22 results
Human milk, breastfeeding, and early neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants with critical CHD
- Kristin M. Elgersma, Melissa L. Engel, Sara E. Ramel, Jessica A. Davis, Anne C. McKechnie, Katie M. Pfister
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 May 2024, pp. 1-9
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Human milk improves neurodevelopment for preterm infants, but relationships between human milk and neurodevelopment for infants with critical CHD are unknown. We aimed to (1) explore associations between human milk/direct breastfeeding and neurodevelopment at 1-year and 2-year follow-up and (2) describe patterns of human milk (maternal, donor) and commercial formula during hospitalisation in the first year of life.
This retrospective cohort study included infants who underwent surgery for CHD < 6 months old. The primary outcome was neurodevelopment via Bayley Scales of Infant Development-IV. Analysis included adjusted linear regression for associations between exclusive human milk while inpatient during the first 6 months or any direct breastfeeding while inpatient during the first year of life and 1-year Bayley-IV scores. Models were adjusted for race, insurance type, genetic diagnosis, and length of stay.
Of 98 eligible infants, 40% followed up at 1 year; 27% at 2 years. There were differences in follow-up related to demographics (race, ethnicity) and social determinants of health (insurance type, distance from clinic). In adjusted models, infants who directly breastfed had 13.18 points higher cognition (95% CI: 0.84–25.53, p = 0.037); 14.04 points higher language (2.55–25.53, p = 0.018); and 15.80 points higher motor scores (3.27–28.34, p = 0.015) at 1-year follow-up. Infants fed exclusive human milk had 12.64 points higher cognition scores (−0.53–25.82, p = 0.059).
Future investigation into nutrition and neurodevelopment in the context of critical CHD is warranted. As neurodevelopmental follow-up becomes standard of care in this population, efforts are needed to mitigate disparities in access to this care.
Equilibrium measures of the natural extension of $\boldsymbol{\beta}$ -shifts
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- C.-E. PFISTER, W. G. SULLIVAN
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- Journal:
- Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems / Volume 42 / Issue 7 / July 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 May 2021, pp. 2415-2430
- Print publication:
- July 2022
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We give a necessary and sufficient condition on $\beta $ of the natural extension of a $\beta $ -shift, so that any equilibrium measure for a function of bounded total oscillations is a weak Gibbs measure.
A hydrodynamic analysis of self-similar radiative ablation flows
- J.-M. Clarisse, J.-L. Pfister, S. Gauthier, C. Boudesocque-Dubois
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 848 / 10 August 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 June 2018, pp. 219-255
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Self-similar solutions to the compressible Euler equations with nonlinear conduction are considered as particular instances of unsteady radiative deflagration – or ‘ablation’ – waves with the goal of characterizing the actual hydrodynamic properties that such flows may present. The chosen family of solutions, corresponding to the ablation of an initially quiescent perfectly cold and homogeneous semi-infinite slab of inviscid compressible gas under the action of increasing external pressures and radiation fluxes, is well suited to the description of the early ablation of a target by gas-filled cavity X-rays in experiments of high energy density physics. These solutions are presently computed by means of a highly accurate numerical method for the radiative conduction model of a fully ionized plasma under the approximation of a non-isothermal leading shock wave. The resulting set of solutions is unique for its high fidelity description of the flows down to their finest scales and its extensive exploration of external pressure and radiative flux ranges. Two different dimensionless formulations of the equations of motion are put forth, yielding two classifications of these solutions which are used for carrying out a quantitative hydrodynamic analysis of the corresponding flows. Based on the main flow characteristic lengths and on standard characteristic numbers (Mach, Péclet, stratification and Froude numbers), this analysis points out the compressibility and inhomogeneity of the present ablative waves. This compressibility is further analysed to be too high, whether in terms of flow speed or stratification, for the low Mach number approximation, often used in hydrodynamic stability analyses of ablation fronts in inertial confinement fusion (ICF), to be relevant for describing these waves, and more specifically those with fast expansions which are of interest in ICF. Temperature stratification is also shown to induce, through the nonlinear conductivity, supersonic upstream propagation of heat-flux waves, besides a modified propagation of quasi-isothermal acoustic waves, in the flow conduction regions. This description significantly departs from the commonly admitted depiction of a quasi-isothermal conduction region where wave propagation is exclusively ascribed to isothermal acoustics and temperature fluctuations are only diffused.
Characterizing Pathways of Invasive Plant Spread to Alaska: II. Propagules from Imported Hay and Straw
- Jeffery S. Conn, Casie A. Stockdale, Nancy R. Werdin-Pfisterer, Jenny C. Morgan
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- Journal:
- Invasive Plant Science and Management / Volume 3 / Issue 3 / November 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 276-285
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The extent and nature of spread of exotic plant species to and within Alaska by shipment of hay and straw was studied. The amounts of hay and straw imported into Alaska and the amounts and types of seed in imported and locally produced hay and straw was determined We purchased alfalfa hay, wheat straw, ryegrass straw, and timothy hay produced in Washington and Oregon (WA–OR) and locally produced straw and hay. The hay and straw were shaken over screens, and the remaining fines were mixed with sterile potting soil and incubated in the greenhouse. Forty-nine plant species were identified from hay and straw, nine of which are ranked as invasive in Alaska, including downy brome, foxtail barley, hare barley, narrowleaf hawksbeard, and quackgrass—a prohibited weed in Alaska. The number of seeds ranged from 0 to 6,205 seeds kg−1, with an average of 585 seeds kg−1, and the number of species ranged from 0 to 12, with an average of 4.2 species per bale. Crop seed comprised a large proportion of the germinated seeds in ryegrass straw, wheat straw, and timothy/brome hay (98, 78, and 62%, respectively), but was less prevalent (ranging from 0 to 38%) in the other three hay and straw crop types. Hay and straw from Alaska contained more total seeds and species than hay and straw from WA-OR, but the difference was not significant when only weed seed was used in the analysis. Alaska-grown timothy/brome hay contained significantly more total seed than alfalfa hay and wheat straw from WA–OR and Alaska-grown barley straw. The grower or distributor of the hay and straw also influenced the number of seeds and species among some crop types. Results of this study document that large numbers of alien plant species are transported by movements of hay and straw into and within Alaska.
Axisymmetric propagating vortices in centrifugally stable Taylor–Couette flow
- C. Hoffmann, S. Altmeyer, M. Heise, J. Abshagen, G. Pfister
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 728 / 10 August 2013
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- 11 July 2013, pp. 458-470
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We present numerical as well as experimental results of axisymmetric, axially propagating vortices appearing in counter-rotating Taylor–Couette flow below the centrifugal instability threshold of circular Couette flow without additional externally imposed forces. These propagating vortices are periodically generated by the shear flow near the Ekman cells that are induced by the non-rotating end walls. These axisymmetric vortices propagate into the bulk towards mid-height, where they get annihilated by rotating, non-propagating defects. These propagating structures appear via a supercritical Hopf bifurcation from axisymmetric, steady vortices, which have been discovered recently in centrifugally stable counter-rotating Taylor–Couette flow (Abshagen et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, 021702). In the nonlinear regime of the Hopf bifurcation, contributions of non-axisymmetric modes also appear.
Caregiver personality predicts rate of cognitive decline in a community sample of persons with Alzheimer's disease. The Cache County Dementia Progression Study
- Maria C. Norton, Christine Clark, Elizabeth B. Fauth, Kathleen W. Piercy, Roxane Pfister, Robert C. Green, Christopher D. Corcoran, Peter V. Rabins, Constantine G. Lyketsos, JoAnn T. Tschanz
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 25 / Issue 10 / October 2013
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- 05 July 2013, pp. 1629-1637
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Background:
Environmental influences on the rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression have received little attention. Our objective was to test hypotheses concerning associations between caregiver personality traits and the rate of AD progression.
Methods:Care receivers (CR) were 161 persons with AD from a population-based dementia progression study; 55 of their caregivers were spouses and 106 were adult children. Cognitive status of the CR was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination every six months, over an average of 5.6 (range: 1–14) years. Linear mixed models tested rate of cognitive decline as a function of caregiver personality traits from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory.
Results:Significantly faster cognitive decline was observed with higher caregiver Neuroticism overall; however, in stratified models, effects were significant for adult child but not spouse caregivers. Neuroticism facets of depression, anxiety, and vulnerability to stress were significantly associated with faster decline. Higher caregiver Extraversion was associated with slower decline in the CR when caregivers were adult children but not spouses.
Conclusions:For adult child caregivers, caregiver personality traits are associated with rate of cognitive decline in CRs with AD regardless of co-residency. Results suggest that dementia caregiver interventions promoting positive care management strategies and ways to react to caregiving challenges may eventually become an important complement to pharmacologic and other approaches aimed at slower rate of decline in dementia.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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A point is normal for almost all maps βx+α mod 1 or generalized β-transformations
- B. FALLER, C.-E. PFISTER
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- Journal:
- Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems / Volume 29 / Issue 5 / October 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 February 2009, pp. 1529-1547
- Print publication:
- October 2009
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We consider the map Tα,β(x):=βx+α mod 1, which admits a unique probability measure μα,β of maximal entropy. For x∈[0,1], we show that the orbit of x is μα,β-normal for almost all (α,β)∈[0,1)×(1,∞) (with respect to Lebesgue measure). Nevertheless, we construct analytic curves in [0,1)×(1,∞) along which the orbit of x=0 is μα,β-normal at no more than one point. These curves are disjoint and fill the set [0,1)×(1,∞). We also study the generalized β-transformations (in particular, the tent map). We show that the critical orbit x=1 is normal with respect to the measure of maximal entropy for almost all β.
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- E. Pécontal, T. Buchert, Ph. Di Stefano, Y. Copin, G. Angloher, M. Bauer, I. Bavykina, A. Bento, A. Brown, C. Bucci, C. Ciemniak, C. Coppi, G. Deuter, F. von Feilitzsch, D. Hauff, S. Henry, P. Huff, J. Imber, S. Ingleby, C. Isaila, J. Jochum, M. Kiefer, M. Kimmerle, H. Kraus, J.-C. Lanfranchi, R.F. Lang, B. Majorovits, M. Malek, R. McGowan, V.B. Mikhailik, E. Pantic, F. Petricca, S. Pfister, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, W. Rau, S. Roth, K. Rottler, C. Sailer, K. Schäffner, J. Schmaler, S. Scholl, W. Seidel, L. Stodolsky, A.J.B. Tolhurst, I. Usherov, W. Westphal
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 36 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2009, pp. 231-236
- Print publication:
- 2009
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The CRESST-II direct Dark Matter search is located in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, Italy. CaWO4 crystals are used as scintillating targets for WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) interactions. They are operated as cryogenic calorimeters in combination with a second cryogenic detector used to measure the scintillation light produced in the target crystal. For each particle interaction, the combination of phonon and light signals provides an event by event discrimination which allows to distinguish known particles (alphas, betas, gammas, neutrons) from the expected signal of WIMPs. A major upgrade of the setup comprises modifications of the shielding, installation of a muon-veto, and new read out electronics, as well as a new detector-support structure to accommodate up to 33 detector modules, i.e. 10 kg of target mass. The experiment was thereafter successfully commissioned in 2007. Data obtained during this commissioning phase from 2 detector modules are presented here. Combining the data collected with these two detector modules with data from one single module obtained during the CRESST-I phase, the experiment could already place a limit of ~6 × 10-7 pb for the spin independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section at a WIMP mass of ~60 GeV/c2.
Optimization of the Czochralski Growth Process for Calcium Tungstate Detector Crystals
- E. Pécontal, T. Buchert, Ph. Di Stefano, Y. Copin, Ch. Ciemniak, C. Coppi, A. Erb, F. von Feilitzsch, A. Gütlein, Ch. Isaila, J.-C. Lanfranchi, S. Pfister, W. Potzel, S. Roth, W. Westphal
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 36 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2009, pp. 269-270
- Print publication:
- 2009
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CRESST is an experiment for the direct detection of dark matter (WIMPs) via nuclear recoil measurement. The expected very low event rates and the low energy transfer in the keV range demand low background rates and extremely sensitive detectors. Thus the need for detector crystals with good optical and phonon properties combined with high radioactive purity arises. To achieve these goals, the control over the raw materials and their processing, in particular the crystal growth, is important. A new Czochralski furnace has been installed at the crystal laboratory of the Physik-Department in Garching to meet the delicate conditions required to grow CaWO4 crystals of sufficient size.
Characterization of the CRESST detectors by neutron induced nuclear recoils
- E. Pécontal, T. Buchert, Ph. Di Stefano, Y. Copin, C. Coppi, C. Ciemniak, F. von Feilitzsch, A. Gütlein, H. Hagn, C. Isaila, J. Jochum, M. Kimmerle, J.-C. Lanfranchi, S. Pfister, W. Potzel, W. Rau, S. Roth, K. Rottler, C. Sailer, S. Scholl, I. Usherov, W. Westphal
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 36 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2009, pp. 315-317
- Print publication:
- 2009
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CRESST is an experiment for the direct detection of dark matter particles via nuclear recoils. The CRESST detectors, based on CaWO4 scintillating crystals, are able to discriminate γ and β background by simultaneously measuring the light and phonon signals produced by particle interactions. The discrimination of the background is possible because of the different light output (Quenching Factor, QF) for nuclear and electron recoils. In this article a measurement is shown, aimed at the determination of the QFs of the different nuclei (O, Ca, W) of the detector crystal at 40–60 mK using an 11 MeV neutron beam produced at the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium in Garching (MLL).
Cryogenic Composite Detectors for the Dark Matter Experiments CRESST and EURECA: A Thermal Detector Model
- E. Pécontal, T. Buchert, Ph. Di Stefano, Y. Copin, S. Roth, C. Ciemniak, C. Coppi, F.V. Feilitzsch, A. Gütlein, C. Isaila, J.-C. Lanfranchi, S. Pfister, W. Potzel, W. Westphal
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 36 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2009, pp. 311-313
- Print publication:
- 2009
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To detect WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle)-nucleon scattering events and thus validate the dark matter hypothesis, the CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) and the future EURECA (European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array) experiments use modularized cryogenic detectors operated at mK temperatures. We present an attempt to realize so-called composite detectors for this purpose. A detailed thermal detector model to investigate the composite detector design concerning signal evolution and detector performance is described.
EURECA – The Future of Cryogenic Dark Matter Detection in Europe
- E. Pécontal, T. Buchert, Ph. Di Stefano, Y. Copin, H. Kraus, E. Armengaud, M. Bauer, I. Bavykina, A. Benoit, A. Bento, J. Blümer, L. Bornschein, A. Broniatowski, G. Burghart, P. Camus, A. Chantelauze, M. Chapellier, G. Chardin, C. Ciemniak, C. Coppi, N. Coron, O. Crauste, F.A. Danevich, M. De Jésus, P. de Marcillac, E. Daw, X. Defay, G. Deuter, J. Domange, P. Di Stefano, G. Drexlin, L. Dumoulin, K. Eitel, F. von Feilitzsch, D. Filosofov, P. Gandit, E. Garcia, J. Gascon, G. Gerbier, J. Gironnet, H. Godfrin, S. Grohmann, M. Gros, M. Hannewald, D. Hauff, F. Haug, S. Henry, P. Huff, J. Imber, S. Ingleby, C. Isaila, J. Jochum, A. Juillard, M. Kiefer, M. Kimmerle, H. Kluck, V.V. Kobychev, V. Kozlov, V.M. Kudovbenko, V.A. Kudryavtsev, T. Lachenmaier, J.-C. Lanfranchi, R.F. Lang, P. Loaiza, A. Lubashevsky, M. Malek, S. Marnieros, R. McGowan, V. Mikhailik, A. Monfardini, X.-F. Navick, T. Niinikoski, A.S. Nikolaiko, L. Oberauer, E. Olivieri, Y. Ortigoza, E. Pantic, P. Pari, B. Paul, G. Perinic, F. Petricca, S. Pfister, C. Pobes, D.V. Poda, R.B. Podviyanuk, O.G. Polischuk, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, J. Puimedon, M. Robinson, S. Roth, K. Rottler, S. Rozov, C. Sailer, A. Salinas, V. Sanglard, M.L. Sarsa, K. Schäffner, S. Scholl, S. Scorza, A. Smolnikov, W. Seidel, S. Semikh, M. Stern, L. Stodolsky, M. Teshima, V. Tomasello, A. Torrento, L. Torres, V.I. Tretyak, J.A. Villar, M.A. Verdier, I. Usherov, J. Wolf, E. Yakushev
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 36 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2009, pp. 249-255
- Print publication:
- 2009
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EURECA (European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array) is an astro-particle physics facility aiming to directly detect galactic dark matter. The Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane has been selected as host laboratory. The EURECA collaboration unites CRESST, EDELWEISS and the Spanish-French experiment ROSEBUD, thus concentrating and focussing effort on cryogenic detector research in Europe into a single facility. EURECA will use a target mass of up to one ton, enough to explore WIMP – nucleon scalar scattering cross sections in the region of 10-9 – 10-10 picobarn. A major advantage of EURECA is the planned use of more than just one target material (multi target experiment for WIMP identification).
On the topological entropy of saturated sets
- C.-E. PFISTER, W. G. SULLIVAN
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- Journal:
- Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems / Volume 27 / Issue 3 / June 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 February 2007, pp. 929-956
- Print publication:
- June 2007
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Let $(X,d,T)$ be a dynamical system, where $(X,d)$ is a compact metric space and $T:X\rightarrow X$ a continuous map. We introduce two conditions for the set of orbits, called respectively the $\texttt{g}$-almost product property and the uniform separation property. The $\texttt{g}$-almost product property holds for dynamical systems with the specification property, but also for many others. For example, all $\beta$-shifts have the $\texttt{g}$-almost product property. The uniform separation property is true for expansive and more generally asymptotically $h$-expansive maps. Under these two conditions we compute the topological entropy of saturated sets. If the uniform separation condition does not hold, then we can compute the topological entropy of the set of generic points, and show that for any invariant probability measure $\mu$, the (metric) entropy of $\mu$ is equal to the topological entropy of generic points of $\mu$. We give an application of these results to multi-fractal analysis and compare our results with those of Takens and Verbitskiy (Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.23 (2003), 317–348).
Model-based control of neuromuscular block using mivacurium: design and clinical verification
- P. M. Schumacher, K. S. Stadler, R. Wirz, D. Leibundgut, C. A. Pfister, A. M. Zbinden
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- Journal:
- European Journal of Anaesthesiology / Volume 23 / Issue 8 / August 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 April 2006, pp. 691-699
- Print publication:
- August 2006
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Summary
Background: Short-acting agents for neuromuscular block (NMB) require frequent dosing adjustments for individual patient's needs. In this study, we verified a new closed-loop controller for mivacurium dosing in clinical trials. Methods: Fifteen patients were studied. T1% measured with electromyography was used as input signal for the model-based controller. After induction of propofol/opiate anaesthesia, stabilization of baseline electromyography signal was awaited and a bolus of 0.3 mg kg−1 mivacurium was then administered to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Closed-loop infusion was started thereafter, targeting a neuromuscular block of 90%. Setpoint deviation, the number of manual interventions and surgeon's complaints were recorded. Drug use and its variability between and within patients were evaluated. Results: Median time of closed-loop control for the 11 patients included in the data processing was 135 [89–336] min (median [range]). Four patients had to be excluded because of sensor problems. Mean absolute deviation from setpoint was 1.8 ± 0.9 T1%. Neither manual interventions nor complaints from the surgeons were recorded. Mean necessary mivacurium infusion rate was 7.0 ± 2.2 μg kg−1 min−1. Intrapatient variability of mean infusion rates over 30-min interval showed high differences up to a factor of 1.8 between highest and lowest requirement in the same patient. Conclusions: Neuromuscular block can precisely be controlled with mivacurium using our model-based controller. The amount of mivacurium needed to maintain T1% at defined constant levels differed largely between and within patients. Closed-loop control seems therefore advantageous to automatically maintain neuromuscular block at constant levels.
2′,5′-Oligoadenylate synthetase activity analysis and human papilloma virus typing as prognostic factors in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
- V. Gerein, E. Rastorguev, J. Gerein, E. Lodemann, H. Pfister, W. Draf, C. Desloovere
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 118 / Issue 10 / October 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 March 2006, pp. 750-756
- Print publication:
- October 2004
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Objective: Determination of early prognostic factors in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is extremely important, so the major goal of our prospective, multicentre study was to evaluate (1) the feasibility of various factors to determine prognosis of the clinical course,as well as (2) the response to interferon-alpha therapy in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
Methods: Forty-two patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis were treated with interferon-alpha (3 MU/m2 three times per week; mean therapy duration was 2.7 ± 1.8 years)in 1983–1994 and followed-up until 2003. Human papilloma virus (HPV) type, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis severity and 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity were determined by standard methods and analysed for correlation with the results of long-term clinical outcome.
Results and conclusion: Patients with HPV type 11, a severity score >4, a high number of surgical procedures prior to interferon-alpha therapy and a high basal 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity should be considered at high risk of an aggressive clinical course, often with spread to lower airway passages, malignant transformation and death. Human papilloma virus type, score for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis severity, number of surgical procedures and 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity showed significant association with response to interferon-alpha therapy and the long-term clinical course, so these factors have value in predicting prognosis in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
Prevalence, co-morbidity and correlates of mental disorders in the general population: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS)
- F. JACOBI, H.-U. WITTCHEN, C. HÖLTING, M. HÖFLER, H. PFISTER, N. MÜLLER, R. LIEB
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 34 / Issue 4 / May 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 April 2004, pp. 597-611
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Background. The German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS) is the first government mandated nationwide study to investigate jointly the prevalence of somatic and mental disorders within one study in the general adult population in Germany. This paper reports results from its Mental Health Supplement (GHS-MHS) on 4-week 12-month, and selected lifetime prevalence of a broad range of DSM-IV mental disorders, their co-morbidity and correlates in the community.
Methods. The sample of the GHS-MHS (n=4181; multistage stratified random sample drawn from population registries; conditional response rate: 87·6%) can be regarded as representative for the German population aged 18–65. Diagnoses are based on fully structured computer assisted clinical interviews (M-CIDI), conducted by clinically trained interviewers.
Results. 12-month prevalence for any DSM-IV study disorder is 31% (lifetime: 43%; 4-week: 20%) with anxiety disorders, mood disorders and somatoform syndromes being the most frequent diagnoses. Retrospective age of onset information reveals that most disorders begin early in life. Co-morbidity rates among mental disorders range from 44% to 94%. Correlates of increased rates of mental disorders and co-morbidity were: female gender (except for substance disorders), not being married, low social class, and poor somatic health status. Health care utilization for mental disorders depended on co-morbidity (30% in ‘pure’, 76% in highly co-morbid cases) and varied from 33% for substance use disorders to 75% for panic disorder.
Conclusions. Results confirm and extend results from other national studies using the same assessment instruments with regard to prevalence, co-morbidity and sociodemographic correlates, covering a broader range of DSM-IV disorders [i.e. somatoform disorders, all anxiety disorders (except PTSD), mental disorders due to substance or general medical factor, eating disorders]. Intervention rates were higher than in previous studies, yet still low overall.
Primary anxiety disorders and the development of subsequent alcohol use disorders: a 4-year community study of adolescents and young adults
- P. ZIMMERMANN, H.-U. WITTCHEN, M. HÖFLER, H. PFISTER, R. C. KESSLER, R. LIEB
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 33 / Issue 7 / November 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 September 2003, pp. 1211-1222
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Background. Cross-sectional findings in community surveys of adults suggest that adolescent anxiety disorders are strong predictors of the subsequent onset of alcohol use, abuse and dependence. However, prospective data that follow a sample of adolescents into adulthood are needed to confirm these associations.
Method. Baseline and 4-year follow-up data from the EDSP-Study, a prospective community survey of 3021 (2548 at follow-up) adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 24 years at baseline carried out in Munich, were used. DSM-IV anxiety disorders, alcohol use and alcohol use disorders were assessed with the Munich-Composite-International-Diagnostic-Interview (M-CIDI). Multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, other mental disorders, substance use disorders and antisocial behaviour was used to study the associations of baseline anxiety disorders with the subsequent onset and course of alcohol use and alcohol disorders.
Results. Baseline social phobia significantly predicts the onsets of regular use and hazardous use and the persistence of dependence. Panic attacks significantly predict the onsets of hazardous use and abuse as well as the persistence of combined abuse/dependence. Panic disorder significantly predicts the persistence of combined abuse/dependence. Other anxiety disorders do not significantly predict any of the outcomes.
Conclusions. Panic and social phobia are predictors of subsequent alcohol problems among adolescents and young adults. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and the potential value of targeted early treatment of primary panic and social phobia to prevent secondary alcohol use disorders.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase common mutations, folate status and plasma homocysteine in healthy French adults of the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort
- A. Chango, G. Potier de Courcy, F. Boisson, J. C. Guilland, F. Barbé, M. O. Perrin, J. P. Christidès, K. Rabhi, M. Pfister, P. Galan, S. Hercberg, J. P. Nicolas
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 84 / Issue 6 / December 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2007, pp. 891-896
- Print publication:
- December 2000
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The 677cytosine (c)→thymine(T) mutation identified in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been frequently associated with an elevated plasma homocysteine concentration. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of this MTHFR common mutation on plasma and erythrocyte folate (RCF) and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in healthy French adults. A cohort of 291 subjects living in the Paris area and participating in the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) study were analysed to assess the impact of MTHFR polymorphism 677C→T on folate status and plasma tHcy concentration. The frequency of the mutant homozygote for 677C→T polymorphism (677TT genotype) in the present cohort was 16·8%. There were significant differences in plasma tHcy between 677CC, 677CT and 677TT genotype groups. The RCF concentrations were significantly different between each genotype, the lowest levels being associated with the 677TT genotype. When segregated by gender, no differences in tHcy between homozygous 677TT, heterozygous 677CT and wild-type 677CC genotype groups in women were observed. The fasting tHcy in women was unrelated to the 677C→T mutation. However, tHcy was significantly increased in men with the homozygous 677TT genotype. We also analysed the possible implication of a second new MTHFR polymorphism (1298A→C) in subjects with mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (4th quartile of homocysteinaemia; tHcy >11·1 μmol/l). The polymorphism 1298A→C did not have a notable effect on tHcy or on the RCF levels. Our observations confirm a relatively high frequency of the 677TT genotype in the French population. Women with this genotype did not show the same increase in tHcy observed in men. In the present study dietary folate intake was not measured. Thus, the interaction of dietary folate with the MTHFR genotype in the French population needs further study.
Relationship between the structural organization and the physical properties of PECVD nitrogenated carbons
- M. Ricci, M. Trinquecoste, F. Auguste, R. Canet, P. Delhaes, C. Guimon, G. Pfister-Guillouzo, B. Nysten, J.P. Issi
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 8 / Issue 3 / March 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 480-488
- Print publication:
- March 1993
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By a Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition process (PECVD), we are able to prepare nitrogenated amorphous carbon materials around room temperature from methane and nitrogen gas as precursors. We have also used chlorine gas as an additive to reduce the hydrogen content of our samples. Starting from the “as-deposited” materials, we have investigated their thermal stability by successive heat treatments up to 1400 °C. These compounds suffer a weight loss mostly due to the hydrogen departure. They become nonfusible and it turns out that nitrogen, chemically bound to sp2 hybridized carbons, induces some changes in the physical properties. In order to understand the relationship between the local structural organization and the physical characteristics, we have investigated different spectroscopic techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, IR Absorption, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We have also investigated several transport properties: (i) The dc electrical conductivity shows a kind of metal/insulator transition around 700 °C. The temperature dependence for the conductive samples gives evidence for a pseudogap associated with the presence of localized states, (ii) The thermal conductivity exhibits, for the as-deposited compound, a very low value varying slowly with temperature; its magnitude as well as its temperature dependence, characteristic of noncrystalline materials, are modified by the annealing process. Finally, an electronic band model is proposed, explaining the structural evolution through a kind of Mott–Anderson pseudotransition.