This article examines the use of fuck and fucking in Danish, with a focus on their interactional functions for assessing. Data consist of 76 cases found in informal Danish conversations, analyzed within the framework of Interactional Linguistics. Fuck functions as a reactive interjection that prefaces various types of clauses. However, fuck followed by a copula clause develops an assessment out of a telling. Followed by hvor ‘how’ and an adjective, fuck performs agreeing assessment. Hvad fuck ‘what the fuck’ may occur in questions. Fucking is commonly used in copula clause assessments but also within noun phrases when no response is elicited. The study concludes that the use of fuck and fucking in Danish differs from their use in English, but also from the Danish swearword fanden ‘the devil, damn’. The conclusions indicate that interactional functions and constructions are an important factor for understanding the pragmatics of borrowing and swearing.

Excavations at Alcatrazes, the seat of Cape Verde’s short-lived second captaincy, have exposed a Portuguese colonial settlement, demonstrating continued occupation after the relocation of its official offices. The results include insights into early Luso-African practices and the presence of West African and local-made pottery, with environmental samples ‘clocking’ colonial introductions.

This study presents an innovative framework to improve the accessibility and usability of collaborative robot programming. Building on previous research that evaluated the feasibility of using a domain-specific language based on behaviour-driven development, this paper addresses the limitations of earlier work by integrating additional features like a drag-and-drop Blockly web interface. The system enables end users to define and execute robot actions with minimal technical knowledge, making it more adaptable and intuitive. Additionally, a gesture-recognition module facilitates multimodal interaction, allowing users to control robots through natural gestures. The system was evaluated through a user study involving participants with varying levels of professional experience and little to no programming background. Results indicate significant improvements in user satisfaction, with the system usability scale overall score increasing from 7.50 to 8.67 out of a maximum of 10 and integration ratings rising from 4.42 to 4.58 out of 5. Participants completed tasks using a manageable number of blocks (5 to 8) and reported low frustration levels (mean: 8.75 out of 100) alongside moderate mental demand (mean: 38.33 out of 100). These findings demonstrate the tool’s effectiveness in reducing cognitive load, enhancing user engagement and supporting intuitive, efficient programming of collaborative robots for industrial applications.

A major question for the future of the environment of Japan – understood here both as natural environment and living environment – is whether pressures of population decline will prompt a more general adoption of quality-of-place and quality-of-environment strategies for local place making and place survival. A combination of very low birthrates (common to most developed countries), and an unwillingness to allow large-scale immigration (in which Japan is the exception among developed countries) means that Japan is the first large developed country in the world to face massive and imminent population decline. As discussed below, total population is expected to decline by about 28 million, to 100 million by 2050, and the proportion of the elderly will increase dramatically. Overall population decline and ageing will change the context of place-making greatly, as competition for both residents and inward investment intensifies. The impacts of these pressures on local environmental governance approaches will have major consequences for the future of the Japanese settlement system and the Japanese people. This article explores the possibility that population ageing and economic decline may be creating conditions in which Japanese local governments intensify efforts towards more livable cities with a high level of environmental amenity and quality of local services.

Objectives/Goals: Early identification and profiling of planned studies is a critical administrative challenge in providing timely support for clinical trials. Here we describe the collaborative design and development of a clinical trial tracking dashboard to enhance support and quality improvement for investigator-initiated clinical trials at our institution. Methods/Study Population: Trial-CARE organized a workgroup with key stakeholders from WashU business units that manage grants, information technology, bioinformatics, data repository stewardship, and clinical trial support. The workgroup strategized next steps in a “proof-of-concept” effort to determine whether NIH investigator-initiated clinical trial metrics would be accessible via the WashU Data Warehouse. The WashU Data Warehouse is a data repository that pulls in pre-award and post-award data from sources such as the WashU Research-Grant Management System (RMS) and the NIH Reporter Tool. The proof-of-concept findings lead to implementing a plan for Phase 1 of the design, development, and piloting of a visual dashboard to track and offer targeted and timely support to NIH investigator-initiated clinical trials at WashU. Results/Anticipated Results: WashU currently has 217 grants submitted and 114 grants awarded for NIH clinical trials. In the proof of concept, we confirmed and successfully matched over 100 awarded NIH investigator-initiated clinical trials at WashU across RMS and the NIH Reporter Tool. We determined Phase I of the dashboard would track clinical trial data from these two sources via the WashU Data Warehouse. The pilot of Phase I of the dashboard will begin in February 2025. We also identified mission critical data elements not accessible via the WashU Data Warehouse (e.g., enrollment diversity, IND, and IDE). The plan to procure this data will require continued stakeholder support in Phase II of the dashboard to (1) expand data capture in RMS and (2) ingest additional data into the WashU Data Warehouse from RMS or new systems (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Early access to robust data about NIH investigator-initiated clinical trials via our newly created Phase I dashboard will better position our centralized service cores to support trial success, compliance, and quality improvement across the lifecycle of these clinical trials. In Phase II, we plan to expand the data available in the dashboard.

The fact that criminal behavior typically has negative consequences for others provides a compelling reason to think that criminals lack prosocial motivation. This paper reports the results from two dictator game experiments designed to study the prosocial motivation of criminals. In a lab experiment involving prisoners, we find a striking similarity in the prosocial behavior of criminals and non-criminals, both when they interact with criminals and when they interact with non-criminals. Similarly, in an Internet experiment on a large sample from the general population, we find no difference in the prosocial behavior of individuals with and without a criminal record. We argue that our findings provide evidence of criminals being as prosocially motivated as non-criminals in an important type of distributive situations.