Club guessing principles were introduced by Shelah as a weakening of Jensen’s diamond. Most spectacularly, they were used to prove Shelah’s $\textsf{ZFC}$ bound on $2^{\aleph _\omega }$. These principles have found many other applications: in cardinal arithmetic and PCF theory; in the construction of combinatorial objects on uncountable cardinals such as Jónsson algebras, strong colourings, Souslin trees, and pathological graphs; to the non-existence of universals in model theory; to the non-existence of forcing axioms at higher uncountable cardinals; and many more.

In this paper, the first part of a series, we survey various forms of club guessing that have appeared in the literature, and then systematically study the various ways in which a club guessing sequence can be improved, especially in the way the frequency of guessing is calibrated.

We include an expository section intended for those unfamiliar with club guessing and which can be read independently of the rest of the article.

The Cleveland Clinic Innovation Management and Conflict of Interest (“IM&COI”) Program implemented a policy on Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Practice in 2013. The policy requires review of financial interests greater than $20,000 in a year, or more than 5% equity in a company, when the clinician is prescribing or using products of the company with which they have a relationship. The IM&COI Committee developed definitions for low, medium and high levels of annual compensation and risk and uses a “Matrix” to guide disclosure based on these factors.

In the early twentieth century Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) contracted polio, which left him paralysed from the waist down. In search of a ‘cure’ he found the mineralised waters of Warm Springs in Georgia, US. In due course, in collaboration with his physiotherapist Helena Mahoney and his architect Henry J. Toombs, FDR founded a polio rehabilitation clinic that established a holistic definition of rehabilitation. In this article, I discuss the role played by Warm Springs in defining rehabilitation that involved physiotherapy and play, towards reconstituting a sense of self for a person with disabilities at a time when disability was less understood and accepted. I argue for the role that architecture played in treatment plans. The article derives from archive research and biographical research to layer the public and private intentions of FDR, describing an alternative reading of the project within FDR’s presidential timeline. I focus primarily on Warm Springs and its design at the time when FDR was directly involved in the project. However I also question the consequences of his celebrity on both knowledge of, and the legacy of, the project.

The closure of SITI Company as a producing organization has left the many artists SITI has impacted feeling stranded. Their practice of the Suzuki Method and the Viewpoints must now be self-initiated and self-regulated. In their calls-to-action to form new training circles, these artists reveal different ethics and values in the metaphors they use to describe the importance of the training in their lives. The community-building functions of the Suzuki Method and the Viewpoints are revealed in the “metaphors they stomp by.”

In this issue, Zakout discusses European Union (EU) legal provisions for inclusion of patients of all types in clinical trials.1 Shee highlights the unfortunate failure to include adequate numbers of older adults and adults with disabilities in clinical trials of anti-cancer agents. We agree with her argument that this is an ethical issue as well as a scientific and clinical issue.

Advanced biopreservation technologies using subzero approaches such as supercooling, partial freezing, and vitrification with reanimating techniques including nanoparticle infusion and laser rewarming are rapidly emerging as technologies with potential to radically disrupt biomedicine, research, aquaculture, and conservation. These technologies could pause biological time and facilitate large-scale banking of biomedical products including organs, tissues, and cell therapies.

In this paper, we investigate extensions between graded Verma modules in the Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand category $\mathcal{O}$. In particular, we determine exactly which information about extensions between graded Verma modules is given by the coefficients of the R-polynomials. We also give some upper bounds for the dimensions of graded extensions between Verma modules in terms of Kazhdan–Lusztig combinatorics. We completely determine all extensions between Verma module in the regular block of category $\mathcal{O}$ for $\mathfrak{sl}_4$ and construct various “unexpected” higher extensions between Verma modules.

To evaluate how study characteristics and methodological aspects compare based on presence or absence of industry funding, Hughes et al. conducted a systematic survey of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in three major medical journals. The authors found industry-funded RCTs were more likely to be blinded, post results on a clinical trials registration database (ClinicalTrials.gov), and accrue high citation counts.1 Conversely, industry-funded trials had smaller sample sizes and more frequently used placebo as the comparator, used a surrogate as their primary outcome, and had positive results.