Sustainable management of watersheds to secure freshwater resources and maintain ecological stability relies on adopting land-use strategies supporting diverse ecosystem services through natural processes. This necessitates systematic evaluation of prospective land-use practices and their associated costs and benefits. We conducted a comprehensive economic evaluation of pro-watershed land-use options, focusing on a well-recognized agroforestry system with alternative organic cultivation in the Navnera watershed in Rajasthan, India. We adopted the ‘total economic valuation’ framework, using the revealed preference approach for monetary evaluation and modelling indirect benefits primarily through Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). Our findings indicate that the total economic value of ecosystem services in this watershed has the potential to increase by 4.6% with the adoption of agroforestry and only by 1.3% under organic farming compared to current land-use practices. While agroforestry might reduce farmland revenue and water yield, it compensates for these with other important environmental benefits such as water purification, sediment reduction, nutrient retention and carbon sequestration. This local-scale appraisal of ecosystem services helps policymakers understand the cost–benefit dynamics of watershed land-use changes, which is vital for developing effective management strategies through the involvement of local communities.

Northern Calabria forms part of the Calabrian Arc, a geologically complex region in southern Italy shaped by the convergence between the Eurasian and African plates. This convergence drove the closure of the Tethys Ocean and produced the subsequent phases of collisional and extensional tectonics. Thrusting during the Alpine orogeny produced extensive nappe stacking, followed by structural reorganization and exhumation during the Oligocene-Miocene. Tectonostratigraphically, the Apennine carbonate platform forms the lowest structural unit, overlain successively by the Liguride Oceanic Complex and the Calabride Complex, which includes the Sila nappe stack. Along Calabria’s eastern Ionian margin, forearc basins developed in response to the retreating subduction zone. To better constrain sediment routing pathways and regional uplift in northern Calabria from early to late Miocene, a multi-proxy provenance study was applied to four forearc basins: Rossano, Cirò, Crotone and Catanzaro. Quantitative heavy-mineral analysis, single-grain garnet and apatite chemistry, and apatite U–Pb chronology reveal spatial and temporal variations in sediment sources. Siliciclastic samples, spanning Aquitanian to Messinian in age, record changing contributions from a combination of low- to high-grade metamorphic and plutonic sources, including mafic Liguride units. Up-section shifts in sediment sourcing patterns indicate that Calabrian Arc exhumation and uplift, characterized by a rapid increase in the middle Miocene followed by a slow reduction in relief, played a pivotal role in controlling the timing and direction of sediment transport. This study demonstrates the benefits of multi-method provenance approaches to achieve valuable insights into relief build-up and demise, associated divide migration and sedimentary responses within a young and complex, zircon-poor orogenic arc system.

Building on Oliver’s (2020) concept of governmentality-effected neglect and applying an ethical lens, this paper examines how ideas and discourse shape migration and social policy during crises, particularly the role of state assumptions in fostering ethical contradictions in policy. We analyse secondary material and original qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with macro-level policymakers, meso-level civil societal actors and individuals at the micro-level directly affected by policy decisions. We argue that the pandemic led to a crisis-induced bricolage of policy, reflecting an ethical void. This approach, rooted in long-standing ideas about the value and role of temporary migrants in Australia, continues to influence policymaking, perpetuating systemic exclusions and reinforcing ethical challenges.

Organized crime generates violence, economic instability, and institutional challenges, forcing millions of citizens worldwide to change their place of residence annually. While the experiences of those fleeing violence are well-documented, less attention has been given to frontline workers assisting them. This study addresses this gap by examining the types of coping mechanisms that frontline officials use to protect women escaping organized crime in Mexico. Drawing on 24 in-depth interviews with key actors from governmental and non-governmental organizations, we identify three types of coping mechanisms: individual, institutional, and social. These strategies demonstrate the resilience and ingenuity of workers navigating resource shortages, legal constraints, and personal safety risks. Our findings contribute to the literature on organized crime by illuminating how those working on the ground adapt to systemic deficiencies and protect victims. By understanding these strategies, we hope to inform more effective policies to support frontline officials and mitigate the societal harms of organized crime.

Research on economic voting shows that negative economic events typically reduce government support. However, we argue that external economic shocks may have the opposite effect: when faced with a foreign economic threat, voters will rally behind their government despite worsening economic perceptions. Using the unexpected collapse of Lehman Brothers (15 September 2008) as a case, we analyze European Social Survey data from six countries and find that while satisfaction with national economies declined, satisfaction with governments gradually rose. We document that rising media and political attention coincided with a rally effect fueled by past opposition voters and muted opposition elites. These findings demonstrate that foreign economic shocks influence democratic accountability and the ability of governments to act during hard times.

This article examines “Salām Farmāndeh” as a case study of soruds (state-sponsored songs produced to advance ideological narratives and maintain cultural hegemony). The article argues that “Salām Farmāndeh” represents a significant shift in the Islamic Republic’s cultural strategy: blending religious themes, nationalist sentiment, and popular music elements to mobilize younger generations, particularly Generations A and Z. Through qualitative analysis of the song’s musical structure, lyrical content, and state-led promotional campaigns, the article demonstrates how “Salām Farmāndeh” operates as an ideological state apparatus (ISA)—a tool for reinforcing loyalty to the principles of velāyat-e faqīh (guardianship of the Islamic jurist) and the Islamic Republic’s ideological foundations. Guided by Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony and Althusser’s concept of ISAs, this study reveals how contemporary soruds such as “Salām Farmāndeh” reflect the regime’s adaptation of propaganda techniques to secure consent, not merely through coercion, but via emotional, cultural, and generational appeal. The findings contribute to broader discussions on the intersection of music, power, and ideological reproduction in modern Iran.

Possibilistic logic programs (poss-programs) under stable models are a major variant of answer set programming. While its semantics (possibilistic stable models) and properties have been well investigated, the problem of inductive reasoning has not been investigated yet. This paper presents an approach to extracting poss-programs from a background program and examples (parts of intended possibilistic stable models). To this end, the notion of induction tasks is first formally defined, its properties are investigated and two algorithms ilpsm and ilpsmmin for computing induction solutions are presented. An implementation of ilpsmmin is also provided and experimental results show that when inputs are ordinary logic programs, the prototype outperforms a major inductive learning system for normal logic programs from stable models on the datasets that are randomly generated.

This commentary informs on key pragmatic contributors to strategic and sustainable surgical IPC and AMS initiatives. Three key recommendations to strengthen and sustain surgical IPC and initiatives are (1) institutional leadership support, (2) a programmatic multidisciplinary implementation plan, and (3) effective communication strategies using motivational interview.

A key component of the authoritarian worldview is social conformity, which manifests in a need to minimize threats to social order. This desire for stability often leads authoritarians to hold systematic and approving attitudes toward law enforcement. Previous scholarship suggests that authoritarianism is linked to attitudes shaped by the social dominance of one’s group identity. We extend this framework to Hispanic populations, whose identities historically fall outside the dominant social order, to examine whether authoritarianism predicts support for law enforcement. Using data from the 2020 American National Election Study (ANES), we employ regression models to examine the relationship between authoritarianism, ethnicity, and attitudes toward law enforcement. Results indicate that authoritarians express more favorable views of law enforcement across non-Hispanic white and Hispanic respondents, with a stronger effect among Hispanics. Positive feelings toward whites are also associated with higher levels of authoritarianism and greater support for police, underscoring the importance of white identity salience in shaping political attitudes. These findings demonstrate that authoritarianism functions as a psychological orientation emphasizing order and conformity rather than a defensive response to marginalization. Our results contribute to understanding how racial identity salience and acculturation processes shape the relationship between worldview and support for state authority.

How does settler colonialism shape world politics? While the framework of settler colonialism has become increasingly established across disciplines to analyse the structure and logics of settler societies, international relations (IR) scholarship continues to treat it as peripheral to global politics. This article challenges the view that settler colonialism is a matter of domestic politics with little relevance for world politics, demonstrating that it functions as an imperial logic and practice that continues to shape the norms, practices, and distribution of power that underpin world politics. By foregrounding the relationships between settler colonialism and imperialism, the article argues that, in international relations, settler colonialism is a function of imperial ordering that both relies on and reproduces racialised hierarchies of sovereignty. The argument is illustrated through a critical examination of Australia as a case study. As a settler colony that emerged within, and continues to benefit from, imperial networks, Australia exemplifies the enduring entanglements of settler colonialism and imperial ordering in the Asia-Pacific. This article contributes to emerging efforts to bring settler colonial analysis to IR. It offers a critique of the discipline’s limited engagement with settler colonialism in the analysis of imperial politics and underscores the need to confront how settler colonialism continues to structure international relations, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.

Exposure to certain parasites can occur when hosts encounter clumps of infective larvae during ingestion. Compared to more typical transmission pathways involving the cumulative penetration or ingestion of single larvae, clumped transmission can be expected to lead to complex and variable epidemiological patterns of infection within exposed hosts. We explored this idea in a spatiotemporal survey of wood ants (Formica spp.) infected with metacercariae of the host-manipulating trematode, Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Ant second intermediate hosts are exposed to clumps of cercariae during ingestion of ‘slimeballs’ that are released onto pasture by land snail first intermediate hosts. In a total sample of >650 ants collected during the host-manipulation phase when ants were attached to plants, metacercariae prevalence was 97% and mean intensity was 27 ± 25 (range in intensity = 1–168; variance:mean ratio = 23.1). None of the observed variation in mean metacercariae intensity could be attributed to year (2021, 2022), month (May to August), or nest. Although the recruitment of metacercariae into ants occurred within a narrow window of transmission each summer, the mixed-age structure of our ant samples likely limited our ability to detect seasonal patterns of mean intensity. The absence of significant spatiotemporal patterns in metacercariae intensity in samples of ants likely also reflects infrequent and variable rates of encounter with cercariae-containing slimeballs by individual ants.