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2107 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 26 of 106

Heritage and Transformation of an African Popular Music

Heritage and Transformation of an African Popular Music
  • Aghi Bahi
  • Published online:
    26 November 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • Modern popular music is closely linked to the 'traditional' heritage – intangible and material – of which artist-musicians have, in a way, usufruct. This Element examines the relationship between (cultural) heritage and the transformation of popular music in Côte d'Ivoire. It views heritage from a dynamic and innovative perspective as a constantly evolving reality, informed by a multitude of encounters, both local and global. It frees itself from the sectoralization and disciplinary impermeability of the sector – in places of music performance to understand how the artistic-musical heritage is transmitted, imagined and managed and the complex process of transformation of popular music in which it registers. It appears that heritage, far from being frozen in time, is rather activated, deactivated and reactivated according to the creative imagination. In addition, the work highlights a minor aspect of the heritage subsumed in popular intellectuality at work in popular music.
Hydrodynamics of Markets

Hydrodynamics of Markets
  • Hidden Links between Physics and Finance
  • Alexander Lipton
  • Published online:
    26 November 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
    • Element
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  • An intriguing link between a wide range of problems occurring in physics and financial engineering is presented. These problems include the evolution of small perturbations of linear flows in hydrodynamics, the movements of particles in random fields described by the Kolmogorov and Klein-Kramers equations, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and Feller processes, and their generalizations. They are reduced to affine differential and pseudo-differential equations and solved in a unified way by using Kelvin waves and developing a comprehensive math framework for calculating transition probabilities and expectations. Kelvin waves are instrumental for studying the well-known Black-Scholes, Heston, and Stein-Stein models and more complex path-dependent volatility models, as well as the pricing of Asian options, volatility and variance swaps, bonds, and bond options. Kelvin waves help to solve several cutting-edge problems, including hedging the impermanent loss of Automated Market Makers for cryptocurrency trading. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Monotheism and Religious Experience

Monotheism and Religious Experience
  • Mark Owen Webb
  • Published online:
    26 November 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • In the monotheistic traditions, there are people who report having special experiences that justify their monotheistic beliefs. They see, hear, or otherwise experience directly the one true God, ruler of the universe. In order to understand what is going on in these experiences and how we should respond to reports of these experiences, it is important to understand what religious experiences can and can't be, what the claim of monotheism entails, and therefore how what reports of such experiences mean, both for the experiencer and for the recipient of the report.
Maimonides and Jewish Theocracy

Maimonides and Jewish Theocracy
  • The Human Hand of Divine Rule
  • Charles H. T. Lesch
  • Published online:
    26 November 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
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  • Theocratic movements are on the rise. But what does it actually mean for God to rule? This Element offers one answer by recovering the theocratic project of medieval Judaism's most important thinker, Moses Maimonides. Theocracy is often thought to quash human agency, evoking an overpowering deity and clerical domination. Yet by reconsidering Maimonides' debt to the Islamic philosopher al-Fārābī, and challenging Leo Strauss' influential reading, the author argues that among Maimonides' aims was to elevate humanity's role in divine rule. In its highest form reason is identical with revelation, action with providence. God's governance is delegated: theocracy requires human agency-the imitation of God. Maimonides focuses on philosophical-religious leaders. But he also broadens imitatio dei to anyone whose knowledge of God inspires love of God: by emulating God's goodness, we can become agents of divine rule. In this way, Maimonides' ideas suggest ways by which theocracy and democracy might, counter-intuitively, be reconciled. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Intercultural Communication in Virtual Exchange

Intercultural Communication in Virtual Exchange
  • Francesca Helm
  • Published online:
    25 November 2024
    Print publication:
    09 January 2025
  • Virtual exchange is an educational approach that uses technology to bring together people from geographically and/or culturally distant locations in sustained online interactions, often intended to develop their intercultural awareness and understanding. Though the practice has existed for several decades, it has gained popularity in recent years, in part due to the recent Covid-19 pandemic and recourse to online tools for international and intercultural learning. This Element explores intercultural communication in virtual exchange by looking at how and why culture is made relevant in the pedagogical design and framing of virtual exchanges and what impact this might have on student positioning, power dynamics, and on intercultural learning. From this framework three broad approaches are outlined, which are defined as comparative, challenge-based, and dialogue-based. Each approach is explored through examples and the opportunities, limitations, and risks for intercultural learning.
Amalia Holst

Amalia Holst
  • Andrew Cooper
  • Published online:
    25 November 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • Amalia Holst's trailblazing book On the Vocation of Woman to Higher Intellectual Education (1802) dropped a bomb on the German speaking states-a bomb that failed to detonate. In one of the first works of philosophy in German published under a woman's name, Holst declares that it is time a member of the female sex spoke out about the plight of women in Germany. Despite her bold attempt to ignite a new movement of women's education, her book was harshly reviewed by male critics and thrust into obscurity. This Element presents the first comprehensive study of Holst's writings, unearthing their striking contribution to philosophy's growing awareness of the social conditions of human freedom. The force of her argument, and the difficulties she encountered, reveal the ambiguous character of the German Enlightenment and prompt us to reconsider what can be salvaged from it.
An Extraordinary Chinese Translation of Holocaust Testimony

An Extraordinary Chinese Translation of Holocaust Testimony
  • Meiyuan Zhao
  • Published online:
    25 November 2024
    Print publication:
    09 January 2025
  • This Element focuses on two Holocaust testimonies translated into Chinese by translator, Gao Shan. They deserve attention for the highly unorthodox approach Gao adopted and the substantial alterations he made to the original texts. The study begins by narrating the circumstances that led to these translations, then goes on to explore Gao's views on translation, his style, additions to the original accounts, and the affective dynamics of his translation activity. The author draws on concepts from sociology, memory studies, and sociolinguistics to frame the discussion and highlight the ethical concerns inevitably involved in Gao's work. Without minimizing the moral responsibility of faithful transmission that Holocaust material should always impose, the author wants to show how Gao sometimes sacrifices strict accuracy in his desire to make the survivors' experiences intelligible to a prospective audience wholly unacquainted with the Holocaust.
Old Delhi's Parallel Book Bazaar

Old Delhi's Parallel Book Bazaar
  • Kanupriya Dhingra
  • Published online:
    24 November 2024
    Print publication:
    28 November 2024
  • This Element looks at Old Delhi's Daryaganj Sunday Book Market, popularly known as Daryaganj Sunday Patri Kitab Bazaar, as a parallel location for books and a site of resilience and possibilities. The first section studies the bazaar's spatiality - its location, relocation, and respatialisation. Three actors play a major role in creating and organising this spatiality: the sellers, the buyers, and the civic authorities. The second section narrativizes the biographies of the booksellers of Daryaganj to offer a map of the hidden social and material networks that support the informal modes of bookselling. Amidst order and chaos, using their specialised knowledge, Daryaganj booksellers create distinctive mechanisms to serve the diverse reading public of Delhi. Using ethnography, oral interviews, and rhythmanalysis, this Element tells a story of urban aspirations, state-citizen relations, official and unofficial cultural economies, and imaginations of other viable worlds of being and believing.
Selling Books with Algorithms

Selling Books with Algorithms
  • Anna Muenchrath
  • Published online:
    24 November 2024
    Print publication:
    28 November 2024
  • In 1997 Amazon started as a small online bookseller. It is now the largest bookseller in the US and one of the largest companies in the world, due, in part, to its implementation of algorithms and access to user data. This Element explains how these algorithms work, and specifically how they recommend books and make them visible to readers. It argues that framing algorithms as felicitous or infelicitous allows us to reconsider the imagined authority of an algorithm's recommendation as a culturally situated performance. It also explores the material effects of bookselling algorithms on the forms of labor of the bookstore. The Element ends by considering future directions for research, arguing that the bookselling industry would benefit from an investment in algorithmic literacy.
Health and the Body in Early Medieval England

Health and the Body in Early Medieval England
  • Caroline Batten
  • Published online:
    23 November 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • This Element explores ideas about the sick and healthy body in early medieval England from the seventh to the eleventh centuries, proposing that surviving Old English texts offer consistent and coherent ideas about how human bodies work and how disease operates. A close examination of these texts illuminates the ways early medieval people thought about their embodied selves and the place of humanity in a fallen world populated by hostile supernatural forces. This Element offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to medical practice and writing in England before the Norman Conquest, draws on dozens of remedies, charms, and prayers to illustrate cultural concepts of sickness and health, provides a detailed discussion of the way impairment and disability were treated in literature and experienced by individuals, and concludes with a case study of a saint who died of a devastating illness while fighting demons in the fens of East Anglia.
<i>SCN2A</i>-Related Disorders

SCN2A-Related Disorders
  • Edited by Alfred L. George, Jr.
  • Megan Abbott, Kevin J. Bender, Andreas Brunklaus, Scott Demarest, Shawn Egan, Isabel Haviland, Jennifer A. Kearney, Leah Schust Myers, Heather E. Olson, Stephan J. Sanders, Christina SanInocencio, Joseph Symonds, Christopher H. Thompson
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
    • Element
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  • SCN2A encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel (designated NaV1.2) vital for generating neuronal action potentials. Pathogenic SCN2A variants are associated with a diverse array of neurodevelopmental disorders featuring neonatal or infantile onset epilepsy, developmental delay, autism, intellectual disability and movement disorders. SCN2A is a high confidence risk gene for autism spectrum disorder and a commonly discovered cause of neonatal onset epilepsy. This remarkable clinical heterogeneity is mirrored by extensive allelic heterogeneity and complex genotype-phenotype relationships partially explained by divergent functional consequences of pathogenic variants. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeted to specific patterns of NaV1.2 dysfunction offer hope to improving the lives of individuals affected by SCN2A-related disorders. This Element provides a review of the clinical features, genetic basis, pathophysiology, pharmacology and treatment of these genetic conditions authored by leading experts in the field and accompanied by perspectives shared by affected families. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Globalizing Urban Environmental History

Globalizing Urban Environmental History
  • Matthew Vitz
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    28 November 2024
  • 'Globalizing Urban Environmental History' melds the methodological prescriptions of global urban history, the innovative methods of environmental history, and the interdisciplinary field of urban political ecology to trace the contours of a global urban environmental history. I argue that a global lens fixed on material, political, and cultural flows, movements, and connections-all of which were founded upon the structural integration of urban spaces through capitalist expansion and empire-sheds new light on the histories of specific urban political ecologies, on the one hand, and large-scale urban patterns on the other. These patterns comprise shared urban environmental imaginaries, strategies of environmental governance, and a global urban physical and cultural landscape stitched together by the adoption of fossil-fuel energies.
Active Particles Methods in Economics

Active Particles Methods in Economics
  • New Perspectives in the Interaction between Mathematics and Economics
  • Nicola Bellomo, Diletta Burini, Valeria Secchini, Pietro Terna
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • The aim of this Element is to understand how far mathematical theories based on active particle methods have been applied to describe the dynamics of complex systems in economics, and to look forward to further research perspectives in the interaction between mathematics and economics. The mathematical theory of active particles and the theory of behavioural swarms are selected for the above interaction. The mathematical approach considered in this work takes into account the complexity of living systems, which is a key feature of behavioural economics. The modelling and simulation of the dynamics of prices within a heterogeneous population is reviewed to show how mathematical tools can be used in real applications.
Cooperating Factions

Cooperating Factions
  • A Network Analysis of Party Divisions in U.S. Presidential Nominations
  • Rachel M. Blum, Hans C. Noel
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • Popular accounts of presidential nomination politics in the United States focus on factions, lanes, or even a civil war within the party. This Element uses data on party leader endorsements in nominations to identify a network of party actors and the apparent long-standing divisions within each party. The authors find that there are divisions, but they do not generally map to the competing camps described by most observers. Instead, they find parties that, while regularly divided, generally tend to have a dominant establishment group, which combines the interests of many factions, even as some factions sometimes challenge that establishment. This pattern fits a conception of factions as focused on reshaping the party, but not necessarily on undermining it.
Temperament and Child Development in Context

Temperament and Child Development in Context
  • Liliana J. Lengua, Maria A. Gartstein, Qing Zhou, Craig R. Colder, Debrielle T. Jacques
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    28 November 2024
  • Children's temperament is a central individual characteristic that has significant implications, directly and indirectly, for their social, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and health outcomes, through its evocative and moderating effects on other social and contextual influences. Accounting for these contextual influences is critical to articulating the role of temperament in children's development. This Element defines temperament and describes its roots in neurobiological systems as well as its relevance to children's developmental outcomes, with a focus on understanding the influence of temperament in children's social and environmental contexts. It covers key developmental periods, situating the contribution of temperament to children's development in complex and changing processes and contexts from infancy through adolescence. The Element concludes by underscoring the value of integrating contextual, relational, and dynamic systems approaches and pointing to future directions in temperament research and application.
Zionism

Zionism
  • Emotions, Language and Experience
  • Ofer Idels
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • Is the history of emotions a methodology or a subject? What is the relationship between emotions and culture? What role does the body play in the human experience? Addressing these questions and more, this element emphasizes the often-overlooked role of emotional and sensory experiences when examining the Zionist experience in the early twentieth century. Focusing on the visceral and embodied historical aspects of the linguistic modernization of Hebrew, it argues that recent cultural studies on Jewish daily life in Palestine have reached an impasse, which the history of emotions could help us overcome. Interpreting Zionist texts not solely as symbolic myths but as a historical, lived experience, this element advocates for the significance of the history of emotions and experience as an innovative methodology with profound ethical implications for our polarized era.
Original Pirate Material

Original Pirate Material
  • The Streets and Hip-hop Transatlantic Exchange
  • Justin A. Williams
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • With his debut album Original Pirate Material (2002), Mike Skinner, who recorded under the name The Streets, combined the world of UK dance music with US hip-hop. OPM is the result of the so-called 'bedroom producer', hybridizing previous forms into something novel. This Element explores a number of themes in this album: white masculinity, the everyday, technology, sampling, hybridity, the Black Atlantic, and US-UK transatlantic relations. It examines the exoticism of Englishness from a US perspective as well as within the wider context of Anglo-American cross influence in post-WWII popular music. Twenty years since the album's release, this element provides an investigation of the album's content and reception, as an important case study of (postcolonial) hybridity and (English, male) identity.
Reimagining Radical Democracy in the Global South

Reimagining Radical Democracy in the Global South
  • Emerging Paradigms from Colombia and Türkiye
  • Kaan Ağartan, Camilo Tamayo Gomez
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • Radical democracy informs contemporary social movements both as critique of existing liberal democratic social orders and as inspiration for collective action to challenge power structures. However, existing approaches on the relationship between radical democracy and social movements often truncate complex socio-political issues, constraining political imagination and stifling 'truly radical' alternatives. This Element offers an analysis of contemporary social movements in Colombia and Turkey to show the limits and potential of radical democracy to reimagine new expressions of citizenship and non-capitalist alternatives. It argues that there is a mismatch between the radical democratic paradigm as it is formulated within Eurocentric purview, and the ways it has been articulated and practised by anti-austerity and pro-democracy movements of the twenty-first century. We propose that radical democracy should be rethought in light of novel forms of political activism and visions emerging from these social movements as a response to the failures of liberal democracy.
Children in New Religious Movements

Children in New Religious Movements
  • Sanja Nilsson
  • Published online:
    22 November 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • New Religious Movements have arisen not only in the present but have also developed in the past. While they differ in ideology and practice, they generally seem to live in high tension with mainstream society, especially when it comes to child-rearing. This Element examines several aspects of children growing up in new religions. It relies upon literature from different groups concerning child upbringing, the function of children in the groups considering the religious ideologies, and parental perspectives and parental styles. It also utilizes accounts from young adults growing up in these groups, both those who chose to stay and who chose to leave their groups as adults. A range of topics, such as socialization, education, health care, and relations to surrounding society are explored. In addition, this Element considers issues of physical and emotional abuse, state interventions, and the impact of second- and third generations of children in new religions.
Decoding Terrorism

Decoding Terrorism
  • An Interdisciplinary Approach to a Lone-Actor Case
  • Julia Kupper, Marie Bojsen-Møller, Tanya Karoli Christensen, Dakota Wing, Marcus Papadopulos, Sharon Smith
  • Published online:
    21 November 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • This Element is an interdisciplinary analysis of the language evidence produced before, during and following a lone-actor terrorism attack in Halle, Germany, on October 9, 2019, resulting in two casualties. During his final preparations, the perpetrator, twenty-seven-year-old Stephan Balliet, announced his attack online and disseminated a targeted violence manifesto shortly before live-streaming his violent act. This post-hoc investigation introduces a multi-method approach that synchronizes well-established qualitative methodologies for forensic text analysis – genre, text linguistics, appraisal and uptake – to elucidate these data types. Furthermore, a retroactive threat assessment based on language data from the trial transcripts provides a holistic review of the assailant's background, red flags, triggering events and warning behaviors that could have signaled his movements along the pathway to violence. The results are considered in an organizational context to highlight current challenges faced by security agencies when mitigating the risk of lone-actors who radicalize in online environments.

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