Given an action by a finite quantum group $\mathbb {G}$ on a von Neumann algebra M, we prove that a number of familiar $W^*$ properties are equivalent for M and the fixed-point algebra $M^{\mathbb {G}}$ (i.e., hold or not simultaneously for the two algebras); these include being hyperfinite, atomic, diffuse, and of type I, $II$, or $III$. Moreover, in all cases, the canonical central projections of M and $M^{\mathbb {G}}$ cutting out the summand with the respective property coincide. The result generalizes its classical-$\mathbb {G}$ analog due to Jones–Takesaki.

We introduced positive cones in an earlier paper as a notion of ordering on central simple algebras with involution that corresponds to signatures of hermitian forms. In the current article, we describe signatures of hermitian forms directly out of positive cones, and also use this approach to rectify a problem that affected some results in the previously mentioned paper.

The growth of central polynomials for matrix algebras over a field of characteristic zero was first studied by Regev in $2016$. This problem can be generalized by analyzing the behavior of the dimension $c_n^z(A)$ of the space of multilinear polynomials of degree n modulo the central polynomials of an algebra A. In $2018$, Giambruno and Zaicev established the existence of the limit $\lim \limits _{n \to \infty }\sqrt [n]{c_n^{z}(A)}.$ In this article, we extend this framework to superalgebras equipped with a superinvolution, proving both the existence and the finiteness of the corresponding limit.

We prove that the infinite half-spin representations are topologically Noetherian with respect to the infinite spin group. As a consequence, we obtain that half-spin varieties, which we introduce, are defined by the pullback of equations at a finite level. The main example for such varieties is the infinite isotropic Grassmannian in its spinor embedding, for which we explicitly determine its defining equations.

Let R be a ring and let $n\ge 2$. We discuss the question of whether every element in the matrix ring $M_n(R)$ is a product of (additive) commutators $[x,y]=xy-yx$, for $x,y\in M_n(R)$. An example showing that this does not always hold, even when R is commutative, is provided. If, however, R has Bass stable rank one, then under various additional conditions every element in $M_n(R)$ is a product of three commutators. Further, if R is a division ring with infinite center, then every element in $M_n(R)$ is a product of two commutators. If R is a field and $a\in M_n(R)$, then every element in $M_n(R)$ is a sum of elements of the form $[a,x][a,y]$ with $x,y\in M_n(R)$ if and only if the degree of the minimal polynomial of a is greater than $2$.

We study Morita equivalence for idempotent rings with involution. Following the ideas of Rieffel, we define Rieffel contexts, and we also introduce Morita $*$-contexts and enlargements for rings with involution. We prove that two idempotent rings with involution have a joint enlargement if and only if they are connected by a unitary and full Rieffel context. These conditions are also equivalent to having a unitary and surjective Morita $*$-context between those rings. We also examine how the mentioned conditions are connected to the existence of certain equivalence functors between the categories of firm modules over the given rings with involution.

Dualities of resolving subcategories of module categories over rings are introduced and characterized as dualities with respect to Wakamatsu tilting bimodules. By restriction of the dualities to smaller resolving subcategories, sufficient and necessary conditions for these bimodules to be tilting are provided. This leads to the Gorenstein version of both the Miyashita’s duality and Huisgen-Zimmermann’s correspondence. An application of resolving dualities is to show that higher algebraic K-groups and semi-derived Ringel–Hall algebras of finitely generated Gorenstein-projective modules over Artin algebras are preserved under tilting.

Given an algebra and a finite group acting on it via automorphisms, a natural object of study is the associated skew group algebra. In this article, we study the relationship between quasi-hereditary structures on the original algebra and on the corresponding skew group algebra. Assuming a natural compatibility condition on the partial order, we show that the skew group algebra is quasi-hereditary if and only if the original algebra is. Moreover, we show that in this setting an exact Borel subalgebra of the original algebra which is invariant as a set under the group action gives rise to an exact Borel subalgebra of the skew group algebra and that under this construction, properties such as normality and regularity of the exact Borel subalgebra are preserved.

In this paper, we investigate extensions between graded Verma modules in the Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand category $\mathcal{O}$. In particular, we determine exactly which information about extensions between graded Verma modules is given by the coefficients of the R-polynomials. We also give some upper bounds for the dimensions of graded extensions between Verma modules in terms of Kazhdan–Lusztig combinatorics. We completely determine all extensions between Verma module in the regular block of category $\mathcal{O}$ for $\mathfrak{sl}_4$ and construct various “unexpected” higher extensions between Verma modules.

In this paper, we give Pieri rules for skew dual immaculate functions and their recently discovered row-strict counterparts. We establish our rules using a right-action analogue of the skew Littlewood–Richardson rule for Hopf algebras of Lam–Lauve–Sottile. We also obtain Pieri rules for row-strict (dual) immaculate functions.

Let G be a complex classical group, and let V be its defining representation (possibly plus a copy of the dual). A foundational problem in classical invariant theory is to write down generators and relations for the ring of G-invariant polynomial functions on the space $\mathcal P^m(V)$ of degree-m homogeneous polynomial functions on V. In this paper, we replace $\mathcal P^m(V)$ with the full polynomial algebra $\mathcal P(V)$. As a result, the invariant ring is no longer finitely generated. Hence, instead of seeking generators, we aim to write down linear bases for bigraded components. Indeed, when G is of sufficiently high rank, we realize these bases as sets of graphs with prescribed number of vertices and edges. When the rank of G is small, there arise complicated linear dependencies among the graphs, but we remedy this setback via representation theory: in particular, we determine the dimension of an arbitrary component in terms of branching multiplicities from the general linear group to the symmetric group. We thereby obtain an expression for the bigraded Hilbert series of the ring of invariants on $\mathcal P(V)$. We conclude with examples using our graphical notation, several of which recover classical results.

In a recent paper, motivated by the study of central extensions of associative algebras, George Janelidze introduces the notion of weakly action representable category. In this paper, we show that the category of Leibniz algebras is weakly action representable and we characterize the class of acting morphisms. Moreover, we study the representability of actions of the category of Poisson algebras and we prove that the subvariety of commutative Poisson algebras is not weakly action representable.

Let $R$ be a strongly $\mathbb {Z}^2$-graded ring, and let $C$ be a bounded chain complex of finitely generated free $R$-modules. The complex $C$ is $R_{(0,0)}$-finitely dominated, or of type $FP$ over $R_{(0,0)}$, if it is chain homotopy equivalent to a bounded complex of finitely generated projective $R_{(0,0)}$-modules. We show that this happens if and only if $C$ becomes acyclic after taking tensor product with a certain eight rings of formal power series,  the graded analogues of classical Novikov rings. This extends results of Ranicki,  Quinn and the first author on Laurent polynomial rings in one and two indeterminates.

Suppose that R is an associative unital ring and that $E=(E^0,E^1,r,s)$ is a directed graph. Using results from graded ring theory, we show that the associated Leavitt path algebra $L_R(E)$ is simple if and only if R is simple, $E^0$ has no nontrivial hereditary and saturated subset, and every cycle in E has an exit. We also give a complete description of the centre of a simple Leavitt path algebra.

We study the ring of quasisymmetric polynomials in n anticommuting (fermionic) variables. Let $R_n$ denote the ring of polynomials in n anticommuting variables. The main results of this paper show the following interesting facts about quasisymmetric polynomials in anticommuting variables:

1. (1) The quasisymmetric polynomials in $R_n$ form a commutative subalgebra of $R_n$.

2. (2) There is a basis of the quotient of $R_n$ by the ideal $I_n$ generated by the quasisymmetric polynomials in $R_n$ that is indexed by ballot sequences. The Hilbert series of the quotient is given by

   $$ \begin{align*}\text{Hilb}_{R_n/I_n}(q) = \sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor{n/2}\rfloor} f^{(n-k,k)} q^k\,,\end{align*} $$
   where $f^{(n-k,k)}$ is the number of standard tableaux of shape $(n-k,k)$.

3. (3) There is a basis of the ideal generated by quasisymmetric polynomials that is indexed by sequences that break the ballot condition.

A twisting system is one of the major tools to study graded algebras; however, it is often difficult to construct a (nonalgebraic) twisting system if a graded algebra is given by generators and relations. In this paper, we show that a twisted algebra of a geometric algebra is determined by a certain automorphism of its point variety. As an application, we classify twisted algebras of three-dimensional geometric Artin–Schelter regular algebras up to graded algebra isomorphism.

It is well known that the category of comodules over a flat Hopf algebroid is abelian but typically fails to have enough projectives, and more generally, the category of graded comodules over a graded flat Hopf algebroid is abelian but typically fails to have enough projectives. In this short paper, we prove that the category of connective graded comodules over a connective, graded, flat, finite-type Hopf algebroid has enough projectives. Applications to algebraic topology are given: the Hopf algebroids of stable co-operations in complex bordism, Brown–Peterson homology, and classical mod p homology all have the property that their categories of connective graded comodules have enough projectives. We also prove that categories of connective graded comodules over appropriate Hopf algebras fail to be equivalent to categories of graded connective modules over a ring.

Given an algebra R and G a finite group of automorphisms of R, there is a natural map $\eta _{R,G}:R\#G \to \mathrm {End}_{R^G} R$, called the Auslander map. A theorem of Auslander shows that $\eta _{R,G}$ is an isomorphism when $R=\mathbb {C}[V]$ and G is a finite group acting linearly and without reflections on the finite-dimensional vector space V. The work of Mori–Ueyama and Bao–He–Zhang has encouraged the study of this theorem in the context of Artin–Schelter regular algebras. We initiate a study of Auslander’s result in the setting of nonconnected graded Calabi–Yau algebras. When R is a preprojective algebra of type A and G is a finite subgroup of $D_n$ acting on R by automorphism, our main result shows that $\eta _{R,G}$ is an isomorphism if and only if G does not contain all of the reflections through a vertex.

Recently Ovsienko and Tabachnikov considered extensions of Somos and Gale-Robinson sequences, defined over the algebra of dual numbers. Ovsienko used the same idea to construct so-called shadow sequences derived from other nonlinear recurrence relations exhibiting the Laurent phenomenon, with the original motivation being the hope that these examples should lead to an appropriate notion of a cluster superalgebra, incorporating Grassmann variables. Here, we present various explicit expressions for the shadow of Somos-4 sequences and describe the solution of a general Somos-4 recurrence defined over the $\mathbb{C}$-algebra of dual numbers from several different viewpoints: analytic formulae in terms of elliptic functions, linear difference equations, and Hankel determinants.