This essay argues the image of the ‘Mystical Body’ or ‘Body of Christ’ is fully intelligible only in light of the Cross. The Body of Christ is a cruciform Body. As the Body of Christ crucified and risen, it is presently being configured to Christ in the world through self-sacrificial love. The essay traces the place of the Cross in some representative twentieth-century Catholic theologies of the Mystical Body, in light of the perspective of Thomas Aquinas. I first survey four theologians from the first half of the century who, in their understandings of the Mystical Body, gave a place to the Cross: Emile Mersch, Fulton Sheen, Charles Journet, and Pius Pasch. Here I also examine Pope Pius XII's encyclical Mystici Corporis. Second, I explore the approach of some notable Thomistic theologians or interpreters of Aquinas from the early 1960s onward: Jerome Hamer, M. J. Le Guillou, George Sabra, Jean-Pierre Torrell, and Herwi Rikhof. In this section, I also examine Vatican II's Lumen Gentium. My third and final section treats Aquinas himself, in order to reflect upon the place of the Cross in his understanding of the Mystical Body, as found in his biblical commentaries and the Summa theologiae.

Maritime traffic risk is increasing rapidly with the growth of marine traffic volume and construction of marine facilities, water bridges, port development, marine wind farm, etc. Given this emerging trend, this paper presents a bibliometric analysis and mapping of the broad academic literature related to maritime traffic safety, focusing on the influences of international collaborations and knowledge sources on the developments of this research domain. To identify trends, patterns and the knowledge distribution of the research on maritime traffic safety, the visualisation of similarities (VOS) viewer software, the bibliometric analysis, and scientometric mapping of the literature have been performed from the perspectives of publication and citation distribution over time, leading authors, countries (regions), institutions, the corresponding collaboration networks, most cited publications and references, focused research fields and topics, research trend evolution over time, etc. The paper provides a comprehensive and quantitative overview and significant picture representation of the domain's leading and evolutionary trends by employing specific aforementioned bibliometric analysis factors. In addition, by reviewing the evolutionary trends of the journals and the proposed investigated factors, such as the influential works, main research topics, and the research frontiers, this paper reveals the scientific literature's main research objectives and directions that could be addressed and explored in future studies.

This research communication describes the reproductive and productive parameters and somatic cell count (SCC) of primiparous and multiparous cows from specialized dairy Holstein herds in South region of Brazil, and correlates these parameters using test-day records. A total of 24 011 records of animals from 75 producers obtained between 2017 and 2018 were used. The variables analyzed included milk production, SCC, milk fat, protein and urea nitrogen contents and reproductive characteristics (number of services per conception, service period and percentage of pregnant cows). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and the statistical differentiation between the classes of SCC and milk production. Milk production, SCC, number of services per conception and service period were all higher in multiparous cows. The percentage of pregnant cows was higher when the SCC was less than 200 000 cells/ml and was higher in primiparous cows. There was no adverse effect of milk production on reproductive parameters in high producing cows (>40 kg milk/d), however, the percentage of pregnant cows with this production level was significantly higher in multiparous cows. In conclusion, the milk production level need not affect the reproduction of specialized dairy cows if the animals are kept under adequate environmental conditions.

The importance to reception history of the first complete cycle of Beethoven’s string quartets, given in London in 1845 by the Beethoven Quartett Society, is securely established. Less well recognized is the significance of the complete edition of the quartets prepared by the cellist Scipion Rousselot and published in London in 1846. This article offers the first close examination of Rousselot’s edition and posits that while its claims for unparalleled correctness were unsustainable, its inclusion, uniquely in the case of the late quartets, of two uncommon features – rehearsal letters and instrumental cues – constitutes a trace of the rehearsal practices of the four players responsible for these historically outstanding performances.

Karol Szymanowski and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz were leading figures in Polish modernism. A thorough review of their relationship and an examination of Witkiewicz’s theory of ‘pure form’ and its applicability to music (via Witkiewicz’s literary portraits of Szymanowski, his attempts at composition, and the critical and theoretical extensions of his work by Konstanty Regamey) provides the basis for analysing the form and content of Szymanowski’s Third Piano Sonata and First String Quartet.

Core contributions from John Hagan’s scholarship on genocide are at stake in this article. First, this article examines, for the Rwandan genocide, the applicability of Hagan and Wenona Rymond-Richmond’s multi-level causal model of genocide, developed in Darfur and the Crime of Genocide. Asking how causal factors and processes highlighted in that model play out in scholarship on the Rwandan genocide, it moves toward answering the question of external validity versus historical specificity. Second, the article examines, again with a focus on Rwanda, the relationship between social scientific explanation and judicial thought. While it highlights—in line with the first author’s previous work—how judicial narratives address or select out core factors highlighted in the Darfur model, the article focuses—in line with Hagan’s Justice in the Balkans—on the question of what knowledge social science can nevertheless gain from court proceedings. An analysis of a sample of cases processed by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda identifies overlaps with social science analyses, but it also highlights distinctions.

Dairy products are major sources of high-quality protein and bioavailable nutrients and dairy production contributes to local, regional and national-level economies. Consumption of raw milk and raw milk products does, however, carry a zoonotic risk, as does direct contact with cattle by farm husbandry staff and other employees. This review will mainly focus on the latter, and deal with it from the standpoint of a well-developed dairy industry, using the example of the Netherlands. With regard to dairy cattle, the main bacterial pathogens are Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Leptospira hardjo as well as Brucella abortus and Chlamydia abortus. The main viral pathogens associated with dairy are Rift Valley fever virus, rabies virus, cowpox virus and vaccinia virus. The main parasitological infections are Echinococcus granulosis, Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis, however, the last mentioned have mainly swimming pools as sources of human infection. Finally ectoparasites such as lice and mites and Trichophyton verrucosum may affect employees. Some pathogens may cause health problems due to contamination. Bacterial pathogens of importance that may contaminate milk are Campylolobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Leptospira hardjo and Salmonella typhimurium. Excretion of zoonotic viruses in milk is negligible in the Netherlands, and the endoparasite, Toxocara vitulorum is mainly found in suckling and fattening calves, whilst the risk in dairy cattle is limited. Excretion of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or mycoses in milk are not expected and are, therefore, not of importance here.

Being aware of the risks and working according to hygiene standards can substantially limit zoonotic risks for employees. Additionally, diseased employees are advised to limit their contact with cattle and to indicate that they work with cattle when consulting a physician. To prevent zoonotic risks through excretion of pathogens in milk, standard hygiene measures are necessary. Further, using only pasteurised milk for consumption and/or processing of milk can considerably limit the risks. If these measures are not possible, well-constructed monitoring can be followed. Monitoring programmes already exist for pathogens such as for Salmonella spp., Leptospira hardjo and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. For others, like Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli, programmes are not available yet as far as we know.

Nineteenth-century US social activist contemporaries Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Sojourner Truth are memorialized as women's rights pioneers. White activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony cemented a generational canon. Black activist Sojourner Truth anticipated the eventual crystallization of intersectionality. These figures’ historical proximity underscores the high epistemological and political stakes of claiming gendered categories, namely via “woman” as a mark of aggrievement. I link concepts of intersectionality, epistemic agency, epistemic resources, and social movement framing to examine how “woman” is asymmetrically categorized. To this end, I perform a textual analysis of memorialized documents: “Declaration of Sentiments” (1848) by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, “Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States” (1876) by Susan B. Anthony, and “Ain't I a Woman?” (1851) by Sojourner Truth. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony frame “woman” as a single-axis and vertical category, ultimately deferring to the seeming preeminence of the US nation-state. By contrast, Sojourner Truth frames “woman” as a multi-axis and horizontal category by synthesizing her feminist consciousness, lived experience of enslavement, and personal religiosity. This article revisits key memorialized events by utilizing a conceptual toolkit that interlaces feminist and social epistemology with social movement theory.

Reliable anti-collision control algorithms conforming with the rules regulating traffic at sea, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG), are essential for the deployment of autonomous vessels in waters shared with other ships. The development of such methods is an active field of research. However, little attention has been given to how these rules are interpreted by experienced mariners, and how such information can be parametrised for use in automatic control systems and autonomous ships. This paper presents a method for exploiting historical automatic identification system (AIS) data to characterise parameters indicating the prevalent practices at sea in encounters with high collision risk. The method has been tested on data gathered in areas off the Norwegian coast over several years. Statistics on relevant parameters from the resulting dataset and the relation between them is presented. The results indicate that the strongest influence on vessel behaviour is the type of situation, and the amount of land and grounding hazards in the vessel's proximity.

This article presents findings from a fresh examination of a familiar source, shedding new light on the creation of one of the best-known contemporary accounts of the 1641 Irish uprising. It is argued that a text usually regarded as the work of Henry Jones, dean of Kilmore, ought to be understood as the intellectual property of both a team of authors and their sponsors, a New English faction at Dublin Castle with long-standing ambitions to crush popery and entrench planter hegemony in Ireland. It is argued that this group's objective was to strengthen the hand of the populist ‘junto’ at Westminster, led by John Pym, that was wrestling with Charles I for political and constitutional supremacy in English affairs in the winter and spring of 1641–2. The colonialists contributed to this metropolitan revolution by rendering safe to handle the Irish rebels’ politically-explosive seditious slander that their uprising had been raised by royal command. The notorious falsehood of the rebels’ claims has obscured the demonstrably underhand and fundamentally deceitful calculation with which the colonialists helped introduce it into mainstream English political culture, in order to isolate the king further and weaken his personal authority on both sides of the Irish Sea.