I consider the sense in which teleparallel gravity and symmetric teleparallel gravity may be understood as gauge theories of gravity. I first argue that both theories have surplus structure. I then consider the relationship between Yang-Mills theory and Poincaré Gauge Theory and argue that though these use similar formalisms, there are subtle disanalogies in their interpretation.

This paper examines how Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) function as self-governing institutions for managing Internet address resources and what episodes of stress reveal about the resilience and vulnerabilities of this system. Our analysis offers an institutional assessment of the RIR system and evaluates how it has responded to scarcity, technological change, and market pressures. We argue that the RIR model endures because its rules reflect Ostromian principles, including clearly defined boundaries, community participation, and credible monitoring, that sustain cooperation. Using these principles as normative benchmarks, we identify pathways for reform that preserve the RIRs’ decentralized, member-driven governance institutions while strengthening transparency, adaptability, and cross-regional resilience.

This paper offers four principles for a contemporary Anglican theology of religions that is decolonial by looking at theologians beyond the West for inspiration. At the same time, it bases its claims for its Anglican traditionalism by showing the continuity of these ideas in an older lineage of Anglican theology on religious diversity, incarnationalism and social theology. The four principles are as follows: a polydox approach to theology; a liberation-based interreligious solidarity; an openness to learning new directions in theology from Spirit-Sophia; and an incarnational emphasis on lived and embodied experiences and practices. The paper starts by looking at the history of Anglican incarnational theology, it then explores how theologies of religious diversity have developed from the nineteenth through the twentieth century, next it explicitly links incarnation, diversity and social justice, and a final section develops the four principles in a global and ecumenical conversation.

We relate the expected hyperbolic length of the perimeter of the convex hull of the trajectory of Brownian motion in the hyperbolic plane to an expectation of a certain exponential functional of a one-dimensional real-valued Brownian motion, and hence derive small- and large-time asymptotics for the expected hyperbolic perimeter. In contrast to the case of Euclidean Brownian motion with non-zero drift, the large-time asymptotics are a factor of two greater than the lower bound implied by the fact that the convex hull includes the hyperbolic line segment from the origin to the endpoint of the hyperbolic Brownian motion. We also obtain an exact expression for the expected perimeter length after an independent exponential random time.

Michael Otsuka, Alex Voorhoeve and Marc Fleurbaey have proposed competing claims egalitarianism and hybrid egalitarianism in their attempts to justify giving priority to the worse off, especially in cases involving risk. However, neither view adequately explains why it matters that some are worse off than others. And combining these accounts within a broader egalitarian theory or modular principle is problematic. I sketch an alternative version of egalitarianism and compare it with competing claims egalitarianism, hybrid egalitarianism and restricted prioritarianism.

We develop a continuous-time stochastic model for optimal cybersecurity investment under the threat of cyberattacks. The arrival of attacks is modeled using a Hawkes process, capturing the empirically relevant feature of clustering in cyberattacks. Extending the Gordon–Loeb model, each attack may result in a breach, with breach probability depending on the system’s vulnerability. We aim at determining the optimal cybersecurity investment to reduce vulnerability. The problem is cast as a two-dimensional Markovian stochastic optimal control problem and solved using dynamic programming methods. Numerical results illustrate how accounting for attack clustering leads to more responsive and effective investment policies, offering significant improvements over static and Poisson-based benchmark strategies. Our findings underscore the value of incorporating realistic threat dynamics into cybersecurity risk management.

Let p be a prime number. We consider diagonal p-permutation functors over a (commutative, unital) ring $\mathsf {R}$ in which all prime numbers different from p are invertible. We first determine the finite groups G for which the associated essential algebra $\mathcal {E}_{\mathsf {R}}(G)$ is non-zero: These are groups of the form $G=L\langle u\rangle $, where $(L,u)$ is a $D^\Delta $-pair. When $\mathsf {R}$ is an algebraically closed field $\mathbb {F}$ of characteristic 0 or p, this yields a parameterization of the simple diagonal p-permutation functors over $\mathbb {F}$ by triples $(L,u,W)$, where $(L,u)$ is a $D^\Delta $-pair, and W is a simple $\mathbb {F}\mathrm {Out}(L,u)$-module. Finally, we describe the evaluations of the simple functor $\mathsf {S}_{L,u,W}$ parameterized by the triple $(L,u,W)$. We show in particular that if G is a finite group and $\mathbb {F}$ has characteristic p, the dimension of $\mathsf {S}_{L,1,\mathbb {F}}(G)$ is equal to the number of conjugacy classes of p-regular elements of G with a defect group isomorphic to L.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of high-fidelity maritime simulators in improving seafarer training, focusing on navigation and emergency response skills. Using Kongsberg Polaris full-mission simulators, 98 participants (students, professionals and instructors) completed structured simulator exercises and were assessed using customised post-exercise questionnaires. Results indicate improved practical skills, with professionals reporting higher confidence and perceived control than students. Emotional engagement was also important: professionals showed more balanced responses, whereas students exhibited higher arousal and more variable perceptions of control. Instructors emphasised real-time feedback and scenario customisation as key to effective training. Limitations included challenges with certain manoeuvres, lack of integrated assessment tools and high simulator costs limiting wider adoption. The study concludes that high-fidelity simulators are valuable in maritime education, although further technological development and adaptation for less experienced trainees are needed.

Prior work has suggested that musical abilities are associated with second language (L2) learning at both segmental and prosodic levels: For example, musicians are better at encoding lexical tone or stress in an L2 than non-musicians are. However, it remains unclear how the weighting of distinct acoustic cues when producing L2 prosody may be supported by musical abilities. Our current study investigated two different sub-domains of music perception, melody and rhythm, and their link to the accurate production of English lexical stress by native Mandarin speakers, as measured by differences from native English speakers in duration, F0, and amplitude. Melody, but not rhythm perception (and controlling for other speech perception skills, including the perception of lexical stress), significantly contributed to the production of duration and was also marginally predictive of amplitude, but not F0 production. We argue that the weak or null effects of music perception on F0 production may be due to Mandarin speakers’ F0 sensitivity from their native language, which may complicate the mapping of auditory perception onto L2 speech production skills. Results suggest complex associations between music and language in learners’ use of specific acoustic cues in their production of L2 prosody.

Comprehension of wh-questions often poses challenges for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in wh-movement languages like English. However, it remains unclear whether wh-in situ languages like Mandarin present similar difficulties. Moreover, the present study explores potential differences in comprehension between Mandarin subject and object wh-questions. We hypothesize a subject wh-question advantage, given that Mandarin object wh-questions exhibit a longer dependency than subject wh-questions. If confirmed, it would support that Mandarin wh-questions involve covert movement. Using eye-movement measures of the intermodal preferential looking (IPL) paradigm, this study investigates the comprehension of matrix subject and object wh-questions in Mandarin-speaking children with ASD (N = 35, mean age = 60.94 months) compared to their typically developing (TD) peers (N = 38, mean age = 29.66 months), matched on expressive vocabulary levels. The results showed that children in the TD group comprehended both subject and object wh-questions. However, in the ASD group, children comprehended only subject wh-questions. Overall, Mandarin-speaking children with ASD exhibited weaker comprehension of wh-questions than their TD counterparts, with particular difficulty processing object wh-questions. The subject-over-object advantage in wh-questions among Mandarin-speaking children with ASD suggests that they were sensitive to the longer dependency involved in object wh-questions. These findings support the involvement of covert movement in Mandarin wh-questions.

Childhood and adolescent obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges worldwide. The persistence of excess weight from early life into adulthood together with its associated health consequences underscores the importance of effective prevention strategies. However, obesity in early life is driven by complex interactions between biological susceptibility, lifestyle behaviours, social determinants, and obesogenic environments, making prevention particularly challenging.

This review synthesises current evidence on childhood obesity prevention, critically examines the effectiveness of existing interventions, and discusses key challenges and opportunities for improving their impact. Evidence indicates that preventive strategies can improve dietary habits, physical activity, and other lifestyle behaviours, although their effects on anthropometric outcomes are generally modest. Interventions addressing multiple determinants and involving key settings such as families, schools, and communities appear more likely to achieve meaningful and sustained effects.

Translating evidence from controlled studies into effective, scalable real-world strategies remains a major challenge. Contextual factors, sustainability, stakeholder engagement, and policy support play a critical role in determining intervention success. In this context, systems-oriented and participatory approaches offer promising opportunities to design coordinated, multilevel strategies. Future efforts should focus on early-life prevention, equity-oriented actions, and the integration of scientific evidence into public policies to achieve sustainable population-level impact.