Bacterial cellulose (BC) is increasingly explored in biodesign as a wearable material at the skin interface. Produced by acetic acid bacteria such as Komagataeibacter xylinus, BC has a hydrated nanofibrillar structure and conformability that support direct skin-contact applications. Yet its articulation as a skin-interface wearable remains unsettled. Similar terms carry different evidentiary weight across design research, textile engineering, and biomedicine. This study uses cross-disciplinary qualitative comparative case mapping across 20 cases, organised into two sets. Set A provides a comparative reference set of textile-situated biobased wearable materials; Set B examines BC at the skin interface in biodesign. The comparison is discursive: stabilised textile-comfort vocabulary shifts within emerging BC skin-interface articulation. The paper offers a three-pillar analytical scaffold of comfort, care, and skin wellness, with skin health treated as a boundary term. Supported by a working glossary, the analysis clarifies how BC moves across these claims without treating them as equivalent.

Children’s growth extends beyond gains in height and weight: it includes non-physical achievements. This paper reviews the research conducted by the International Union for Nutritional Sciences Task Force ‘Towards a Multidimensional Approach to Child Growth’, which developed a Multidimensional Index of Child Growth (MICG) framed within a capability- and human-rights- based conceptualisation of child growth across interconnected dimensions, including physical health, love and care, mental wellbeing, participation, autonomy, mobility, and safety. Qualitative research in Bangladesh and southeastern Tanzania informed the operationalisation of the MICG, showing that caregivers understand child growth as a multidimensional capability set distributed across children, caregivers, and households. Quantitatively, we prototyped the MICG using Young Lives Survey data from Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. The MICG reveals patterns of deprivation not captured by anthropometric indicators alone, such as compounded shortfalls in education, mobility, and mental wellbeing among rural girls in Peru, despite similar physical growth profiles. Regression and quantile analyses indicate that community participation in the design of WASH programmes is associated with higher multidimensional achievements, particularly among the most deprived children. To bridge observed achievements and unrealised potential, we extend the MICG using a Bayesian stochastic-frontier approach to estimate context-specific capability distributions and identify children at risk of being left behind. Finally, we propose a spiderweb growth chart for monitoring multidimensional child growth, complementing WHO anthropometric charts. Overall, the MICG offers an equity-sensitive tool for evaluating nutrition interventions, strengthening child growth surveillance, and advancing the Sustainable Development Goal commitment to leave no child behind.

We develop the geometric theory of equivariant quasisymmetry via a new “quasisymmetric flag variety.” This is a toric complex in the flag variety whose fixed point set is the set of (algebraic) noncrossing partitions, and whose cohomology ring is the ring of quasisymmetric coinvariants.

This study examined the influence of personality and negative life events during adolescence on depression in young adulthood, and the extent to which common genetic and environmental influences contributed to these associations. The data come from a Norwegian population based twin sample (N = 3,394). Depression was predicted by higher neuroticism and loneliness, as well as lower sense of coherence, self-efficacy, and resilience. Additionally, weak positive associations were found between negative life events and depression. Common genetic influences accounted for most of the phenotypic associations between depression and both personality and negative life events. The findings emphasize the importance of assessing personality characteristics early in adolescence, as they may serve as vulnerabilities for the development of depression later in life.

Private currencies can facilitate intertemporal exchange under limited commitment but exhibit excessive volatility when backed by productive assets subject to news shocks. I develop a model where banks issue deposits backed by firms’ output as collateral, with deposits circulating as currency. Adverse news about firm productivity—even when socially uninformative—induces binding debt constraints and deposit volatility, creating liquidity shortages that depress economic activity. With household heterogeneity, deposits are priced at a premium in liquidity-constrained economies. Interest-bearing central bank money provides an additional policy tool beyond traditional money growth. The interest rate influences asset prices through an investment channel: banks hold interest-bearing reserves as insurance against productivity shocks. This enables welfare-improving policies requiring positive inflation and nominal interest rates—departing from the Friedman rule. Calibrating the model to the US economy, I find that interest-bearing money generates a welfare gain of 2.54%, with the welfare cost of departing from the Friedman rule being roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the cost of operating with a suboptimal transfer. As an extension, I examine private information about consumer preferences, showing that illiquid bonds become essential for achieving efficiency. Cash-in-advance constraints on deposits can improve welfare by preventing destabilizing arbitrage, enabling coexistence of government and private currencies.

Our commentary aims to enrich Singh’s subjective selection framework in two fundamental ways. First, language is necessary for coordinating on shared instrumental goals. Without it, the explanatory burden rests largely on evolved psychology. Second, goals themselves are culturally constructed, socially transmitted, and cumulatively evolving over time. This co-evolutionary dynamic between problems and solutions exceeds what fixed psychological hierarchies can explain.

It is known that for a uniform morphic sequence $\boldsymbol u = \langle u_n\rangle _{n=0}^\infty $ and an algebraic number $\beta $ such that $|\beta |>1$, the number $[\![ \boldsymbol {u} ]\!] _\beta :=\sum _{n=0}^\infty ({u_n}/{\beta ^n})$ either lies in $\mathbb Q(\beta )$ or is transcendental. In this paper, we show a similar rational–transcendental dichotomy for sequences defined by irreducible Pisot morphisms on binary alphabets. Subject to the Pisot conjecture (an irreducible Pisot morphism has pure discrete spectrum), we generalise the latter result to arbitrary finite alphabets. In certain cases, we are able to show transcendence of $[\![ \boldsymbol {u}]\!] _{\beta }$ outright. In particular, for $k\geq 2$, if $\boldsymbol u$ is the k-Bonacci word, then $[\![ \boldsymbol {u}]\!] _{\beta }$ is transcendental.

Reviving Gould and Lewontin’s critique of adaptationism, Singh’s subjective selection favors truth over useful simplification. Nonetheless, while psychologically plausible, its explanatory power remains limited. Moreover, by treating evolved psychology as fixed, it neglects gene-culture coevolution. The result is a vision of cultural evolution whose expansiveness risks outpacing its scientific utility.

Singh’s framework of subjective selection compellingly links individual cognition to cultural convergence. My commentary emphasizes that subjective selection is hierarchically mediated: not all individuals have equal capacity to shape or transmit their evaluations. Hierarchies of influence, authority, and interdependence determine whose perceptions are amplified into cultural traditions. Accounting for inequality and social power clarifies how the cultural manifold reflects both shared psychology and the unequal distribution of influence within human societies.

This commentary welcomes Singh’s shift from dual inheritance to individual psychology but argues that his model remains incomplete without evolutionary foundations. Cultural variants are not adopted merely because they appear useful – they appeal to evolved motivational systems shaped by natural selection. Integrating adaptive goals, producer–consumer dynamics, and ecological variation transforms subjective selection into a genuinely evolutionary-ecological framework.

Singh compellingly describes some psychological factors that shape selection of cultural variants, but his approach gives insufficient attention to how culture shapes psychology. We argue the subjective selection account needs to pay greater attention to the psychological nuances of goal pursuit, cultural shaping of both perceived and “actual” effectiveness, and importance of social consensus cues.

Citizens do not directly observe democratic backsliding and, as a result, may hesitate to respond to subversion. We develop a model of third-party oversight bodies, such as the media or courts, that detect and assess actions that may be subversive to democracy and inform citizens. Oversight deters subversion, disciplines incumbents, and enables corrective actions by providing credible information about ambiguous incumbent behavior to citizens. However, when the oversight body is contested, citizens may doubt the intent behind its criticisms. When the oversight body is cautious in its criticisms, it elicits negative inferences about its intentions, what we term a fake news effect. The consequences are severe, undermining oversight and enabling backsliding. Democratic accountability depends on reliable sources of information and elected officials’ commitment to upholding norms of conduct.