This study explores the perspectives of teachers and pupils regarding the benefits and challenges of teaching Classics in primary classrooms in Northern Ireland (NI). Conducted in 2020, the methodological approach consisted of interviews with six teachers from three schools and a focus group held with eight children.1 The study identified positive impacts of teaching Classics on numerous subjects, including Modern Foreign Languages (MFL). The most pressing challenge appeared to be a crowded curriculum. Teachers and pupils suggested that training and support be offered to educators in order to optimise links between Latin, English literacy and MFL understanding. Finally, recommendations are made for the future study of Classics in Northern Ireland.

Observations have been made on the morphology of Bothriocephalus scorpii from littoral fishes in Britain, with particular reference to the reproductive system and the ultrastructure of the tegument. Two different kinds of microtriches, and ciliated sense organs, have been found. The shedding of proglottides by pseudoapolysis is described.

Proteocephalus pentastoma and Polyonchobothrium polypteri are redescribed from specimens from Polypterus spp. in the Sudan. Proteocephalus pentastoma is considered to be a valid species.

A dynamic systems (DS) approach uncovers important connections between emotion and neurophysiology. It is critical, however, to include a developmental perspective. Strides in the understanding of emotional development, as well as the present use of DS in developmental science, add significantly to the study of emotion. Examples include stranger fear during infancy, intermodal perception of emotion, and development of individual emotional systems.