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37 results

Page 1 of 2

  • Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis

  • Wilma M. Hopman, Helen Coo, Cathy M. Edgar, Evelyn V. McBride, Andrew G. Day, Donald G. Brunet
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 34 / Issue 2 / May 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 December 2014, pp. 160-166
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Much research has gone into the assessment of function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in those with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form (SF-36) has been widely used in this population but current recommendations are that it be supplemented with condition-specific measures such as the MS Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI) and the MS Functional Composite (MSFC). The goal of the baseline component of this study was the measurement of generic and condition-specific HRQOL, and the identification of factors associated with these outcomes.

    Methods:

    HRQOL was assessed at the baseline phase of a longitudinal study. Participants completed the assessment during their regularly scheduled clinic visit.

    Results:

    300 of 387 eligible patients agreed to participate, for a response rate of 77.5%. Age ranged from 22 to 77 years, while duration of MS ranged from 1 to 47 years. Mean SF-36 scores were well below age- and sex-adjusted normative data. Only 240 completed the MSFC component. Higher EDSS, use of support services, pain medications, clinical depression and antidepressant use were associated with poorer HRQOL, while higher income and education were associated with better HRQOL.

    Conclusions:

    There is a substantial burden of illness associated with MS when compared to normative HRQOL data. This was more pronounced in physically- than in mentally-oriented domains. Assessment of HRQOL provides a valuable complement to the EDSS by providing information about the patient perception of function and HRQOL beyond that which can be obtained by physical assessment alone.

  • Multiple Sclerosis: Change in Health-Related Quality of Life Over Two Years

  • Wilma M. Hopman, Helen Coo, Andrey Pavlov, Andrew G. Day, Catherine M. Edgar, Evelyn V. McBride, Donald G. Brunet
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 36 / Issue 5 / September 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 December 2014, pp. 554-561
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Cross-sectional research has demonstrated poorer function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in those with multiple sclerosis (MS) but less is known about change over time. The goals of this study were to measure change in HRQOL and identify factors associated with change.

    Methods:

    HRQOL was assessed at baseline and annually over two subsequent years using the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory. Function was assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite. Annualized rate of change was calculated for all twenty outcomes. Mixed effects modeling (univariate followed by multivariate) was used to examine the associations among patient characteristics and the age- and sex-adjusted Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) at study initiation and over the two years of follow-up.

    Results:

    Of 300 participants, 288 (96%) provided at least one assessment and are included in this analysis. Although 14 of the 20 outcomes showed a mean decline, only two (SF-36 physical function, p=0.018 and the EDSS, p<0.001) were statistically significant. The SF-36 social function showed a significant improvement (p=0.031). Only two variables were significantly associated with a decreased rate of decline or improvement over two years, including being female (PCS, p=0.001) and use of visiting nurse services (MCS, p<0.001).

    Conclusions:

    HRQOL is relatively stable over two years of follow-up, particularly for mentally-oriented outcomes. Further research with a longer period of follow-up is needed to provide additional insight into factors associated with change in HRQOL in patients with MS.

  • 7 - Standing for environmental groups: Protecting public and private interests

  • from Part 1 - The Structure and Themes of Administrative Law
  • Edited by Matthew Groves, Monash University, Victoria
  • Book:
    Modern Administrative Law in Australia
    Published online:
    12 August 2019
    Print publication:
    13 February 2014, pp 140-162

  • Summary

    Introduction: Standing and interests

    The general principle of Australian standing laws is that an applicant is to have a special interest in the subject matter of the proceedings. This is easily satisfied when the applicant has suffered harm to their private rights and interests – particularly if the harm relates to property or financial concerns. Issues tend to arise when applicants bring proceedings claiming to represent other persons with rights and interests that are affected, or when they claim to represent the public interest. This chapter examines the difficulties under the basic rules of standing for environmental groups in bringing proceedings to challenge administrative decisions. It also examines reforms that facilitate environmental groups’ access to the courts.

    It is convenient to mention at the outset that, technically, there is a variety of standing rules in Australia – the rules vary depending on the remedy being sought. While it is doubtful whether standing rules should differ according to the remedy, it is also commonly accepted that the different tests for standing are converging. The common thread in standing laws is that the applicant has an ‘interest’ that is regarded as worthy of protection – reflected in Australian law in the special interest test established in Australian Conservation Foundation v Commonwealth.

Goethe Yearbook 20
  • Edited by Daniel Purdy
  • With contributions by Constantin Behler , Benjamin Bennett , Frauke Berndt , Fritz Breithaupt , Hannah Vandegrift Eldridge , Andrew Erwin , Patrick Fortmann , Edgar Landgraf , Horst Lange , Charlotte Lee , Claudia Maienborn , Joseph D. O'Neil , Elizabeth Powers , Christian P. Weber and Daniel Wilson
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    15 July 2013
  • The Goethe Yearbook is a publication of the Goethe Society of North America, encouraging North American Goethe scholarship by publishing original English-language contributions to the understanding of Goethe and other authors of the Goethezeit while also welcoming contributions from scholars around the world. Volume 20 contains a special section on Goethe's lyric poetry with contributions from leading scholars. The essays incorporate a range of new methodologies that provide innovative readings of Goethe's most important poems, including contributions by Benjamin Bennett on Faust and Daniel Wilson on the West-östliche Divan. The volume also includesessays on Götz von Berlichingen, the Sturm-und-Drang sublime, the Nibelungenlied's place within Weltliteratur, as well as an examination of Schiller's notion of freedom. Contributors: Constantin Behler, Benjamin Bennett, Frauke Berndt, Fritz Breithaupt, Hannah Vandegrift Eldridge, Andrew Erwin, Patrick Fortmann, Edgar Landgraf, Horst Lange, Charlotte Lee, Claudia Maienborn, Joseph D. O'Neil, Elizabeth Powers, Christian P. Weber, W. Daniel Wilson. Daniel Purdy is Associate Professor of German at Pennsylvania State University. Book review editor Catriona MacLeod is Associate Professor of German at the University of Pennsylvania.

The Philosophy of Habermas
  • Andrew Edgar
  • Published by:
    Acumen Publishing
    Published online:
    05 February 2013
    Print publication:
    30 June 2005
  • This comprehensive introduction to the thought of Jurgen Habermas covers the full range of his ideas from his early work on student politics to his recent work on communicative action, ethics and law. Andrew Edgar examines Habermas's key texts in chronological order, revealing the developments, shifts and turns in Habermas's thinking as he refines his basic insights and incorporates new sources and ideas. Some of the themes discussed include Habermas's early reshaping of Marxist theory and practice, his characterization of critical theory, his conception of universal pragmatics, his theories of communicative action and discourse ethics, and his defence of the project of modernity. Edgar offers much more than a schematic run through of Habermas's big ideas. He deals in detail with Habermas's arguments in order to demonstrate how he weaves together multiple strands of thought, and he usefully situates Habermas's ideas within the contexts of the history of German philosophy, the history of sociology, and within contemporary debates in both continental and analytic philosophy. By engaging with some of Habermas's key critics and contrasting his views with the ideas of contemporaries, Edgar is able to give a clear sense of Habermas's place and importance in contemporary philosophy and social theory.

  • High-temperature order/disorder transition in the thermoelectric Cu3SbSe3

  • Melanie Kirkham, Paul Majsztrik, Eric Skoug, Donald Morelli, Hsin Wang, Wallace D. Porter, E. Andrew Payzant, Edgar Lara-Curzio
  • Journal:
    Journal of Materials Research / Volume 26 / Issue 15 / 14 August 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 April 2011, pp. 2001-2005
    Print publication:
    14 August 2011

  • We report the results of an investigation on the structural evolution of a potential new thermoelectric material, Cu3SbSe3, as a function of temperature from 25 to 390 °C. From high-temperature x-ray diffraction data, the refined lattice parameters were seen to change nonlinearly, but continuously, with temperature, with an increased rate of thermal expansion in the a and b lattice parameters from around 125 °C to 175 °C and negative thermal expansion in the c axis from around 100 °C to 175 °C. Crystallographic charge flipping analysis indicated an increase in the disorder of the copper cations with temperature. This reversible order/disorder phase transition in Cu3SbSe3 affects the transport properties, as evidenced by thermal conductivity measurements, which change from negative to positive slope at the transition temperature. This structural change in Cu3SbSe3 has implications for its potential use in thermoelectric generators.

  • 8 - Genetic information and public opinion

  • Edited by Heather Widdows, University of Birmingham, Caroline Mullen, University of Leeds
  • Book:
    The Governance of Genetic Information
    Published online:
    02 February 2010
    Print publication:
    03 September 2009, pp 178-200

  • Summary

    The purpose of this chapter is to explore the nature of public debate in the field of genetics. Focusing on the issue of developing DNA biobanks, it will be argued that public consultation and involvement are crucial to the process of sustaining and legitimating such projects. However, it will be suggested that consultation processes are readily distorted, due to the complexity of the science involved, and the ideological distortions that are inherent in much of the language and imagery that is available to think about genetics. It will therefore be suggested that public consultation must proceed in the spirit of an ideology critique – that takes both the scientific and public understandings of genetics seriously, but recognises that such understandings may be symptomatic of deep-seated cultural fears and imbalances of power.

    Genetic information and biobanks

    Einsiedel argues that the completion of the mapping and sequencing of the human genome in 2001 was not the end of a project, but the beginning. The human genome is not, in itself, meaningful. Mapping and sequencing merely serve to identify the chromosomal site of each gene, and to identify the gene's molecular composition (of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base pairs), respectively. Genes are expressed in the production of proteins. Understanding and making sense of the role that this fundamental organic chemistry plays in the formation and behaviour of any organism, let alone the complex cultural being that is the modern human, is daunting, both as a project within the natural sciences, and as one within the social sciences and humanities.

  • The Stone Workers of Purbeck

  • Michael Edgar, Andrew Hinde
  • Journal:
    Rural History / Volume 10 / Issue 1 / April 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 October 2008, pp. 75-90

  • In his book Green and Pleasant Land, Howard Newby used the term ‘occupational communities’ to describe the villages of rural England in the nineteenth century. By using this term he intended to convey simultaneously the notions that the populations of these villages were dependent upon a single economic activity, agriculture; that social and economic life within them therefore revolved around the agricultural cycle; and that social relations in such villages were defined and understood on the basis of occupational relationships within agriculture.

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