We present the first experimental observations of the dust acoustic wave where the wave was observed to propagate in the directions of gravity and magnetic field when these directions were not aligned. The experiments were conducted in the Magnetized Dusty Plasma eXperiment facility using a novel electrode system that allows for the angle between gravity and the magnetic field to be varied in a controlled way. This letter reports on measurements in an rf glow discharge argon plasma environment where the angle between direction of gravity and the magnetic field is 45$^{\circ }$. When there was no applied magnetic field, the wave was observed to propagate in the direction of gravity. However, as the magnetic field increased and the ions transitioned from flowing in the direction of gravity to the direction of the magnetic field, a second wave emerged and two distinct waves were observed to simultaneously propagate, one in the direction of gravity and one in the direction of the magnetic field. As the magnetic field was further increased, the wave that propagated in the direction of gravity was suppressed and the wave was only observed to propagate in the direction of the applied magnetic field. We also observe that the speed and the kinetic temperature of the dust for the mode that propagated in the direction of gravity decreased with increasing magnetic field while the speed and the kinetic temperature of the dust for the mode that propagated in the direction of the magnetic field increased with increasing magnetic field. These measurements suggest that an ion-dust streaming instability is at least partially responsible for the high temperatures that have previously been observed in dusty plasmas when the dust acoustic wave is present.

Introduction: Gastroenteritis (GE) is one of the most common causes of emergency room visits, especially in pediatrics. The Canadian Paediatric Society and Choosing Wisely have issued high-grade recommendations to physicians working in the Emergency Department. It suggests, trying oral ondansetron followed by oral rehydration before installing venous rehydration in children with GE with adequate hydration or mild to moderate dehydration. This quality of medical care evaluation aims to determine if these recommendations were being applied for children aged 6 months to 12 years, with adequate hydration status or mild to moderate dehydration, who presented to the Chicoutimi emergency room between November 2016 and November 2018. Methods: Practice conformity was assessed according to two explicit criteria: prescription of oral ondansetron and appropriate mean of rehydration. A data collection tool was created and files were reviewed by investigators after standardization. Several secondary outcomes were assessed, including, among others, duration of symptoms, the number of vomiting and diarrhea. The hydration status was measured according to the capillary refill, feeling of skin to the touch, condition of buccal mucosa, tears, heart rate and mental status. These variables were analyzed to understand their impact on practice conformity. We excluded cases in which there was infections needing antibiotics, hypoglycemia, hemodynamic instability, no vomiting in the last 24 hours, convulsions and history of diabetes. Results: A total of 270 patient files were analyzed, 181 of which were included. Oral ondansetron was tried in 49 % of children. Rehydration was adequate in 55% of cases. The hydration level was written in 18% of files and the hydration status noted by the emergency room physician overestimated the dehydration score in 16% of cases. When hydration status was well assessed, adequate rehydration was observed in 63% of cases, while ondansetron was attempted in only 44% of cases. Conclusion: Use of oral ondansetron and adequate mean of rehydration to treat children aged 6 months to 12 years with GE in Chicoutimi emergency department is suboptimal. The difficulty of adequate dehydration assessment may be one of the causes. Concerted dehydration assessment grid and a group prescription for the administration of ondansetron during the nurse triage may constitute potential solutions.

Brominated flame retardants (BFR) are primarily used as flame retardant additives in insulating materials. These lipophilic compounds can bioaccumulate in animal tissues, leading to human exposure via food ingestion. Although their concentration in food is not yet regulated, several of these products are recognised as persistent organic pollutants; they are thought to act as endocrine disruptors. The present study aimed to characterise the occurrence of two families of BFRs (hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)) in hen eggs and broiler or pig meat in relation to their rearing environments. Epidemiological studies were carried out on 60 hen egg farms (34 without an open-air range, 26 free-range), 57 broiler farms (27 without an open-air range, 30 free-range) and 42 pig farms without an open-air range in France from 2013 to 2015. For each farm, composite samples from either 12 eggs, five broiler pectoral muscles or three pig tenderloins were obtained. Eight PBDE congeners and three HBCDD stereoisomers were quantified in product fat using gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, or high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The frequencies of PBDE detection were 28% for eggs (median concentration 0.278 ng/g fat), 72% for broiler muscle (0.392 ng/g fat) and 49% for pig muscle (0.403 ng/g fat). At least one HBCDD stereoisomer was detected in 17% of eggs (0.526 ng/g fat), 46% of broiler muscle (0.799 ng/g fat) and 36% of pig muscle (0.616 ng/g fat). Results were similar in concentration to those obtained in French surveillance surveys from 2012 to 2016. Nevertheless, the contamination of free-range eggs and broilers was found to be more frequent than that of conventional ones, suggesting that access to an open-air range could be an additional source of exposure to BFRs for animals. However, the concentration of BFRs in all products remained generally very low. No direct relationship could be established between the occurrence of BFRs in eggs and meat and the characteristics of farm buildings (age, building materials). The potential presence of BFRs in insulating materials is not likely to constitute a significant source of animal exposure as long as the animals do not have direct access to these materials.

The Belgian Repository of fundamental Atomic data and Stellar Spectra (BRASS) aims to provide one of the largest systematic and homogeneous quality assessment to date of literature atomic data required for stellar spectroscopy. By comparing state-of-the-art synthetic spectrum calculations with extremely high-quality observed benchmark spectra, we have critically evaluated fundamental atomic data, such as line wavelengths and oscillator strengths, for thousands of astrophysically-relevant transitions found in the literature and across several major atomic data repositories. These proceedings provide a short overview of the BRASS project to date, highlighting our recent efforts to investigate and quality-assess the atomic literature data pertaining to over a thousand atomic transitions present in FGK-type stellar spectra. BRASS provides all quality assessed data, theoretical spectra, and observed spectra in a new interactive database under development at brass.sdf.org.

We present ALMA band 7 data of the extreme OH/IR star, OH 26.5+0.6. In addition to lines of CO and its isotopologues, the circumstellar envelope also exhibits a number of emission lines due to metal-containing molecules, e.g., NaCl and KCl. A lack of C18O is expected, but a non-detection of C17O is puzzling given the strengths of H217O in Herschel spectra of the star. However, a line associated with Si17O is detected. We also report a tentative detection of a gas-phase emission line of MgS. The ALMA spectrum of this object reveals intriguing features which may be used to investigate chemical processes and dust formation during a high mass-loss phase.

399 individual microparticles in nine samples from the Dome C ice core were studied under scanning electron microscope and analysed by an energy dispersive X-ray system. The studied particles were either continental quartz or various silico-aluminates of continental or volcanic origin. Observations lead to the conclusion that the increase in micro particle concentration by a factor of 10 to 20 during the last glacial stage is explained by a large input of continental dust, as already indicated by trace element analysis (Petit and others 1981) and previously suggested by chemical analysis of other polar ice cores (Cragin and others 1977).This increase is considered to be a consequence of the ice-age climate and earth surface conditions which were characterized by the increase of arid regions and more vigorous atmospheric circulation. Both these conclusions are further supported by the existence of a higher quartz content in the Antarctic ice core as was already found in tropical deep-sea core studies.

The study of glaciers and ice caps in remote and cloudy regions remains difficult using current remote sensing tools. Here the potential of stereo radargrammetry (SRG) with RADARSAT-2 Wide Ultra-Fine images is explored for DEM extraction, elevation changes and mass-balance calculations on Barnes Ice Cap (Nunavut, Canada). Over low-relief terrain surrounding Barnes, a vertical precision of ~7 m (1σ confidence level) is measured, as well as an average vertical bias of ~4 m. Moreover, we show that the C-band penetration depth over the ice cap is insignificant at this time of the year (i.e. late ablation season). This is likely due to a wet surface and the presence of superimposed ice that leads to a surface radar response. Comparing the SRG DEMs with other datasets, an historical glacier-wide mass balance of −0.52 ± 0.19 m w.e. a−1 is estimated for 1960–2013, whereas it decreases to −1.06 ± 0.84 m w.e. a−1 between 2005 and 2013. This clear acceleration of mass loss is in agreement with other recent studies. Given its all-weather functionality and its possible use without ground control points, the RADARSAT-2 SRG technology represents an appropriate alternative for glacier monitoring in cloudy and remote regions.

Leaf mass per area (MA) is a central ecological trait that is intercorrelated with leaf life span, photosynthetic rate, nutrient concentration, and palatability to herbivores. These coordinated variables form a globally convergent leaf economics spectrum, which represents a general continuum running from rapid resource acquisition to maximized resource retention. Leaf economics are little studied in ancient ecosystems because they cannot be directly measured from leaf fossils. Here we use a large extant data set (65 sites; 667 species-site pairs) to develop a new, easily measured scaling relationship between petiole width and leaf mass, normalized for leaf area; this enables MA estimation for fossil leaves from petiole width and leaf area, two variables that are commonly measurable in leaf compression floras. The calibration data are restricted to woody angiosperms exclusive of monocots, but a preliminary data set (25 species) suggests that broad-leaved gymnosperms exhibit a similar scaling. Application to two well-studied, classic Eocene floras demonstrates that MA can be quantified in fossil assemblages. First, our results are consistent with predictions from paleobotanical and paleoclimatic studies of these floras. We found exclusively low-MA species from Republic (Washington, U.S.A., 49 Ma), a humid, warm-temperate flora with a strong deciduous component among the angiosperms, and a wide MA range in a seasonally dry, warm-temperate flora from the Green River Formation at Bonanza (Utah, U.S.A., 47 Ma), presumed to comprise a mix of short and long leaf life spans. Second, reconstructed MA in the fossil species is negatively correlated with levels of insect herbivory, whether measured as the proportion of leaves with insect damage, the proportion of leaf area removed by herbivores, or the diversity of insect-damage morphotypes. These correlations are consistent with herbivory observations in extant floras and they reflect fundamental trade-offs in plant-herbivore associations. Our results indicate that several key aspects of plant and plant-animal ecology can now be quantified in the fossil record and demonstrate that herbivory has helped shape the evolution of leaf structure for millions of years.

Aberrant serotonin (5-HT) signalling and exposure to early life stress have both been suggested to play a role in anxiety- and impulsivity-related behaviours. However, whether congenital 5-HT deficiency × early life stress interactions influence the development of anxiety- or impulsivity-like behaviour has not been established. Here, we examined the effects of early life maternal separation (MS) stress on anxiety-like behaviour and behavioural disinhibition, a type of impulsivity-like behaviour, in wild-type (WT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) knock-in (Tph2KI) mice, which exhibit ∼60–80% reductions in the levels of brain 5-HT due to a R439H mutation in Tph2. We also investigated the effects of 5-HT deficiency and early life stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, plasma corticosterone levels and several signal transduction pathways in the amygdala. We demonstrate that MS slightly increases anxiety-like behaviour in WT mice and induces behavioural disinhibition in Tph2KI animals. We also demonstrate that MS leads to a slight decrease in cell proliferation within the hippocampus and potentiates corticosterone responses to acute stress, but these effects are not affected by brain 5-HT deficiency. However, we show that 5-HT deficiency leads to significant alterations in SGK-1 and GSK3β signalling and NMDA receptor expression in the amygdala in response to MS. Together, these findings support a potential role for 5-HT-dependent signalling in the amygdala in regulating the long-term effects of early life stress on anxiety-like behaviour and behavioural disinhibition.

This paper shows that natural materials such as barks can successfully replace syntheticresins for industrial purposes. Evaluated in batch conditions, biosorption of uranium onsuitably prepared Douglas fir barks took place in less than 10 min and appeared to beoptimum at pH>4. The biosorption process of uranium (uranyl formUO\hbox{$_{\mathrm{\mathbf{2}}}^{\mathrm{\mathbf{2+}}}$}$\begin{array}{}{2}\mathrm{+}\\ {2}\end{array}$)was characterized in the optimal physico-chemical conditions and could be mathematicallymodeled as a Langmuir isotherm. With a maximum uranium specific uptakeqmaxvalue of 1.16 meq.g-1 (138mgU.g-1) it was found that the sorption capability of Douglas fir barks wasat least five times higher for uranium than for other heavy metals such as lead.Adsorption of uranium contained in water leached from a former uranium mine was thenmonitored over a one-month period in a laboratory-scale chromatography column. Thefixation capacity remained fairly constant throughout the whole testing period. Waterradioactivity decreased from 1500 mBq.L-1 (0.12 mgU.L-1) to <5 mBq.L-1(0.4 μ gU.L-1) at the columnexit. This technology was successfully transferred and tested through a pilot projectunder industrial conditions with the support of AREVA NC.

We have chosen the name of GYES, one of the mythological giants with one hundred arms,offspring of Gaia and Uranus, for our instrument study of a multifibre spectrograph forthe prime focus of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Such an instrument could provide anexcellent ground-based complement for the Gaia mission and a northern complement to theHERMES project on the AAT. The CFHT is well known for providing a stable prime focusenvironment, with a large field of view, which has hosted several imaging instruments, buthas never hosted a multifibre spectrograph. Building upon the experience gained at GÉPIwith FLAMES-Giraffe and X-Shooter, we are investigating the feasibility of a highmultiplex spectrograph (about 500 fibres) over a field of view one degree in diameter. Weare investigating an instrument with resolution in the range 15 000 to 30 000, whichshould provide accurate chemical abundances for stars down to 16th magnitude and radialvelocities, accurate to 1 km s-1 for fainter stars. The study is led byGÉPI-Observatoire de Paris with a contribution from Oxford for the study of thepositioner. The financing for the study comes from INSU CSAA and Observatoire de Paris.The conceptual study will be delivered to CFHT for review by October 1st 2010.

During the five years of the mission, the Gaia spectrograph, the Radial VelocitySpectrometer (RVS) will repeatedly survey the celestial sphere down to magnitudeV ~ 17–18. This talk presents: (i) the system which is currently developed withinthe Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) to reduce and calibrate thespectra and to derive the radial and rotational velocities, (ii) the RVS expectedperformances and (iii) scientific returns.

The calibration of the Radial Velocity Zero-Point (RVZP) of the Radial VelocitySpectrometer (RVS) will be performed with the help of Radial Velocity (RV) standard starsand asteroids. A full-sky list of RV standard stars candidates has been built for thispurpose within the Development Unit (DU) 640 of the Gaia DPAC Consortium. A ground-basedcampaign of RV observations has been initiated to eliminate unsuitable candidates.Simulations have also been performed in order to estimate in advance the number of RVstandard stars and asteroids crossing the RVS field of view. These standard stars andasteroids will also be very helpful for controlling any harmful effect (especially the CCDradiation damage) on calibration and RVZP during the lifetime of the Gaia project.Kinematic RV are expected to be published at the end of the project for the brighteststars, taking into account gravitational redshift and convective shifts for the linespresent in the RVS spectral wavelength range.

We present results of a project aimed at establishing a set of 12 spectro-photometric standards over a wide wavelength range from 320 to 2500 nm. Currently no such set of standard stars covering the near-IR is available. Our strategy is to extend the useful range of existing well-established optical flux standards (Oke 1990, Hamuy et al. 1992, 1994) into the near-IR by means of integral field spectroscopy with SINFONI at the VLT combined with state-of-the-art white dwarf stellar atmospheric models (TMAP, Holberg et al. 2008). As a solid reference, we use two primary HST standard white dwarfs GD71 and GD153 and one HST secondary standard BD+17 4708. The data were collected through an ESO “Observatory Programme” over ~40 nights between February 2007 and September 2008.

Humans undergoing intense exercise exhibit transient microalbuminuria. Previous studies have shown that swimming, but not running, induces microalbuminuria in dogs. In this study, urine samples were collected from nineteen well-conditioned Alaskan sled dogs and analysed by the Heska ERD-Screen Test for microalbuminuria. None of the dogs has microalbuminuria, indicated that well-trained dogs do not develop microalbuminuria after running. Further studies are needed to determine if these dogs do develop microalbuminuria after competition or longer-distane runs.

We discuss the v sin i distributions of main sequence B stars in galactic clusters in relation to stellar luminosity and to cluster metallicity. We show that evolutionary effects and/or dependence of initial v sin i distribution on stellar mass are important, so that a much larger sample and a wider metallicity range are required to detect any possible metallicity effect beyond doubt.

We present new observations of projected rotational velocities of main sequence B stars in the galactic clusters NGC 2439, NGC 3293, NGC 3766, NGC 4755, NGC 7160 and h & χ Persei. 257 stars have been observed with three instruments, 207 of which are presented here. Projected rotational velocities have been determined by least-squares fit to synthetic spectra. Our v sin i scale is compared with that of Slettebak et al. (1975).