The Bransfield Strait stands out as one of the most accessible places to study Antarctic submarine volcanism, hosting seven active principal submarine volcanic edifices (Edifices A, B and C, Three Sisters, Orca, Hook Ridge, G Ridge) and ~100 smaller seamounts. Only two of them have names (Eastern and Western Seamounts), and ~80 are grouped into two named areas: Spanish Rise and Gibbs Rise. During recent decades, numerous studies have assigned different names to the same volcanic edifices, leading to confusion. Only one of them, Orca, is formally registered in the Scientific Committee of Antarctic Research Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica, which is the catalogue collecting all of the official location names in Antarctica. A unified toponymy is essential, particularly to effectively manage regional logistic operations in case of eruption. Therefore, this study compiles the distinct names assigned to these edifices as a toponymy reference for future research. We recommend using the names most commonly cited in previous studies and, when new names are necessary, submitting them to the Scientific Committee of Antarctic Research Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica to avoid further confusion.

Limb salvage surgery (LSS) with megaprosthesis is a common treatment for distal femur tumors, but its impact on gait remains poorly understood. Traditional gait analysis methods are costly and require specialized equipment. This study aims to compare spatiotemporal gait parameters between patients with distal femur megaprosthesis and healthy controls using an inertial measurement unit (IMU). We conducted a case–control study with 79 participants: 31 patients with distal femur megaprosthesis and 48 healthy controls. Gait data were collected using an IMU placed at L5-S1, capturing metrics such as gait quality index (GQI), pelvic kinematics, propulsion index, and gait speed. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and one-way ANOVA to compare gait parameters across groups. Patients with megaprosthesis exhibited significantly lower gait speed, propulsion index and anteroposterior acceleration symmetry index compared to controls (p < .05). GQI was reduced in the healthy legs of the cases (92.3%) compared to control legs (96.6%). Adaptations included prolonged stance phases in healthy legs and decreased single support phases in prosthetic legs. Despite these changes, gait patterns remained within functional ranges. IMU-based gait analysis reveals significant but functional alterations in gait mechanics among patients with distal femoral megaprosthesis. These findings underscore the need for tailored rehabilitation strategies to address compensatory mechanisms, optimize mobility, and enhance long-term outcomes. The use of IMU technology offers a cost-effective and portable alternative for clinical gait assessments.

Previous literature demonstrates that beliefs about the determinants of income inequality play a major role in individual support for income redistribution. This study investigates how people form beliefs regarding the extent to which work versus luck determines income inequality. Specifically, I examine whether people form self-serving beliefs to justify supporting personally advantageous redistributive policies. I use a laboratory experiment where I directly measure beliefs and manipulate the incentives to engage in self-deception. I first replicate earlier results demonstrating that (1) people attribute income inequality to work when they receive a high income and to luck when they receive a low income and (2) their beliefs about the source of income inequality influence their preferences over redistributive policies. However, I do not find that people’s beliefs about the causes of income inequality are further influenced by self-serving motivations based on a desire to justify favorable redistributive policies. I conclude that, in my experiment, self-serving beliefs about the causes of income inequality are driven primarily by overconfidence and self-image concerns and not to justify favorable redistributive policies.

We study how the scope of negative externalities from market activity affects the willingness of market actors to exhibit social responsibility. Using the laboratory experimental paradigm introduced by Bartling et al. (Q J Econ 130(1):219–266, 2015), we compare the voluntary internalization of negative social impacts by market actors in cases where the negative externality is diffused among many subjects or is concentrated on a single subject. We (1) replicate earlier results demonstrating substantial degrees of market social responsibility and (2) find that the willingness of market actors to act pro-socially is only slightly affected by whether the impacts are concentrated or diffused.

Lipids play an important role in human nutrition. Although adequate lipid consumption is necessary for an optimal functioning of the human body, overconsumption of saturated fatty acids can lead to postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, which triggers the development of atherosclerosis. Important parameters that impact postprandial lipaemia and inflammation are related to the matrix structure and the fat-soluble micronutrient profile of ingested foods/lipids, but the specific effect of these parameters should be further studied, as most of the available studies evaluate their effect at fasting state. This review specifically explores the effects of food structure and fat-soluble micronutrients, from either micronutrient-rich foods or supplements, on postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia and inflammation. The review also highlights the potential of emerging biomarkers such as miRNAs or circulating microvesicles, as an alternative to the widely use biomarkers (e.g. low-density lipoproteins or blood concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines), to identify inflammation associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia at early stages.

Based on the theories of radical education, this article discusses the education of electronic music in Venezuela. After a historiographical review of the state of music education in the country, which shows that there is little information on the subject, the institutional life that has promoted electroacoustic music in Venezuela is approached from a critical perspective. This documentary research gathers and analyses data provided by a bibliographic review and unstructured interviews with experts in the field. Among the most salient findings is the discontinuity in the teaching of electroacoustic music, as well as a critical review of the notions of radical education in the case of Venezuela, where the educational system shows stagnation in the face of the global context.

Knowledge of the morphological phenotypes of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea) is analysed. The influence of parasite age on its dimensions, the adult fluke growth model, variation in a biometric variable versus time, and variation in a biometric variable versus another biometric variable (allometric model) are revised. The most useful allometric model appears to be (y2m]#x2212;y2)/y2=c [(y1m−y1)/y1]b, where y1=body area or body length, y2=one of the measurements analysed, y1m, y2m=maximum values towards which y1 and y2, respectively, tend, and c, b=constants. A method based on material standardization, the measurement proposal and allometric analysis is detailed. A computer image analysis system (CIAS), which includes a colour video-camera connected to a stereomicroscope (for adult studies) and a microscope (for egg studies), facilitates the processing of digital imaging. Examples of its application for the analysis of the influence of different factors on the liver fluke phenotype are shown using material from the Northern Bolivian Altiplano, where human and domestic animal fascioliasis is caused by F. hepatica only. Comparisons between the development of livestock fluke populations from highlands and lowlands are discussed and the relationships between host species and liver fluke morphometric patterns is analysed.

A total of 301 blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou Risso, 1826, ranging in length from 17 to 28 cm, from Motril Bay (Mediterranean coast, south Spain) were examined for anisakid nematodes, as these fish are common items in the Spanish Mediterranean diet. Three anisakid species were morphologically identified with a total prevalence of 10.63%. Anisakis simplex s.l. Rudolphi, 1809 had a prevalence value of 6.65%, compared with 2.66% for A. physeteris Baylis, 1923 and 2.33% for Hysterothylacium aduncum Rudolphi, 1802. Variations in prevalence values with season and host size are discussed. Allozyme markers (leucine aminopeptidase-1) were used to identify anisakid nematodes assigned to the A. simplex complex and all examined larvae were found to correspond genetically to A. pegreffii Nascetti et al., 1986.

The infection by Opecoeloides furcatus and Poracanthium furcatum (Opecoeliidae) was studied in 121 Mullus barbatus and 113 M. surmuletus collected from the Spanish south-eastern Mediterranean. The prevalence of infection was most frequent in M. surmuletus with values of 81.42% for O. furcatus and 38.05% for P. furcatum. In M. barbatus the prevalences of O. furcatus and P. furcatum were 54.54% and 14.88% respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the infection of the two hosts with P. furcatum. No significant differences in worm burdens could be attributable to host size or to seasonal changes, although a lower infection of M. barbatus by O. furcatus occurred in the autumn. Furthermore, the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme malic dehydrogenase (MDH) was also studied and both digeneans presented different patterns, corresponding in both cases to homozygotic genotypes.

A morphological study of adult liver flukes and eggs from sheep in a human fascioliasis endemic zone in the Northern Bolivian Altiplano showed that they belong to the species Fasciola hepatica. An exhaustive morphometric comparison with a F. hepatica population from Spanish sheep was made using image analysis and an allometric model: (y2m - y2)]#x002F;y2 = c[(y1m - y1)/y1]b, where y1 = body surface or body length, y2 = one of the measurements analysed, y1m, y2m = maximum values towards which y1 and y2 respectively tend, and c, b = constants. Only slight allometric differences in worms were observed despite the geographic distance between both Spanish and Bolivian sheep populations and the very high altitude of the Bolivian Altiplano.

Hand hygiene (HH) is the paramount measure used to prevent healthcare-associated infections. A repeated cross-sectional study was undertaken with direct observation of the degree of compliance on HH of healthcare personnel during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Between, 2018–2019, 9,083 HH opportunities were considered, and 5,821 in 2020–2022. Chi squared tests were used to identify associations. The crude and adjusted odds ratios were used along with a logistic regression model for statistical analyses. Compliance on HH increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 54.5% (95% CI: 53.5, 55.5) to 70.1% (95% CI: 68.9, 71.2) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase was observed in four of the five key moments of HH established by the World Health Organization (WHO) (p < 0.05), except at moment 4. The factors that were significantly and independently associated with compliance were the time period considered, type of healthcare-personnel, attendance at training sessions, knowledge of HH and WHO guidelines, and availability of hand disinfectant alcoholic solution in pocket format. Highest HH compliance occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting a positive change in healthcare-personnel’s behaviour regarding HH recommendations.

Access to safe, clean and affordable water is a basic human right and a global goal towards which climate change poses new challenges that heavily impact the health and wellbeing of people across the globe and exacerbate or create new inequalities. These challenges are shaped by a number of geographical and social conditions that, apart from the risks of weather-driven impacts on water, include water governance and management arrangements in place, including pricing tariffs, and the interplay of social and economic inequalities. Building on examples from Australia, Scotland and England and Wales that illustrate access to water in different types of water provision systems, and regarding to aspects of access, quality and affordability, this paper explores the types of challenges related to water poverty in the context of climate crisis and reflects on the multiple dimensions of water poverty oriented social policy at the interplay of climate change associated risks.

High-Froude-number flows become self-aerated when the destabilizing effect of turbulence overcomes gravity and surface tension forces. Traditionally, the resulting air concentration profile has been explained using single-layer approaches that invoke solutions of the advection–diffusion equation for air in water, i.e. bubbles’ dispersion. Based on a wide range of experimental evidence, we argue that the complete air concentration profile shall be explained through the weak interaction of different canonical turbulent flows, namely a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) and a turbulent wavy layer (TWL). Motivated by a decomposition of the streamwise velocity into a pure wall flow and a free-stream flow (Krug et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 811, 2017, pp. 421–435), we present a physically consistent two-state formulation of the structure of a self-aerated flow. The air concentration is mathematically built upon a modified Rouse profile and a Gaussian error function, resembling vertical mass transport in the TBL and the TWL. We apply our air concentration theory to over 500 profiles from different data sets, featuring excellent agreement. Finally, we show that the turbulent Schmidt number, characterizing the momentum-mass transfer, ranges between 0.2 and 1, which is consistent with previous mass-transfer experiments in TBLs. Altogether, the proposed flow conceptualization sets the scene for more physically based numerical modelling of turbulent mass diffusion in self-aerated flows.

Emilio Pérez Piñero represents the paradigm of the architect inventor of the twentieth century. His extraordinary mind developed through a series of special circumstances in the early stages of his life, and further, through his own disciplined dedication, he was able to produce a wealth of work of a richness and complexity that go beyond innovation and problem solving. Invention in Pérez Piñero’s work was the result of a masterly mathematical command and a highly developed three-dimensional vision, which enabled him to see possible solutions that had been considered impossible before him. His geodesic domes are true structural landmarks and his folding reticulated structures, in which dynamic folding mechanisms are designed so as to reach equilibrium when fully stretched at the point at which they become static structures, are the culmination of a body of work that has no comparison in the panorama of the architecture of the time.