Lower COVID-19 vaccination coverage was observed among some populations with a migration background in the Netherlands. This study examined determinants of being unvaccinated against COVID-19 in the primary vaccination round in adults and in the 2022 autumn booster round in persons aged ≥60 years, among four populations of non-Dutch origin with below average vaccination coverage: Moroccan, Turkish, Surinamese and Dutch-Caribbean, and persons of Dutch origin. We performed a population-wide register-based study, examining associations between potential determinants and being unvaccinated using multivariable logistic regression and computing population attributable fractions. Being a migrant with two foreign-born parents, younger age, living in highly/extremely urban areas and having a lower income, lower education level and low medical risk for severe COVID-19 were risk factors for being unvaccinated in all populations. Substantial differences in the (strength of) determinants and population attributable fractions between populations were also observed. Socioeconomic status only partially mediated the association with being a migrant with two foreign-born parents. These findings illustrate that interventions targeting specific ethnic minority and migrant populations need further study with the aim to optimize the impact of vaccination programmes and improve health equity. To understand reasons behind non-uptake and design (community-based) interventions, qualitative and survey-based research is needed.

Aims: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) describes correlations between mental disorders, symptoms and physical organs, specifically identifying dominant emotions associated with specific organs. For example, in TCM sadness is correlated to the lung. TCM informs that psychological issues usually manifest as physiological dysfunction of the related organ. This encourages clinicians to consider the effects on various organs during management of mental disorders. This case study aims to explore the relationship and complexities between grief and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods: T was referred for grief counselling over her cats’ deaths and presented with respiratory symptoms which required further investigations. T is also a survivor of a horrific trauma 40 years ago, where an auntie wielded a knife at her and her mother. T’s mother died tragically while T bore scars across her arms, body, and the left side of her face visible till today. She was 6 years old. T reported that her father was deeply embittered, and never resolved his feelings of grief and anger. He died of lung fibrosis, which T attributes to his unresolved grief as she described how he would get breathless and could never talk about his late wife.

Results: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) may be caused by many different things. IPF however is one type of PF where no cause can be identified.

Western literature concurs with TCM in that the link between disease and bereavement is strongest for the cardiovascular system. There are medical studies which investigated biological events that occur during the grieving process. They noted pathways through which grief might affect the immune system and increase vulnerability to physical illness.

T has no prior knowledge of TCM and no known family history of pulmonary fibrosis. However, T identified and believed that unresolved grief was a large contributor to her father’s lung condition.

Conclusion: Psychological issues as a potential risk factor to the development of lung diseases have not been studied in patients with IPF.

This case study highlights the importance of supporting T in her grief, if that may indeed reduce the probability of a lung pathology according to western literature and TCM.

A follow up study to explore existence of complex grief in a cohort of patients with IPF would shed light on the possible correlation between grief and lungs, as described by the TCM perspective.

Common mental disorders (CMDs) are a leading cause of burden and disability globally. Approximately 75% of those living with CMDs reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and up to 90% of those needing mental health care do not receive it. The Friendship Bench is a task-sharing mental health intervention delivered by lay health workers (LHWs) that utilizes concepts of Problem-Solving Therapy. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of research outcomes of the Friendship Bench and understand its systematic uptake to narrow the CMD treatment gap. We conducted a systematic review of articles that reported on the Friendship Bench in LMICs, CMDs, implementation research outcomes, and studies that utilized experimental, observational, or qualitative study designs. We identified articles using medical subject headings and keywords from APA PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, Global Health, OVID, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in February 2023 and again in December 2023 to capture any additional articles. We screened 641 articles, and a total of 7 articles were included in the final analysis. All studies were conducted in Zimbabwe within the past 8 years, and across all the studies, all implementation research outcomes were reported. There is strong evidence that the Friendship Bench is acceptable, appropriate, and feasible to address the CMD treatment gap in Zimbabwe. Facilitators include that the Friendship Bench is culturally adaptable, utilizes trusted LHWs, and has relatively strong community and political buy-in. Conversely, barriers include a lack of a reliable mental health system, limitations in its ability to treat more serious mental conditions, and mental health stigma. There is an opportunity to explore the application of the Friendship Bench for CMDs in other countries and as a basis for novel task-sharing interventions for other health conditions.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have negative health consequences. Food insecurity and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are associated with higher UPF intake in U.S. adults, but this has not been examined in U.S. adolescents. This study assesses associations between food security status and SNAP participation with UPF intake in 3,067 adolescents aged 12–19 years with household incomes at or below 300% of the federal poverty line from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. UPF is defined using the Nova classification and measured as a percentage of daily total energy intake (TEI). High food security, marginal food security, or food insecurity status was determined through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s eighteen-item Household Food Security Survey. SNAP participation was deemed affirmative if the household reported receiving SNAP benefits in the last year. Multivariable linear regressions that controlled for TEI and sociodemographic covariates and accounted for the complex survey design examined associations between food insecurity and SNAP participation with UPF intake. In the sample, the prevalence of marginal food security was 15.9%, the prevalence of food insecurity was 33.8%, and the prevalence of SNAP participation was 36.5%. After multivariate adjustment, there were no significant differences in UPF intake by food security status. Adolescents participating in SNAP consumed 2.7% higher UPF intake (95% CI: 0.1%, 5.2%, p = 0.04) compared to adolescents not participating in SNAP. Among lower-income U.S. adolescents, SNAP participation but not food security status was associated with higher UPF intake. Programs and policies promoting the intake of more healthful, minimally processed foods should be strengthened.

Wetlands contribute to economic development through the provisioning of ecosystem services. In Rwanda, the exploitation of wetlands for agriculture is a recent phenomenon, introduced in response to food shortages in the dry season and drought periods. Few studies have documented the biodiversity of wetlands in Rwanda, such as the high altitude Rugezi marshland; a Ramsar site located in the north of Rwanda. To fill this gap, the first arthropod inventories were conducted in 2023, from June to July (dry season) and from November to December (rainy season) at Rugezi marshland. Data was collected in sites located in the northeast and northwest of the marshland using hand collection, pitfall traps, and sweep nets. Collected specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol and identified to the order and family levels using dichotomous keys. A total of 26,944 individuals of arthropods were sampled with 17,074 recorded during the dry season and 9,870 during the rainy season. High abundance was found in the northwest (N = 14,739) compared to the northeast (N = 12,151). Using this data, we found that there was a statistically significant difference in the diversity of arthropods between seasons and sites, with the dry season having higher arthropod diversity in northeast side while the rainy season had a more pronounced increase in northwest site. We recommend future studies to establish a list of arthropod bioindicators of land use change and the use of participatory governance for effective management of Rugezi marshland.

The Iraq war has produced more ironies than successes. The greatest of them is that an attack designed to demonstrate the preeminent power of the United States has ended up making clear that we now live in an era of supranationalism.

The United States stands poised between wanting to write its own ticket and wishing to speed efforts to solve the world's problems. Conspicuously first among equals, it is going to have to get used to the idea that national sovereignty belongs to the past.

Objectives/Goals: Developing an online platform for the clinical research coordinator (CRC) mentoring program aimed to create an accessible space for professional development and peer support using Microsoft Teams. The platform fosters communication, community, and connection to share best practices and resources, enhancing competencies and growth within the CRC research learning community. Methods/Study Population: The CRC group mentoring program was developed using the ADDIE model. In the analysis phase, CRC needs were assessed to identify gaps in professional development, leading to the choice of Microsoft Teams for its effective communication and resource-sharing capabilities. The Design phase established objectives and content outlines for mentors and mentees. During development, training materials and interactive activities were created. Implementation involved onboarding participants and facilitating scheduled sessions. Finally, the Evaluation phase employed the Kirkpatrick model to assess program effectiveness: Level 1 gathered participant feedback, Level 2 measured knowledge gains, Level 3 tracked skill application, and Level 4 evaluated overall CRC performance and professional development impact. Results/Anticipated Results: Building and maintaining a learning community in Microsoft Teams with 16 mentors and 34 mentees across two health locations offers benefits and challenges. Benefits include the structured organization that facilitates collaboration, resource sharing, and real-time communication, regardless of location. Specific channels can focus discussions and virtual meeting scheduling streamlines coordination. Teams allow easy access to training materials and assessments. Challenges include maintaining engagement and fostering community. Asynchronous communication may lead to uneven participation, while digital literacy levels can hinder involvement. Sustaining meaningful interactions requires intentional facilitation and consistent encouragement to keep discussions dynamic and supportive. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The online Microsoft Teams mentoring platform boosts professional development, enhances community, and provides a vital space for resource sharing and discussion, thereby improving CRC competencies. Despite challenges like digital literacy and asynchronous communication, effective facilitation is crucial for empowering future leaders.

Objectives/Goals: Create a supportive Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC) and Clinical Research Nurse consortium at UF. Facilitate mentorship groups to enhance knowledge on key topics. Build strong professional relationships among members. Empower members through collaboration. Develop future leaders and mentor in clinical research. Methods/Study Population: The CRC Group Mentorship Program at UF’s Gainesville and Jacksonville campuses addresses mentorship needs identified in a recent needs assessment, reflecting strong interest among CRC/CRNs. Small groups are formed using the Group Mentorship and Co-Mentoring Circles models, meeting bimonthly for six months on shared research interests. Co-lead mentors guide learning, peer support, communication skills, and goal setting while tracking progress. Mentees engage in peer learning, skill development, and networking. A dedicated Microsoft Teams platform provides resources to enhance confidence in Joint Task Force Clinical Trial Competencies and fosters collaboration through Q&A sessions, activities, assessments, and meetings, improving real-time and asynchronous interactions. Results/Anticipated Results: To measure mentor program impact, pre- and post-program surveys assess changes in knowledge, skills, and confidence among mentors and mentees, providing insights into effectiveness and areas for improvement. Monthly, the program features two meetings focusing on Joint Task Force competencies: a workshop for all groups on essential mentorship and CRC/CRN competencies, followed by evaluations, quizzes, and continuing education credits. The second meeting is group-specific, led by co-lead mentors, requiring submissions that demonstrate the application of learned knowledge and skills. This structure ensures continuous relevance and quality enhancement in future programs. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The program meets CRCs and CRNs’ critical needs through structured mentorship, fostering a supportive environment. It promotes continuous learning and professional development, enhancing job satisfaction and ensuring the sustainability of valuable research professionals.

Objectives/Goals: pT217-tau is a novel fluid biomarker that predicts onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms, but little is known about how pT217-tau arises in brain, as soluble pT217-tau is dephosphorylated postmortem in the humans. Aging macaques naturally develop tau pathology with the same qualitative pattern and sequence as humans, including cortical pathology. Methods/Study Population: The etiology of pT217-tau in aging brains can be probed in rhesus macaques, where perfusion fixation allows capture of phosphorylated proteins in their native state. We utilized multi-label immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase and immunogold immunoelectron microscopy to examine the subcellular localization of early-stage pT217-tau in entorhinal cortex (ERC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of aged rhesus macaques with naturally occurring tau pathology and assayed pT217-tau levels in blood plasma using an ultrasensitive nanoneedle approach. Results/Anticipated Results: pT217-tau labeling is primarily observed in postsynaptic compartments, accumulating in: 1) dendritic spines on the calcium-storing smooth endoplasmic reticulum spine apparatus near asymmetric glutamatergic-like synapses and 2) in dendritic shafts, where it aggregated on microtubules, often “trapping” endosomes associated with Aβ42. The dendrites expressing pT217-tau were associated with autophagic vacuoles and dysmorphic mitochondria, indicative of early neurite degeneration. We observed trans-synaptic pT217-tau trafficking between neurons within omega-shaped bodies and endosomes, specifically near excitatory, but not inhibitory synapses. We also examined pT217-tau in blood plasma in macaques across age-span and observed a statistically significant age-related increase in pT217-tau. Discussion/Significance of Impact: We provide direct evidence of pT217-tau trafficking between neurons near synapses to “seed” tau pathology in higher brain circuits, interfacing with the extracellular space to become accessible to CSF and blood. The expression of pT217-tau in dendrites with early signs of degeneration may help to explain why this tau species can herald future diseases.

Objectives/Goals: Chronic stress may accelerate biological aging yet is often overlooked in clinical settings. Many tools to assess stress exist, but a comprehensive measure of cumulative stress across the lifespan is unavailable. This study validates a novel measure of lifetime stress for use as a screening tool in clinical practice. Methods/Study Population: Patients (n > 220) enrolled in brain health research registry at the Washington University St. Louis Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center completed in-person surveys at baseline and after six months. Baseline measures included the everyday discrimination scale (EDS), total adverse experience (TAE), and demographics. Age and evaluating life course stress experience (ELSE) scores were measured six months later. Ongoing analysis includes age-adjusted correlations of ELSE scores with TAE and EDS scores. We will investigate the correlation with race and ethnicity and sex assigned at birth. We will explore the relationship between ELSE score and multidimensional intersectionality. Results/Anticipated Results: The sample was 87% Black or African American, 8% White, 4% Hispanic, 82% female, and 18% male, with a mean age of 66 ± 10 years. Age-adjusted relationships between patient characteristics and ELSE scores will be analyzed. Additionally, ELSE responses will be compared against age, EDS, and TAE measurements. Intersectionality between race-ethnicity, sex, and gender will be examined. We hypothesize ELSE scores will vary by demographic. Preliminary results indicate the ELSE scale correlates with established life stress measures, accounting for cumulative stress exposure across a lifespan independent of specific stressor topics. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The ELSE scale is a viable tool for clinical screening of chronic stress exposure over a lifespan. Its implementation will allow clinicians to identify patients at high risk for accelerated aging, facilitating targeted interventions and advancing equity in healthcare delivery.

While the majority of 2021 Capitol insurrection participants were white men, the media prominently highlighted the involvement of male conservative activists of color. However, we still know little about the perspectives of men in the general public regarding this event in our nation’s history, particularly across racial/ethnic and other identity groups. This project examines the influence of racialized anger and racial efficacy on self-identified male views toward the 2021 Capitol insurrection across racial/ethnic groups. We utilize the 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS), which was the only national, post-election dataset to yield responses on the Capitol insurrection across a large number of identity groups like men of color. Using the CMPS, we hypothesize that the level of racialized anger and racial efficacy will impact attitudes toward the 2021 Capitol insurrection for men across racial groups comparing men of color and their white male counterparts. We find racial anger has a negative effect on political attitudes about the 2021 Capitol insurrection across all groups of men, while racial efficacy has varied effects on certain men of color groups in comparison to white men. This paper underscores the importance of intersectionality in the study of public opinion formation and the effect of political attitudes like racial efficacy and racialized anger on non-traditional political engagement.

This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to study how subjects’ decision making may be affected by the timing of participation payments (or show-up fees). The experiment follows Davis et al. (J. Econ. 30:69-95, 2004) where subjects were asked to make a sequential purchase decision and were given the opportunity to purchase information about the value of a good prior to a decision to purchase the good itself. There, subjects purchased information less often than expected which was interpreted as risk-seeking behavior. Here, we test a payment hypothesis by varying the timing of the participation payment. Payment of a show-up fee before the decision-making stages of the experiment increases information purchase, which we interpret as an increase in risk-averse behavior.