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2382 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 1 of 120

Heidegger’s Phenomenology

Heidegger’s Phenomenology
  • James Kinkaid
  • Published online:
    11 April 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • This Element is an opinionated introduction to Heidegger's phenomenology in Being and Time and surrounding works, framed in terms of Heidegger's debts to and divergence from Husserl's phenomenology. Section 1 situates Heidegger's and Husserl's phenomenology with respect to the 'identity-crisis of philosophy,' in particular the debate over whether philosophy is a science or a mere cataloguing of worldviews. Section 2 critically evaluates Heidegger's claims that various forms of conscious intentionality central to Husserl's phenomenology are 'derivative' or 'founded.' Section 3 turns to method, exploring whether Heidegger adopts Husserl's reductions, platonism, and method of essential seeing and imaginative variation. Section 4 explores Heidegger's hermeneutical turn in phenomenology and explains the uses to which he puts religious sources, mythology, and ordinary language.
Problems of God in Descartes

Problems of God in Descartes
  • C. P. Ragland
  • Published online:
    09 April 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • This Element discusses the roles played by the idea of God in René Descartes' epistemology, physics, and metaphysics, and problems arising from those roles. Section 1 gives an overview of Descartes' life, works, and reception, focusing on the extent to which he is a religious or a secular thinker. Section 2 focuses on the problem of the Cartesian circle generated by his claim that all human knowledge depends on knowledge of God. Section 3 explains the role of God in Descartes' physics and addresses problems concerning how God's causal activity relates to that of creatures, including how divine providence fits with human freedom and how voluntary bodily actions are consistent with the laws of nature. Section 4 explores Descartes' claim that God freely created the eternal truths, noting its implications for his theory of modality.
The Problem of God in Alvin Plantinga

The Problem of God in Alvin Plantinga
  • James Beilby
  • Published online:
    08 April 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Alvin Plantinga is a noted American analytic philosopher who has written in the areas of philosophy of religion, metaphysics, epistemology, and apologetics. Plantinga's Christian commitments are a crucial part of his philosophical work since nearly all of Plantinga's writings have focused on explaining and defending Christian beliefs. He argues that there is no objection or set of objections that shows that Christianity is epistemically lacking, and as such, Christians can be fully rational, justified, and warranted in their religious beliefs. This Element discusses his work as a whole, and focuses on his contributions on the problem of evil, religious knowledge, science and religion, and Christian philosophy.
Philippine Englishes-in-Motion

Philippine Englishes-in-Motion
  • The Case of Filipino Migrants in Japan
  • Julius C. Martinez
  • Published online:
    07 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
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  • This Element proposes the concept of Philippine Englishes-in-motion as an alternative approach to understanding Philippine Englishes. It situates this proposition within the concerns of mobility, labor migration, multilingualism, and transnationalism. Drawing on analyses of self-recorded conversations by 18 Filipino migrants in Japan, along with other empirical data, this Element illuminates the processes of linguistic selection, as Filipino migrants selectively draw from, adapt, or reject specific features within the multilingual pool they share with others. It also examines the social positions that Filipino migrants navigate as they use their linguistic resources across various spaces within Japanese society, as well as the extra-territorial and intra-territorial factors that facilitate the entry and diffusion of Philippine Englishes in Japan. This Element concludes by suggesting avenues of inquiry concerning identity, linguistic variation, education and language acquisition, and more.
Tertullian and the Jews in Early Christian Literary Imagination

Tertullian and the Jews in Early Christian Literary Imagination
  • Stéphanie É. Binder
  • Published online:
    07 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
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  • This Element explores Tertullian, the first author to write Christian theology in Latin. It focuses on the primary critical issues relevant to understanding his biography and work, with special attention to his presentation of the Jews in the wider context of early Christian literature. This topic offers the opportunity to assess how socio-historical circumstances have influenced the way that scholars, throughout the centuries, have read and understood the image of the Jews in patristic texts, thereby calling attention to the issue of objectivity in academic research. Finally, examples of the diverse treatment of the figure of the Jews in Tertullian's texts are provided to analyse the range of his perspectives, understand where he stands in relation to other Christian authors, and examine how his work reflects the state of Christian identity formation in his time.
The Iron Curtain

The Iron Curtain
  • A Short History of Socialist Borders
  • Lorenz M. Lüthi
  • Published online:
    06 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • The Iron Curtain remains an iconic representation of the Cold War. But what was it really on the ground? Fortified borders to prevent citizens from leaving emerged first in the interwar USSR and then in socialist post-WW II Europe. Fortifications occurred both at borders between socialist states and at their external boundaries to the non-socialist world, but not in all cases. The most well-known case – the Berlin Wall – was both an extreme example as well as a latecomer. But since 1947, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia had fortified their borders to prevent exit. When East Germany started to build walls around West Berlin and at its borders to West Germany in the 1960s, Yugoslavia was already dismantling its border regime and Hungary was granting passports and exit visas to its citizens. Fortified borders also appeared at external borders in northern and southeastern Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Asia.
Academic Integrity in the Age of AI

Academic Integrity in the Age of AI
  • Tricia Bertram Gallant, Mary Davis, Zeenath Reza Khan
  • Published online:
    03 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
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  • GenAI has rapidly and universally disrupted teaching, learning, and assessing with integrity. In this Element, the authors first orient readers to the academic integrity landscape and then examine historical technological disruptions to academic integrity for lessons learned. Readers are then transported to 2045 with a fictional depiction of the type of university that will unfortunately emerge if we continue our historical practice of layering technology onto a 20th century educational platform rather than reenvisioning academic integrity. After analyzing this possible future, the authors offer a multi-layered and balanced approach to the problem through developing guidelines, policies and procedures, rethinking assessment design, and cultivating humans who will act ethically, in the age of AI. Overall, this Element offers evidence-based strategies that instructors and institutions can adapt to their contexts, emphasizing that as humans, we have the agency to shape the integrity we want and deserve.
Supremely Polarizing

Supremely Polarizing
  • How Partisanship Structures Support for the Supreme Court
  • Nicholas T. Davis, Matthew P. Hitt
  • Published online:
    03 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
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  • Although the Supreme Court has historically resisted a partisan sorting out of its public legitimacy, today, Republicans and Democrats look at the Court in very different ways. This Element assembles original survey and experimental data to unpack these changes in three ways. First, the authors illustrate the powerful role that partisanship plays in shaping judicial public opinion. Second, they validate a new three-item measure of specific support and show that it reliably predicts perceptions of Supreme Court legitimacy. Finally, they introduce a new, applied measure of support for the rule of law and connect it to specific and diffuse support. Taken as a whole, their work demonstrates that large chunks of the mass public view the Supreme Court critically. Looking ahead, it is unclear whether legitimacy will rebound when citizens perceive that the balance of judicial power within the nation's High Court has fractured along party lines.
Policy Experiments

Policy Experiments
  • A View From Elsewhere
  • Sebastián Ureta
  • Published online:
    03 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
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  • This Element introduces a new conceptualization of policy experiments. Beyond their mainstream understanding as randomized trials, policy experiments are seen as speculative instances for testing innovative policy instruments to address public concerns. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies, this conception of policy experiments comprises four interrelated processes. First, there is an encounter with a charismatic foreign policy instrument, generating imaginaries of future success. Second, a local issue is problematized, presenting the instrument as its ultimate solution. Third, an experimental mesocosm is assembled to test this problematization empirically. Finally, evaluations of this test are conducted, usually leading to further experiments. The book exemplifies these processes with case studies from Chile, a world leader in policy experimentation in the last decades. The ongoing troubles of public governance worldwide prompt us to conclude by arguing for careful modes of policy experimentation, more tentative, ethical, and inclusive forms of acting in our fragile worlds.
The Rise of Econophysics

The Rise of Econophysics
  • A Connected History of Two Disciplines
  • Gianfranco Tusset
  • Published online:
    01 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
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  • Classical mechanics provided the conceptual and methodological foundations of neoclassical economics, which has its roots in economic individualism. Since the early twentieth century, statistical mechanics has underpinned a lesser-known approach to economics and finance, one that focuses on aggregates and the interactions between individuals. This has led to the emergence of a new field of research, known as econophysics, which brings to the fore concepts such as emergent properties, power laws, networks, entropy, and multifractality, thereby reshaping economic enquiry.
Slavic Native Faith

Slavic Native Faith
  • Kaarina Aitamurto, Scott Simpson
  • Published online:
    31 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
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  • Since the fall of communist systems across Central and Eastern Europe in the late twentieth century, Slavic Native Faith has matured as a religious movement across the region. This diverse movement is comprised of many local and national forms bearing a variety of names, including Rodnoverie and Ridnovirstvo. They all share a primary emphasis on Slavic identity and cherish nativeness as a sacred value. This Element examines who the adherents of Slavic Native Faith are and what they believe. It looks at why these groups continue to grow, evolve, and develop in the twenty-first century, with communities generally becoming more representative of the population at large. Increasingly they find themselves as significant participants in the societies they inhabit, still marginal and small, but visible in the arts and popular culture. Case studies from a dozen different nations demonstrate both differences and similarities within this expanding movement.
Dialogue in Amerta Movement

Dialogue in Amerta Movement
  • Emma Meehan, Samsul Maarif
  • Published online:
    31 March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
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  • Dialogue is often understood as the verbal interaction between different people or groups. This Element reconceptualises dialogue through dance and somatic practices, foregrounding sensory relationality and responsiveness to the environment. Rather than centring conflict between specific 'actors', it evolves a framework for dialogue as a holistic system of embodied exchange. This Element focuses on Amerta Movement – a free-form style of dance developed by Javanese dance artist Suprapto Suryodarmo (Prapto) through transcultural practice – to explore how movement facilitates dialogue with oneself, the environment, other people, and wider communities. Drawing on fieldwork and practice in Indonesia, the authors analyse the work of seven performing artists who engage with Amerta Movement in their workshops and performances. This Element considers how such movement practices cultivate conditions for interreligious and intercultural dialogue, while contributing to debates on social cohesion and social justice. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Translanguaging in Classroom Discourse

Translanguaging in Classroom Discourse
  • Kevin W. H. Tai
  • Published online:
    27 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
  • This Element aims to provide evidence-based, research-informed applications of translanguaging pedagogies across various multilingual classroom contexts. By offering both theoretical implications and specific examples of translanguaging in action, the Element aims to help educators to implement translanguaging pedagogy that challenges monolingual norms in educational institutions. The Element also explores new theoretical notions derived from translanguaging, such as translanguaging sub-spaces, transpositioning, transknowledging, transmodalities, transculturing, transbordering, transsemiotising, and transprogramming. Additionally, it critically examines various methodological approaches for researching translanguaging in classroom settings, proposing a combination of Multimodal Conversation Analysis and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to capture the complexity of classroom translanguaging practices. This Element concludes by asserting that adopting a translanguaging perspective is an ethical and pedagogical imperative, providing the essential theoretical and methodological frameworks for creating equitable, inclusive, and transformative multilingual learning environments.
Gothic Dementia

Gothic Dementia
  • Troubled Minds in Gothic Timelines
  • Laura R. Kremmel
  • Published online:
    27 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
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  • Gothic Dementia: Troubled Minds in Gothic Timelines introduces Gothic studies as a valuable lens through which to critically consider how we think about dementia. It argues that the Gothic's foundational narrative techniques can model approaches to similar dementia symptoms, such as chronological confusion, fragmentation, cyclical storytelling, repetition, unreliable narrators, unstable identities, uncanny behaviours, and Otherness. If we can navigate these challenging narrative elements in literature, can we navigate similar challenging dementia signs using interpretive strategies? Gothic Dementia considers this question in two ways: (1) through Gothic literary elements that correlate to characteristics of dementia and (2) through contentious horror film depictions of characters with dementia and their caregivers. Reading Gothic works and horror films within the context of dementia studies—and vice versa—can contribute valuable insights into a feared disease that threatens the core of who we imagine ourselves and others to be.
Movement, Text, Performance

Movement, Text, Performance
  • Paul Allain
  • Published online:
    27 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
  • This Element argues that movement, overseen by a movement director, is vital for theatre-making. It can support actors with characterisation and playing others responsibly and ethically, for scripted and non-scripted tasks: from dances to fights, from parades to murders, or other human behaviour. Movement directing is an increasingly common role as it helps forge an ensemble and build 'worlds' on stage, and plays a crucial part in shaping how actors work with and in space. The Element's autoethnographic approach draws on the author's movement direction for ten productions in the UK, most with director Katie Mitchell, based on his research into and experience with Gardzienice Theatre Association, Poland, from 1989. The Element offers a perspective that is missing in accounts of Mitchell's oeuvre and much British movement scholarship by examining the influence of the Grotowskian lineage on British theatre and by discussing voice work and text delivery, something often overlooked.
Unearthing Fluctuating Wealth Inequality

Unearthing Fluctuating Wealth Inequality
  • Household Disparities at Jōmon and Yayoi Sites in Southern Kantō, Japan
  • Yoko Nishimura
  • Published online:
    27 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
  • This Element examines how archaeology can contribute to the investigation of ancient wealth disparities, using the Jōmon and Yayoi periods in Japan as a case study. It analyzes 1,150 pit dwellings from 29 archaeological sites in southern Kantō, dating from the Late Jōmon to the end of the Yayoi period (ca. 2540 BC–AD 250). Household wealth is estimated through pit dwelling floor area, with Gini coefficients calculated for each site. Results show relatively low inequality in the Late Jōmon, a slight decline in the Middle Yayoi, and a marked rise in the Late Yayoi period. Notably, average floor area decreased in the Late Yayoi period. These patterns raise broader questions about how wealth disparities were shaped by communal norms, settlement organization, the rise of agriculture, and expanding trade networks involving iron tools. This research underscores archaeology's unique ability to illuminate long-term economic transformations.
Editing an Early Modern Play

Editing an Early Modern Play
  • A Practical Guide
  • Suzanne Gossett, Gordon McMullan
  • Published online:
    27 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
  • More than half a century ago Clifford Leech published a useful essay called 'On editing one's first play', intended to 'save newly commissioned editors from a sense of frustration and an expense of time' by providing 'some guiding-lines'. The intervening years have seen massive changes in attitudes towards editing and in the technical expertise required. Neither editor nor reader can any longer be assumed to be white, male and Christian, or trained in the classics and the Bible. Editing is now recognized as a crucial intersection between critical and textual theory. Yet the skills required are not usually taught in graduate schools, and many competent scholars are uncomfortable answering such questions as 'what do editors actually do when they edit an early modern play?' This Element focuses both on the practical steps of editing (e.g. choosing a base text, modernizing, emending, etc.) and the theoretical premises underlying editorial decisions.
Resampling Asset Prices

Resampling Asset Prices
  • An Identity-Based Approach
  • Richard K. Crump, Nikolay Gospodinov
  • Published online:
    27 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
  • The authors introduce a novel bootstrap approach to resampling asset price data that can be used for both finite-maturity assets and equities. The key insight is that they bootstrap primitive objects with more appealing statistical properties to avoid resampling series with strong time-series and cross-sectional dependence. They then recover the original dependence structure in an internally consistent manner via definitional identities. Their bootstrap is nonparametric in nature and so avoids the common practice of committing to a tightly parameterized pricing model with explicit assumptions on the form of cross-sectional and time-series dependence. They demonstrate the appealing finite-sample properties of their bootstrap approach in a series of simulation experiments and empirical applications.
Emotions on Our Screens

Emotions on Our Screens
  • Talbot M. Andrews, Lauren P. Olson, Yanna Krupnikov
  • Published online:
    27 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
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  • While scholars have long considered how political messages make people feel, changes in the media environment have given people unprecedented access to the expressed emotions of others. Through both contemporary news stories and social media, people now learn how others – often strangers – feel about political events. Do people believe in the sincerity of these expressed emotions? To answer this question, we turn to expressions about one of the most pressing issues of our time: climate change. We begin with a theoretic framework of the way people perceive mediated emotional expression. Then, across six pre-registered experiments, we find people are generally skeptical of others' emotional expression – perceiving emotional posts and quotes less authentic and appropriate than more neutral content. While evaluations vary by platform, our results suggest that emotions online aren't always taken at face value – complicating the role of these expressed emotions in political communication.
Gender Economics in the Global South

Gender Economics in the Global South
  • Olivia Bertelli
  • Published online:
    25 March 2026
    Print publication:
    23 April 2026
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  • Despite past progress towards gender equality, recent trends reveal a stagnating - or even reversing - situation since 2019. According to recent estimates, full parity is to be reached in 134 years, shifting this achievement from 2030 to 2158. Women still exhibit worse conditions than men everywhere in the world, but the gender gaps are particularly stark in the global south. This Element provides an overview of cross-cutting edge research in the economics of gender inequality in the global south, while offering a snapshot of women's living conditions using recent worldwide available data. The evidence reviewed encompasses a large set of possible solutions to end gender inequality, from policy reforms to ban discriminatory practices and grant equal rights to men and women, to anti-poverty programs, as well as interventions facilitating women's access to formal education and the labor market. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

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