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2144 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 2 of 108

Thomism and the Natural Sciences

Thomism and the Natural Sciences
  • Ignacio Silva
  • Published online:
    17 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
  • This Element argues for a novel approach to the sciences within Thomism, namely, science-engaged Thomism, which, aligned with the recent science-engaged theology movement, asks theological and metaphysical questions that require the input of the natural sciences. Recent developments within Thomism show a new approach to the natural sciences, and, thus, the proposal is to encourage more of this discourse by portraying the differences between contemporary and past Thomism. Still, even if it takes a novel approach, science-engaged Thomism relies on a tradition of thought that possesses a vast arsenal of metaphysical tools. Thus, after presenting this approach and a concise introduction to some basic notions of Thomistic metaphysics, the Element reviews some theological and philosophical questions and their relation to the natural sciences: issues about creation, cosmology, and astrobiology, divine involvement in evolutionary biology, providence and indeterministic quantum processes, and some ideas for further development at the end.
Language Teacher Emotions

Language Teacher Emotions
  • Juyoung Song, Elizabeth R. Miller
  • Published online:
    17 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
  • This Element provides readers with an overview of major approaches, concepts, and research on language teacher emotions (LTE) along with related pedagogical approaches. It begins by situating LTE within the context of the affective turn in language education. The discussion then moves through psycho-cognitive approaches, followed by critical perspectives on LTE, highlighting key concepts and research contributions within each framework. The Element next explores pedagogical approaches to LTE, offering practices that can be used in teacher education programs alongside a set of reflective questions that foster critical inquiry on emotions among language teachers. Finally, it addresses ethical concerns and outlines future directions for LTE research.
Death Rituals

Death Rituals
  • The Rūs and 'Vikings' in Arabic and Persian
  • Tonicha M. Upham
  • Published online:
    13 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
  • In the study of the early medieval Rūs and the Viking diaspora, Arabic geographical writings on the practice of funerary sacrifice loom large. Against growing uses of this body of source material as evidence on ritual, the treatment of women, and the global connections of the Rūs, critical issues in the use of and access to this source material necessitate a fresh analysis. This Element reevaluates geographical writings on Rūs death and sacrificial rituals, redirecting focus towards the textual transmission of ideas in both Arabic and Persian to offer a critical guide to geographical knowledge dissemination on Rūs funerary practices.
Data Access and AI Explainability

Data Access and AI Explainability
  • Frank Pasquale
  • Published online:
    12 September 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025
    • Element
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  • As managers digitize judgment using AI, their evaluations of persons risk imposing benefits and burdens in opaque and unaccountable ways. A wide range of harms may occur when access to one's personal data (and meaningful information about its use) is denied. Key data access rights and AI explainability guarantees in US. and EU law are designed to ameliorate the harms caused by irresponsible digitization, but their definition and range of application is contested. A robust policy evaluation framework will be needed to inform the proper level and scope of information access, as regulators clarify the contours of such rights and guarantees. By revealing the stakes of data access, this Element offers a useful evaluative framework for those interpreting and applying laws of data protection and AI explainability. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Ceramic Analysis

Ceramic Analysis
  • Laboratory Methods
  • Irmgard Hein, Mustafa Kibaroğlu, Michaela Schauer, Anno Hein, Georgios Polymeris, Judit Molera, Trinitat Pradell
  • Published online:
    10 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
  • This Element, authored by a team of specialist researchers, provides an overview of the various analytical techniques employed in the laboratory for the examination of archaeological ceramic materials. Pottery represents one of the earliest technical materials used by humans and is arguably the most frequently encountered object in archaeological sites. The original plastic raw material, which is solidified by firing, exhibits a wide range of variations in terms of production methods, material, form, decoration and function. This frequently presents significant challenges for archaeologists. In modern laboratories, a variety of archaeometric measurement methods are available for addressing a wide range of archaeological questions. Examples of these include determining the composition of archaeological materials, elucidating the processes involved in manufacturing and decoration, estimating the age of archaeological material, and much more. The six sections present available methods for analysing pottery, along with an exploration of their potential application.
AI and Image

AI and Image
  • Critical Perspectives on the Application of Technology on Art and Cultural Heritage
  • Anna Foka, Jan von Bonsdorff
  • Published online:
    10 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025
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  • AI and Image illustrates the importance of critical perspectives in the study of AI and its application to image collections in the art and heritage sector. The authors' approach is that such entanglements of image and AI are neither dystopian or utopian but may amplify, reduce or condense existing societal inequalities depending on how they may be implemented in relation to human expertise and sensibility in terms of diversity and inclusion. The Element further discusses regulations around the use of AI for such cultural datasets as they touch upon legalities, regulations and ethics. In the conclusion they emphasise the importance of the professional expert factor in the entanglements of AI and images and advocate for a continuous and renegotiating professional symbiosis between human and machines. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Lean as a Healthcare Improvement Approach

Lean as a Healthcare Improvement Approach
  • Zoe Radnor, Sharon J. Williams
  • Published online:
    09 September 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025
    • Element
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  • Lean is one of the most widely used improvement approaches in healthcare. With origins in manufacturing, it focuses on improving efficiency, eliminating waste, and streamlining processes. This Element provides an overview of the evidence for the use of Lean in healthcare, summarises the supporting tools and techniques, and emphasises the importance of developing an organisational culture committed to continuous improvement. The authors offer two case studies of attempts to implement Lean at scale, noting that, despite its popularity, implementation is not straightforward. Challenges include terminology that isn't always easy to grasp, perceived dissonances between the manufacturing origins of Lean based on repetitive, standardised, automated production and the human-centred world of healthcare, and problems with fidelity. The authors make the case that there is a lack of a robust evidence base for Lean and call for well-designed studies to advance the implementation of Lean and associated process improvement techniques in healthcare. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Pamphleteering

Pamphleteering
  • Polemic, Print, and the Infrastructure of Political Agency
  • Pierre-Héli Monot
  • Published online:
    05 September 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025
    • Element
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  • The 'Pamphlet Wars' of the seventeenth century, the activist texts of the Labour Movement, and the recent campaigns for climate justice have all drawn on the affordances of pamphleteering to advance their cause: pamphlets circulate across geographical boundaries and social divides, they attract a readership that is usually excluded from the classical public sphere, they can be produced at low cost, and they often provide anonymity to their authors. This Element provides a brief history of short-form polemical literature from the Reformation to the present. It argues that popular dissent and popular political agency must be understood in light of the material and, more recently, digital history of polemical literature. It makes the case that current online polemic is best understood as a late infrastructural transformation of classical and modern pamphleteering. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Dynamic Capabilities

Dynamic Capabilities
  • Foundational Concepts
  • David J. Teece
  • Published online:
    04 September 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025
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  • The dynamic capabilities framework outlines the means by which the managers of business enterprises foster and exercise organizational and technological capabilities and business strategy to address current and anticipated market and geopolitical conditions. In a firm with strong dynamic capabilities, managers can establish and periodically renew the competitive advantage of the business enterprise by not just responding to but shaping the business environment. This Element relates the dynamic capabilities framework to important concepts from the business and economics literature, demonstrating how it applies to today's business challenges. It also offers a capabilities perspective on a theory of the firm. Most existing theories of the firm caricature today's business enterprise. For advanced students of business, this Element provides a deeper understanding of the dynamic capabilities framework. For managers and boards, it shows how the analytical tools and mindsets that help to make their firms future-ready can be better understood in terms of the dynamic capabilities framework. This Element is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Liberation on the Dance Floor

Liberation on the Dance Floor
  • Popular Music and the Promise of Plurality
  • Craig Jennex
  • Published online:
    04 September 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025
    • Element
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  • Lesbian and gay liberation movements of the twentieth century were made possible through heterogeneous dance music cultures that flourished in urban spaces. In an era of profound political challenges, collective dance enabled lesbian and gay individuals to connect with their bodies and the bodies of others, experience a sense of communal belonging, explore non-normative gender and sexual desires, and perceive individual and collective power in a heteronormative reality that regularly suppressed both. For lesbians and gays, collective dance introduced them to difference as a dynamic catalyst of political change, allowing them to experience the promise of liberation. This Element combines ethnographic research, archival materials, and popular music histories to analyze the role of popular music participation in lesbian and gay liberation in US cities and demonstrate how collective dance served as a transformative site of political contestation and imagination. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Dynamic Capabilities and Related Paradigms

Dynamic Capabilities and Related Paradigms
  • David J. Teece
  • Published online:
    03 September 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025
    • Element
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  • Of the numerous theories of strategic management, the dynamic capabilities framework is perhaps the most encompassing. Dynamic capabilities are the factors that, if strong, allow an organization to create and deliver value to customers, outcompete rivals, and reap financial rewards over extended periods. The dynamic capabilities framework provides a system-level view of how resources and capabilities are assembled and orchestrated over successive rounds of competition, addressing management's role in determining future requirements and honing the organization's processes and structure to meet them. This Element presents the dynamic capabilities framework and compares it to other paradigms of strategic management and innovation. It demonstrates that these narrower approaches to strategic management and innovation can usefully be thought of as subsets of the dynamic capabilities framework. This will help students and practitioners understand disparate business concepts as part of a unified whole. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Revelation Spiritual Home

The Revelation Spiritual Home
  • The Revival of African Indigenous Spirituality
  • Massimo Introvigne, Rosita Šorytė
  • Published online:
    02 September 2025
    Print publication:
    23 October 2025
  • Africa hosts thousands of new religious organizations, yet those that have attracted academic attention are mainly derived from Christianity. Less studied is the phenomenon of African Indigenous Spirituality (AIS), including new groups whose program is restoring forms of pre-Christian and pre-Islamic spirituality. After a general introduction to AIS and some historical and contemporary examples, this Element presents an ethnography of what may well be the largest pan-African AIS group, The Revelation Spiritual Home (TRSH). Founded in Johannesburg by Samuel Radebe in 2009, it now has more than seventy branches in southern Africa. Based on fieldwork in TRSH centers and interviews with both Radebe and other leaders and members, as well as with participants in other AIS activities and groups, this Element examines the history, ideas, rituals, and business and educational activities of TRSH, and discusses the reasons for both its success and the opposition it has encountered.
‘Alaska’ is Not a Blank Space

‘Alaska’ is Not a Blank Space
  • Unsettling Aldo Leopold's Odyssey
  • Julianne Warren
  • Published online:
    28 August 2025
    Print publication:
    25 September 2025
  • This Element supports Gwich'in, Iñupiat, and all Alaska Natives' collective continuance and reparative justice from the perspective of a settler in the traditional territories of lower Tanana Dene Peoples. It stands with Alaska Natives' recovering and safe-keeping: kinships obstructed by settler-colonialism; ontologies and languages inseparable from land-relations and incommensurable with English-language perspectives; and epistemologies not beholden to any colonialist standard. These rights and responsibilities clash with Leopoldian conservation narratives still shaping mind-sets and institutions that eliminate Indigenous Peoples by telling bad history and by presuming entitlements to lands and norm-making authority. It models an interlocking method and methodology – surfacing white supremacist settler-colonialist assumptions and structures of Leopoldian conservation narratives – that may be adapted to critique other problematic legacies. It offers a pra xis of anti-colonialist, anti-racist, liberatory environmental-narrative critical-assessment centering Indigenous experts and values, including consent, diplomacy, and intergenerational respect needed for stable coalitions-making for climate and environmental justice.
Korean New Religions

Korean New Religions
  • Don Baker
  • Published online:
    27 August 2025
    Print publication:
    25 September 2025
  • Korea has an unusually diverse religious culture. In the north, Juche, which has taken on religious overtones, monopolizes articulations of beliefs and values as well as ritual practice. In the south, no single religion dominates, with over half saying that they have no specific religious affiliation. The remainder report being Protestant, Buddhist, and Catholic. Smaller in number but nonetheless noticeable are members of Korea's many home-grown new religious movements. Reflecting South Korea's religious diversity, some of those new religions have Buddhist roots, some have Christian origins, some draw on Confucian beliefs and practices, and some have emerged from Indigenous religious traditions such as shamanism. This Element examines the most noticeable of Korea's new religions to discover what they can tell us about distinctive traits of religion in Korea, and how Koreans have responded to the challenge posed by modernity to their traditional beliefs and values.
Bioarchaeology of Infants and Children

Bioarchaeology of Infants and Children
  • L. Creighton Avery
  • Published online:
    25 August 2025
    Print publication:
    25 September 2025
  • The study of infant, child, and adolescent remains (non-adult remains) is a topic of growing interest within the fields of archaeology and bioarchaeology. Many published volumes and articles delve into the experiences of childhood and what these small remains may tell us about life, more broadly, in the past. For those interested in exploring infant and child remains, it is an exciting period as more methods and approaches are constantly being incorporated into the archaeological toolkit. This Element introduces the reader to the topic and to common methodological approaches used to consider non-adult remains from archaeological contexts. With this toolkit in hand, readers will be able to begin their own explorations and analyses of non-adult human remains within archaeological contexts.
Multimodal Construction Grammar

Multimodal Construction Grammar
  • Elisabeth Zima
  • Published online:
    25 August 2025
    Print publication:
    25 September 2025
  • This Element in Construction Grammar addresses one of its hottest topics and asks: is the unimodal conception of Construction Grammar as a model of linguistic knowledge at odds with the usage-based thesis and the multimodality of language use? Are constructions verbal, i.e. unimodal form-meaning pairings, or are they, or at least are some of them, multimodal in nature? And, more fundamentally, how do we know? These questions have been debated quite controversially over the past few years. This Element presents the current state of research within the field, paying special attention to the arguments that are put forward in favour and against the uni-/multimodal nature of constructions and the various case studies that have been conducted. Although significant progress has been made over the years, the debate points towards a need for a diversification of the questions asked, the data studied, and the methods used to analyse these data.
Sustainable Development and the Environment in Southeast Asia

Sustainable Development and the Environment in Southeast Asia
  • Pamela D. McElwee
  • Published online:
    25 August 2025
    Print publication:
    25 September 2025
  • The rapid economic development experienced by Southeast Asia has come at the cost of considerable environmental degradation, including deforestation and land degradation, biodiversity loss, water and ocean pollution, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing vulnerability to climate change. While sustainable development as a concept recognizes the fundamental importance of nature to future human well-being, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a set of policies falls far short of this ideal. The SDGs, particularly the environmental goals relating to life on land, life under water, and climate action, are essentially impossible to meet in Southeast Asia, as no country is on a sustainability trajectory, but these goals are superficial and modest at best anyway. Alternative approaches that recognize trade-offs and seek to integrate across solutions, that create spaces for inclusion, and which center equity and justice could help meet SDG goals, but face considerable challenges in implementation across Southeast Asia.
Religious Naturalism

Religious Naturalism
  • John Bishop, Ken Perszyk
  • Published online:
    25 August 2025
    Print publication:
    25 September 2025
  • Is a religious naturalism possible? 'Scientific' naturalism accommodates only 'thin' religiousness. A more robust religious naturalism posits an ultimate reality that supports the ideals of eco-morality and the hope that human fulfilment may be achieved by following those ideals. Such an account may yet be 'expansively' naturalist in taking the natural world to be the only (concrete) reality, and in not going against, only beyond, well-confirmed science. For the core content of an expansive religious naturalism, this Element proposes the idea of an inherent integrative cosmic purpose. The authors reflect both on Indigenous worldviews and on theist traditions in pursuing this proposal.
Writing in Bronze Age Crete

Writing in Bronze Age Crete
  • ‘Minoan' Linear A
  • Ester Salgarella
  • Published online:
    21 August 2025
    Print publication:
    18 September 2025
  • The Bronze Age Aegean and Cyprus were home to a plethora of scripts, including Cretan Hieroglyphic, Linear A and Linear B, Cypro-Minoan and Cypro-Syllabic. This Element is dedicated to the conventionally named 'Minoan' Linear A script, used on Crete and the Aegean islands during the Middle and Late Bronze Age (ca. 1800–1450 BCE). Linear A is still undeciphered, and the language it encodes ('Minoan') thus remains elusive. Notwithstanding, scholars have been able to extract a good amount of information from Linear A inscriptions and their contexts of use. Current ongoing research, integrating the materiality of script with linguistic analysis, offers a cutting-edge approach with promising results. This Element considers Linear A within an investigative framework as well as narrative, shedding light on a number of burning questions in the field, often the subject of intense academic debate.
Assessment of a Patient in Coma

Assessment of a Patient in Coma
  • Alexander Shah, Holly Roy
  • Published online:
    21 August 2025
    Print publication:
    18 September 2025
  • The authors start with definitions and classification of a depressed conscious state and proceed to detail practical tips in the initial assessment of patients with coma, focussing on the history and examination. They impress the number of non-neurological causes of coma, which may need to be considered. The assessment of pupillary responses, eye movement abnormalities and abnormal breathing patterns are described. They also explore the utility of basic initial investigations, including blood gases and briefly discuss specialist neuro-imaging and electroencephalography.

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