We introduce a framework for Riemannian diffeology. To this end, we use the tangent functor in the sense of Blohmann and one of the options of a metric on a diffeological space in the sense of Iglesias-Zemmour. As a consequence, the category consisting of weak Riemannian diffeological spaces and isometries is established. With a technical condition for a definite weak Riemannian metric, we show that the pseudodistance induced by the metric is indeed a distance. As examples of weak Riemannian diffeological spaces, an adjunction space of manifolds, a space of smooth maps and the mixed one are considered.

The position paper ‘The development of services for treatment of personality disorder in Adult Mental Health Services’ was published by the College of Psychiatrists of Ireland Personality Disorder Special Interest Group (PDSIG) in 2021. Following this, we are advocating for the development of a national treatment strategy for personality disorders in Ireland. As part of this process, we have examined international evidence and best practice guidelines for establishing personality disorder services. Key recommendations from the literature include access to services, continuity of care, a multidisciplinary approach, tiered models of care, collaboration with service users, staff training and supervision, and delivery of evidence-based interventions. These recommendations should form the backbone of a national personality disorder strategy for Ireland.

Kids SIPsmartER is a school-based behavioural intervention for rural Appalachia middle school students with an integrated two-way short message service (SMS) strategy for caregivers. When tested in a cluster randomized controlled trial, the intervention led to significant improvements in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among students and caregivers. This study explores changes in secondary caregiver outcomes, including changes in caregiver SSB-related theory of planned behaviour constructs (affective attitudes, instrumental attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intentions), parenting practices, and the home environment. Participants included 220 caregivers (93% female, 88% White, 95% non-Hispanic, mean age 40.6) in Virginia and West Virginia at baseline and 7 months post-intervention. Relative to control caregivers (n = 102), intervention caregivers (n = 118) showed statistically significant improvements in instrumental attitudes (Coef.= 0.53, 95% CI [0.04, 1.01], p = 0.033), behavioural intentions (Coef.=0.46, 95% CI [0.05, 0.88], p = 0.027), parenting practices (Coef. = 0.22, 95% CI [0.11, 0.33], p < 0.001), and total home SSB availability (Coef. = –0.25, 95% CI [–0.39, –0.11], p < 0.001), with specific improvements for sweetened juice drinks (Coef. = –0.18, 95% CI [–0.35, –0.01], p = 0.043) and regular soda/soft drinks (Coef. = –0.31, 95% CI [–0.55, –0.07], p = 0.010). In contrast, there were no significant between group changes for affective attitudes, subjective norms, or perceived behavioural control. Our findings highlight future research areas and fill gaps in intervention literature. This study is among the few to develop and evaluate a scalable, theory-based caregiver SMS component in a rural, school-based intervention. Combined with evidence that Kids SIPsmartER improved SSB behaviours, our results emphasize the potential of theory-guided SMS interventions to impact SSB-related outcomes.

Trial registration: Clincialtrials.gov: NCT03740113.

Crises of confidence in the relationship between academic research and broader society has led to an explosion in interest in community-led research methods, such as codesign, community-engaged research, and participatory action research. These methods are intended as a way of reconnecting scholarship and society during a period of intense polarization, but they remain far from mainstream. This reflection considers whether community organizing, and in particular the kind of approach initiated by Saul Alinsky that borrowed from a scholarly method at the University of Chicago in the 1920s and is now practiced in more than 99 cities around the world, can offer a practical guide for scholars keen to resolve this challenge. It outlines three elements of what is labeled the “relational method” that build on the philosophical and practical tools of community organizing: relationality, power, and uncertainty. It suggests that the principles and practices of the relational method can not only strengthen community-led research practice, but, if we take a lead from community organizing and recognize the importance of the relationship between the practice of social change and the institutions that seek to produce it, it can also help us to more clearly see how the diffusion of community-led research can align with the broader goal of creating more community-engaged universities.

We study the effect of democratization on stock market liquidity across Spanish political regimes between 1914 and 1936. We use press news related to mass mobilization in favor of political and redistributive reforms to build a monthly index of political uncertainty, and test its impact on different measures of stock liquidity based on daily data for the Madrid Stock Exchange. Our findings suggest that shifts in political uncertainty decreased trading and increased its price impact after the transition to democracy in 1931, but not in the socio-political mobilization that shook the monarchic regime during World War I and its aftermath. The results are robust to controls for other sources of political, economic and international uncertainty. Our evidence suggests that potential challenges to the socio-economic status quo became more credible after the regime change of 1931 and increased the perceived cost of democratization for wealthy elites. This generated a situation of radical uncertainty about future asset returns, leading to a persistent deterioration of investor participation and market liquidity. Contemporary financial chronicles support this interpretation.

The wake of a horizontal-axis wind turbine was studied at a Reynolds number of $Re_D=4\times 10^6$ with the aim of revealing the effects of the tip speed ratio, $\lambda$, on the wake. Tip speed ratios of $4\lt \lambda \lt 7$ were investigated and measurements were acquired up to 6.5 diameters downstream of the turbine. Through an investigation of the turbulent statistics, it is shown that the wake recovery was accelerated due to the higher turbulence levels associated with lower tip speed ratios. The energy spectra indicate that larger broadband turbulence levels at lower tip speed ratios contributes to a more rapidly recovering wake. Wake meandering and a coherent core structure were also studied, and it is shown that these flow features are tip speed ratio invariant, when considering their Strouhal numbers. This finding contradicts some previous studies regarding the core structure, indicating that the structure was formed by a bulk rotor geometric feature, rather than by the rotating blades. Finally, the core structure was shown to persist farther into the near wake with decreasing tip speed ratio. The structure’s lifetime is hypothesised to be related to its strength relative to the turbulence in the core, which decreases with increasing tip speed ratio.

Both armed groups and civilians have evoked historical memory in the Katiba Macina and Boko Haram related conflicts. Although not a cause of the conflicts, historical memory informs the perceptions and choices of both fighters and civilians. Based on interviews with members of the armed groups and local civilians, the authors demonstrate that how an individual perceives their own positionality within society and how they perceive their ancestors’ positionality affects how that person reacted to the armed groups’ evocation of historical memory, how they interpreted the source of greater threat, and their own self-protection strategies.

Jha et al. (2024) offer several objections to Lange’s account of “distinctively mathematical” scientific explanations (DMEs). This article argues that these objections fail. Jha et al.’s arguments fail to show that Lange is inconsistent in characterizing DMEs—that, by Lange’s lights, every causal explanation involving mathematical facts is a DME. Jha et al.’s arguments fail to suggest that on Lange’s account, DME’s are too common or explanatorily insubstantial to underwrite any philosophical lessons about explanation. Jha et al.’s arguments also fail to show that Lange relies on underhanded manipulations of the explananda targeted by DMEs.

Martuwarra the Fitzroy River, is a living entity encompassing law, values, ethics and virtues who has laid the foundation for learning and self-regulation. Martuwarra foster peace, harmony and balance within a water system covering 93,829 square kilometres of the Western Australian Kimberley region. However, climate uncertainty as part of the unfolding metacrisis demonstrates the limitations of decades of colonial invasive development in the Kimberley. In this paper the authors illustrate Traditional Owner water knowledge, science and lived experiences as managers of the catchment from the beginning of time. Traditional Owner knowledge and practices, fine-tuned over thousands of years, carry water governance and management through First Law, the law of the land and not man. The authors advocate for this ancient knowledge to be learned by fellow citizens in the region, governments, industries and other parts of Australia, as it is essential to modernity. They propose a bicultural and bioregional governance model to create a better future for the greater good of all.

We examined the growth of English-L2 clausal density (CD) in narrative language samples from 129 school-age Syrian refugee children during their first 5 years of residency in Canada. First, we found that CD showed unique developmental trajectories from MLUw, and relatively rapid acquisition, consistent with studies with non-refugee participants. Second, faster growth in CD was associated with superior cognitive abilities and higher maternal education. An older-age advantage was found at Time 1, but a younger-age advantage emerged across Time 2–3. Factors more specific to the refugee experience (time in refugee camps and wellbeing difficulties) also predicted variance in CD and MLUw development but to a lesser extent. Finally, modeling performance on sentence repetition tasks revealed stronger contributions of lexical diversity and MLUw than CD. We conclude that complex syntax is relatively resilient in the L2 acquisition of refugee children and that CD in naturalistic production and SRT capture different abilities.