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2333 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 2 of 117

Varieties of Peripheral Growth Models

Varieties of Peripheral Growth Models
  • Towards a New Comparative Political Economy of Development
  • Michael Schedelik, Christian May, Andreas Nölke, Daniel Mertens, Alexandre De Podestá Gomes, Tobias ten Brink
  • Published online:
    14 February 2026
    Print publication:
    19 March 2026
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  • This Element seeks to develop an empirical research agenda that explores the applicability of the growth model perspective in comparative political economy to emerging capitalist economies (ECEs). Such an approach emphasizes the variety of possible growth models and their implications for development, providing an alternative to universalizing economic models as prevalent in mainstream development discourse. Using national accounts data for several large ECEs in the period from 2001 to 2022, the authors first propose a typology of peripheral growth models with varying degrees of economic vulnerability. Most notably, they add an investment-led model to the prevalent juxtaposition of consumption-led and export-led growth models. Subsequently, they employ several case vignettes from Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey, Thailand and Vietnam to unpack the effects of volatile international interdependencies, such as commodity cycles, and diverse political underpinnings on peripheral growth models. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Organic Progress and Evolutionary Theory

Organic Progress and Evolutionary Theory
  • Silvia De Cesare
  • Published online:
    13 February 2026
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    12 March 2026
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  • Progress is defined as change towards the better. This definition, comprising both a descriptive and a normative element, can be applied in the organic domain to the history of living organisms. If evolutionary biologists struggle to live with organic progress, they also seem unable to live without it. Are there any theoretical arguments for using the normative terms 'good' and 'better' within evolutionary theory? How do we clarify the idea that some 'change towards the better' is conceptually implied by evolutionary theory? The author argues that there are specific kinds of value, that is, organic value, that allow us to speak meaningfully about improvements in living beings. A large part of this Element is devoted to showing how this applies to the concept of adaptation at a local scale. The final section broadens the investigation to a global scale, tentatively suggesting evolvability as a promising candidate for global progress.
The Rise of Authoritarian Middle-Powers and What It Means for World Politics

The Rise of Authoritarian Middle-Powers and What It Means for World Politics
  • Marie-Eve Desrosiers, Nic Cheeseman
  • Published online:
    12 February 2026
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    12 March 2026
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  • In recent years, a group of influential authoritarian states has emerged that fall between the ranks of great powers and small states. These authoritarian middle-powers – such as Türkiye and the United Arab Emirates – exert considerable influence, particularly in their region. Yet this development has been overlooked in favor of a focus on superpowers, especially China and Russia. We therefore lack a framework for understanding their behavior and impact. This Element offers the first comprehensive analysis of how non-democratic middle-powers engage abroad. Drawing on critical case studies, it shows how the combination of authoritarian politics and mid-level status leads to distinctive foreign policies. In particular, these strategies erode global democratic norms and institutions through a combination of hard power and transnational repression tempered by hedging and legitimation strategies. In this way, authoritarian middle-powers are helping to unravel the liberal rules-based order. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The <i>Imago Dei</i>

The Imago Dei
  • A Holistic Account
  • Ximian Xu
  • Published online:
    10 February 2026
    Print publication:
    05 March 2026
  • What does it mean to say that the human being is the imago Dei? This Element leverages the Reformed thinking of archetype-ectype to constructively develop a holistic account of the imago. That is, the image of God refers to both the signifier of God–human stories and the stories of ethical performances towards others and the motivator within the psychosomatic human person for the narration of these stories that have been unfolding since Genesis 2. Furthermore, this Element will argue that the religious and ethical implications of the imago Dei are not confined to the contexts of the Christian faith but bear upon the quotidian lives of all humankind, including atheists. To illustrate this, neuroscience and empathic AI will serve as two case studies, demonstrating how the psychosomatic human person as the imago Dei bears the unique role in the narration of both religious and ethical stories.
Clothing Bodies

Clothing Bodies
  • Weaving and Textiles in the Aegean Bronze Age
  • Sophia Vakirtzi
  • Published online:
    10 February 2026
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    05 March 2026
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  • This Element explores the textile crafts and cloth cultures of the Aegean Bronze Age, focusing on two categories of archaeological evidence: excavated textiles (or their imprints) and tools used for yarn production and weaving. Together, these types of material testimonies offer complementary perspectives on a textile history that spans 2,000 years. A gro wing body of evidence suggests that the Aegean was home to communities of skilled textile craftspeople who produced cloth ranging from plain and coarse to fine and elaborate. As regional connectivity increased throughout the Bronze Age, interactions in textile craft flourished. In time, textile production became central to the political economies that emerged in the Aegean region. The expertise of Bronze Age Aegean spinners and weavers is vividly illustrated through the material record of their tools, while even the smallest excavated cloth fragments stand as fragile, yet enduring testaments to textile craftsmanship.
Cenozoic Paleobotanical Resource Inventory of the National Park System

Cenozoic Paleobotanical Resource Inventory of the National Park System
  • T. P. Matel, I. B. Huegele, C. R. Cace, K. M. M. Bober, L. D. Boucher, V. E. McCoy, E. J. Hermsen, S. R. Manchester, C. C. Visaggi, J. S. Tweet, V. L. Santucci
  • Published online:
    10 February 2026
    Print publication:
    05 March 2026
  • The National Park System encompasses geological exposures that preserve globally significant paleobotanical resources. These paleobotanical resources represent a broad temporal, geographic, stratigraphic, and taxonomic distribution and pose a variety of management, research, and curation concerns. In this Element, the authors present a baseline inventory of the Cenozoic paleobotany of the National Park System as a first step in stimulating new research, curation, and outreach projects that utilize these resources. The authors describe the stratigraphic, taxonomic, spatial, and temporal distribution of Cenozoic paleobotanical resources in 74 National Park Units and show that these resources vary widely in their significance and management needs. Their baseline inventory elucidates what resources need intensified management protocols and celebrates the success stories of NPS paleontological resource management that make NPS lands an essential archive of North American paleobotanical history.
Operations Management

Operations Management
  • Michael A. Lewis, Christos Vasilakis
  • Published online:
    10 February 2026
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    12 March 2026
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  • Operations management has an important role in improving healthcare. Some of its core concepts and tools, such as Lean and statistical process control, have their own Elements in this series. In this Element, the authors offer an overview of three major topics in healthcare operations management: capacity and demand, focus, and people and process. They demonstrate how queuing theory reveals counterintuitive insights about capacity utilisation and waiting times, examine how strategic focus can achieve significant productivity gains while creating potential inequities, and explore why process improvements must account for human behaviours like multitasking and workarounds. Using practical examples, the authors illustrate both the critical role and the limitations of operations management against a backdrop of high demand and resource constraints. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Charting Transfiction

Charting Transfiction
  • Patterns, Open Questions, and Future Directions
  • Andrea Bergantino
  • Published online:
    10 February 2026
    Print publication:
    05 March 2026
  • 'Transfiction' refers to the phenomenon of language mediators portrayed as characters in literature. Research investigating this phenomenon has developed through a long series of case studies. While providing in-depth analyses of different instances of transfiction, case studies have produced findings that are anchored to specific texts, consequently precluding theoretical observations at a higher level of abstraction. Thus, this Element constructs a concentrated profile of transfiction. It asks about the state of the art of this research area and its potential to inform other subfields of translation studies. By adopting a meta-analytical research style, the Element retraces the development of transfiction studies, identifying patterns and lacunae. It then goes on to thread transfiction together with previously disconnected research strands, such as translator studies, suggesting new research questions and methodologies. Ultimately, Charting Transfiction provides a reference point for future research in this area, as well as other subfields of translation studies.
Addressing Misinformation and Disinformation

Addressing Misinformation and Disinformation
  • James Meese, Corinne Tan
  • Published online:
    09 February 2026
    Print publication:
    05 March 2026
  • Concerns around misinformation and disinformation have intensified with the rise of AI tools, with many claiming this is a watershed moment for truth, accuracy and democracy. In response, numerous laws have been enacted in different jurisdictions. Addressing Misinformation and Disinformation introduces this new legal landscape and charts a path forward. The Element identifies avoidance or alleviation of harm as a central legal preoccupation, outlines technical developments associated with AI and other technologies, and highlights social approaches that can support long-term civic resilience. Offering an expansive interdisciplinary analysis that moves beyond narrow debates about definitions, Addressing Misinformation and Disinformation shows how law can work alongside other technical and social mechanisms, as part of a coherent policy response.
Nietzsche on Education

Nietzsche on Education
  • Robert Miner
  • Published online:
    07 February 2026
    Print publication:
    12 March 2026
  • If one were asked to name Nietzsche's primary concepts (e.g. will to power, death of God, eternal recurrence), education would likely appear near the bottom of the list. Nevertheless, Nietzsche was intensely occupied with the topic. To see how Nietzsche formulates his basic questions about the nature and aim of education, I begin with his lectures On the Future of our Educational Institutions. I then move to his third Untimely Meditation, 'Schopenhauer as Educator,' where he articulates his fundamental idea of “culture” and the educational means required to produce and sustain it. In continuous dialogue with SE and later works, I ask: Which educational practices are most apt to produce the philosopher? What is involved in aesthetic education and the production of the artist? Are there educational paths to the saint? If so, what do they look like? My conclusion probes Nietzsche's sharp distinction between real education and its counterfeits.
Corporate Climate Adaptation

Corporate Climate Adaptation
  • Translating Complex Societal Risks into Business as Usual
  • Maria-Therese Gustafsson, Lisa Dellmuth
  • Published online:
    06 February 2026
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    05 March 2026
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  • As private companies assume a growing role in climate adaptation, their strategies may harm society and ecosystems unless grounded in responsible business conduct. This Element offers a new perspective on responsible business conduct in climate adaptation, presenting a theoretical framework that explains how regulatory and political factors external to firms influence their consideration of societal needs when adapting to climate change. Using a novel quantitative and qualitative dataset, the Element shows that the world's largest mining companies have primarily addressed climate risks through conventional corporate social responsibility strategies rather than procedural components of responsible business conduct, such as risk assessments, participation, and transparency. The results suggest this outcome is best explained by a combination of weak governance, lax voluntary standards, and civil society advocacy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Double Glass Ceiling

Double Glass Ceiling
  • The Class Effects of Gender Representation
  • Jeong Hyun Kim, Yesola Kweon
  • Published online:
    06 February 2026
    Print publication:
    05 March 2026
  • This Element sheds light on the intersectionality of class and gender in political representation. Although the working class is grossly underrepresented in most legislative bodies across the globe, the underrepresentation of the working class is particularly severe among female representatives. This Element examines the political significance of the shortage of working-class women in political bodies. Specifically, it argues that the link between women's descriptive and symbolic representation will appear differently across economic class, which could, in turn, have significant implications for working-class women's political attitudes and behavior. The Element first theorizes and empirically tests the class-based differences in women's policy priorities. Next, it studies how the class-based representation gap in politics might undermine a sense of political efficacy among women from underprivileged backgrounds. Taken together, the theory and findings of this Element make vital contributions to gender and politics research by uncovering the class- and gender-based dynamics in political representation.
A Critical Genealogy of Humanism

A Critical Genealogy of Humanism
  • Friedemann Stengel
  • Published online:
    06 February 2026
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    05 March 2026
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  • 'Humanism' is among the most powerful terms in historical and contemporary political, religious, and philosophical debates. The term serves to position itself in ideological conflicts and to cement a claim to interpretation, but is highly contradictory. This Element addresses 'humanism' in its striking contradictions. Contemporary definitions are confronted with the historical contexts the term 'humanism' is applied to. Based on Niethammer's invention of 'humanism' as an anti-enlightenment pedagogical concept (1808), the book does not present a mere conceptual history, but rather a theoretically oriented discourse, an examination of the front positions, between which humanism has been constructed. In this way, its 'impossibility' is shown, which is rooted in its strict contextuality. Secondly, historiographical alternatives to this dilemma are pointed out, in order to finally give suggestions not only for an ethical-normative work of the historian of humanism, but for dealing with 'humanism' in general, in connection with discourse-theoretical suggestions. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The Rediscovery of Huaca Pintada

The Rediscovery of Huaca Pintada
  • Why Traditional Ecological Knowledge Matters Within Archaeological Environments in Peru
  • Sâm Ghavami, Christian Cancho Ruiz
  • Published online:
    05 February 2026
    Print publication:
    05 March 2026
  • This Element presents a case study of the authors' partnership with the Pintada community in their excavation of a pre-Columbian site known as 'Huaca Pintada', a pyramidal mound located in the Lambayeque region on the north coast of Peru. The site, which gained recognition after the fortuitous discovery by looters in 1916 of an exceptional polychrome mural, was somehow 'forgotten' by the scientific community after irreversible damage. However, this was not the case for the local inhabitants, families like the Inoñán or the Chapoñán descendants of ancient muchic traditions, who founded a village named after their illustrious elder. The authors will describe how local actors like shamans or workers were indispensable in finding solutions that led not only to the rediscovery of the treasures of the Huaca Pintada but also to the reconnection of the community with its past.
Financing Urban Transitions to Climate Neutrality and Increased Resilience in Cities

Financing Urban Transitions to Climate Neutrality and Increased Resilience in Cities
  • Peter B. Meyer, Oleksandr Sushchenko, Zehra Yakut, Paolo Bertoldi, Reimund Schwarze, Benjamin Leffel, Pedro Ninô de Carvalho, Ahmad Garba Khaleel, Joyce Coffee, Jesse M. Keenan, William Solecki, Minal Pathak, Martha Barata, Aliyu Salisu Barau, Maria Dombrov, Cynthia Rosenzweig
  • Published online:
    05 February 2026
    Print publication:
    31 March 2026
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  • While global financial capital is abundant, it flows into corporate investments and real estate rather than climate change actions in cities. Political will and public pressure are crucial to redirecting funds. Studies of economic impacts underestimate the costs of climate disasters, especially in cities, so they undermine political commitments while understating potential climate-related returns. The shift of corporate approaches towards incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impacts offers promise for private-sector climate investments but are recently contested. Institutional barriers remain at all levels, particularly in African cities. Since the Global North controls the world's financial markets, new means of increasing funding for the Global South are needed, especially for adaptation. Innovative financial instruments and targeted use of environmental insurance tools can upgrade underdeveloped markets and align urban climate finance with ESG frameworks. These approaches, however, require climate impact data collection, programs to improve cities' and countries' creditworthiness, and trainings. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Heidegger on Being-in-the-World

Heidegger on Being-in-the-World
  • David R. Cerbone
  • Published online:
    04 February 2026
    Print publication:
    12 February 2026
  • This Element examines a central concept in Heidegger's philosophy – being-in-the-world – one of his most fundamental characterizations of our (Dasein's) way of being. Central is an exegetical and interpretive account of the concept as it figures in Division One of Being and Time, as well as an assessment of its significance for reconfiguring our understanding of traditional philosophical problems and positions, most notably skepticism, realism, and idealism. Considerable attention is also paid both to the emergence of this concept in Heidegger's lecture courses in the years leading up to Being and Time and to his reflections on it in the immediate aftermath of its publication in both writings and lectures.
The Five Ages of Antifascism

The Five Ages of Antifascism
  • Joseph Fronczak
  • Published online:
    03 February 2026
    Print publication:
    19 February 2026
  • A global history of antifascism from its inception to our own times. Its inspiration, and subject of critique, though, is a work of fascist history, Robert O. Paxton's classic essay The Five Stages of Fascism. Paxton influentially studied fascism by comparing national case studies and proposing a cycle of five developmental stages through which each national fascism might progress. In this Element, the historian Joseph Fronczak counters Paxton's method of stages with one of ages: instead of organizing antifascism into national case studies going through stages, he organizes antifascism's global history into five ages, stressing the transnational causes and solidarities that pushed global antifascism to take form and shift shape over time. A further aim of this Element is to pose this history of antifascism as a counterhistory of fascism, a sort of epistemological experiment for rethinking fascism's history through a formulation of antifascism's history.
Conflict and Maternal Health

Conflict and Maternal Health
  • Linking the Gendered Causes and Gendered Consequences of War
  • Susan Hannah Allen, Frank C. Thames
  • Published online:
    03 February 2026
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    05 March 2026
  • What impact does war have on women's well-being? War is far more likely to occur in countries where women lack equal standing in society. When those wars occur, the effects are also gendered. If gender inequality is affected by both the causes and impacts of armed conflict, we need to think about the implications of this interrelationship. Focusing on gendered political inequality, this Element takes a large-N approach to exploring whether inequality variation in states at conflict leads to variation in women's health outcomes. By linking the two processes, the authors are able to directly account for the impact of political inequality on which countries participate in civil conflict when they estimate the impact of inequality on conflict consequences, particularly those relating to women's health.
Medieval Avatars

Medieval Avatars
  • Projecting Presence, Performing Emotions
  • Carla Maria Bino
  • Published online:
    03 February 2026
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    05 March 2026
  • This Element explores how medieval devotional and disciplinary practices acted as 'immersive technologies' for producing presence and configuring emotions. Through the comparative analysis of Aelred of Rievaulx's De Institutione Inclusarum and the Ordo ad Faciendum Disciplinam of the lay confraternity of Santo Stefano in Assisi, it investigates how the devout subject projected themselves into an imaginal, affective space, where memory, posture, and sensory experience converged to enable a participatory encounter with the divine. Drawing on the concept of the 'avatar' as a psychosomatic projection of the self within visionary and ritual practices, the Element traces how the 'theatre of the mind' redefined the relationship between interior vision, exterior action, and affective identity. By examining the dramaturgies of presence articulated within these memorial plays, this Element sheds light on the role of sensory discipline and emotional posture in shaping embodied devotional experience in the Latin Middle Ages.
Kant on Citizenship and Poverty

Kant on Citizenship and Poverty
  • Nicholas Vrousalis
  • Published online:
    03 February 2026
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    05 March 2026
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  • According to Kant, citizenship amounts to freedom (Freiheit), equality (Gleichheit), and civil self-sufficiency (Selbständigkeit). This Element provides a unifying interpretation of these three elements. Vrousalis argues that Kant affirms the idea of interdependent independence: in the just society, citizens have independent use of their interdependent rightful powers. Kant therefore thinks of the modern state as a system of cooperative production, in which reciprocal entitlements to one another's labour carry a justificatory burden. The empirical form of that ideal is a republic of economically independent commodity producers. It follows that citizenship and poverty, for Kant, are inextricably connected. Vrousalis explains how Kant's arguments anticipate Hegel's discussion of the division of labour, Marx's account of alienated labour, and Rawls' defence of a well-ordered society. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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