743–1817) with whom he later published A General History of Quadrupeds (also reissued in this series). The present work, with its text compiled from various sources, was the first practical field guide for the amateur ornithologist, inspiring also artists and writers. Each of the two volumes contains hundreds of illustrations of breathtaking beauty and precision: one for each species, neatly capturing its character in exquisite detail, interspersed with charming vignettes of country life. Volume 1, first published in 1797, covers land birds, including eagles, owls, sparrows and finches.

The State of the Prisons in England and Wales
  • With Preliminary Observations and an Account of Some Foreign Prisons
  • John Howard
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    27 June 2013
  • First published in 1777 by the philanthropist John Howard (1726–90), this work was intended for as wide a readership as possible. Based on research from more than 300 visits to at least 230 different penal institutions on his extensive travels around Great Britain, Ireland and continental Europe, The State of the Prisons was a vital early contribution to the cause of penal reform. It provided, for the first time, systematic evidence of poor management and degrading conditions in institutions at home and abroad. Although Howard saw only limited changes to prisons in his lifetime, his labours formed a crucial platform for subsequent movements, notably the Howard League for Penal Reform, founded in 1866. This reissue incorporates a substantial appendix, compiled in 1784, which presents updated findings from further visits to British institutions as well as those in Germany, France, Italy, Flanders and Scandinavia, among many other places.

Morphologische Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiete der indogermanischen Sprachen
  • Volume 2
  • Hermann Osthoff, Karl Brugmann
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    06 February 2014
  • Hermann Osthoff (1847–1909) and Karl Brugmann (1849–1919) were central figures in the circle of German scholars who rejected a doctrinal approach to the study of linguistics. They came to be known as the Neogrammarian school. At the core of their work was the theory that European languages, together with a subset of languages found in central and southern Asia, have a common origin in a single prehistoric language. They called this ancestor Indo-Germanic (known today as Indo-European) and claimed that its descendants are all related to one another by varying degrees of closeness. This six-volume elaboration of this thesis was published between 1878 and 1910. In Volume 2 (1879) the authors focus on explaining very specific elements in the development of Indo-European languages. They account for the rules of declination and the use of suffixes in various combinations.

Oeuvres de Fourier
  • Publiées par les soins de Gaston Darboux
  • Volume 1
  • Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
  • Edited by Jean Gaston Darboux
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
    First published in:
    1888
  • Following the French Revolution, the physicist and mathematician Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) taught at the École Normale Supérieure and later succeeded Lagrange at the École Polytechnique. He was promoted to administrative positions under Napoleon, but continued to pursue his scientific interests. From 1822 until his death he served as the permanent secretary for mathematical sciences at the Académie des Sciences. Thanks to his substantial contributions to the field, Fourier's name has passed as an adjective into the mathematical vocabulary of every major language. These selected works were edited by the mathematician Jean Gaston Darboux (1842–1917) and published in two volumes between 1888 and 1890. Volume 1 is given over entirely to the immortal Théorie analytique de la chaleur (1822), from which the world learnt about the heat equation and the series which bears Fourier's name.

Page 200 of 7927