A museum should be a place where cultures, dialogue, and social relations are enhanced. Given the renewed public interest in the topic, the author poses the question: Is there a need and a possibility to decolonize ethnographic museums? Should we have common and shared practices? In an attempt to eliminate colonial vestiges in museums, an analysis of literature and practices leads the author to analyze five European ethnographic museums in order to understand their merits and shortcomings. The subjectivity of these institutions and the diversity with which colonization can be presented makes the proposal of a single generalized solution not preferable. An objective analysis, based on actions and variables, drives the author to determine, however, that in order to revitalize museum practices, there is a need to create a sharable framework. The design of minimum standards can help museums set clear and measurable goals to achieve a higher level of decolonization.

Background: The use of Tenecteplase (TNK) in Extended Time Window (ETW) for Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) remains an ongoing debate. Methods: Systematic review of 3 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)- TIMELESS, TRACE 3, CHABLIS-T II was conducted. Results: 1198 patients were enrolled: 603 received TNK, while 595 were controls. All 3 trials included patients with Internal Carotid and/ or Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusions; however, in TRACE 3, patients did not have access to endovascular thrombectomy. TIMELESS and CHABLIS-T II showed better recanalization in the TNK group but the median Modified Rankin Score was 3 at 90 days in both groups, demonstrating no benefit in clinical outcomes. Symptomatic Intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was similar in the two groups. In TRACE 3, there was an improvement in functional outcomes at 90 days in the TNK group (33.0% vs. 24.2%), but the incidence of sICH was also higher (3.0% and 0.8%, respectively). Conclusions: Better recanalization rates are seen with TNK in ETW, but may not be associated with improved functional outcomes at 90 days compared to medical management. Incidence of sICH also remains largely favorable, except in TRACE 3, which showed a higher incidence in the TNK group. There remains a need for more RCTs in this population.

Students’ interfering behaviour is a common concern among educators working in special and general education classrooms. Interfering behaviour can significantly compromise students’ educational experiences and educators’ ability to create a conducive learning environment. Evidence-based assessments and interventions for interfering behaviour in the classroom involve identifying the variables in the student’s immediate environment influencing these behaviours. There has been little to no dissemination of evidence-based assessments for classroom management in developing nations such as South Africa and Vietnam. In the current study, we used a single-case design to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of behavioural skills training (BST) in teaching educators from South Africa and Vietnam how to assess students’ interfering behaviour in the classroom. The training was divided into four phases, with the different steps involved in teaching participants how to assess interfering behaviour. All participants successfully acquired the trained skills and demonstrated a shift in their explanation of the causes of interfering behaviour.

Objectives/Goals: This pilot study aims to assess the implementation of the DataDay app in memory clinics for patients with MCI or dementia, focusing on usability, user satisfaction, and impact on health outcomes. We seek to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation and evaluate its effect on reducing unnecessary hospital stays. Methods/Study Population: This mixed-methods study will involve 50 participants, 25 diads of patients with MCI or mild-to-moderate dementia and their caregivers from the community. Participants will use DataDay for 12 weeks, receiving reminders to log daily activities such as nutrition, mood, cognition, and physical activity. Baseline demographic data will be collected from self-reported surveys. Participants will receive training on app use, with follow-up interviews at 4, 8, and 12 weeks to gather feedback. Quantitative data analysis will include repeated measures analysis of variance to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes, such as medication use and ER visits. Thematic analysis will be conducted on interview transcripts to understand user experiences. Results/Anticipated Results: We anticipate the study will demonstrate the feasibility of the DataDay app for self-management in individuals with MCI or dementia. Expected outcomes include improved medication adherence, reduced emergency room visits, and increased user engagement with daily health monitoring. Qualitative feedback is expected to highlight user satisfaction with the app’s reminders and ease of integration into daily routine. We also expect potential challenges to be identified such as initial learning difficulties and technology-related frustration. The data will help refine the app for better usability and inform strategies for widespread implementation in memory assessment clinics. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The study will provide insights into the practicality of implementing DataDay in memory clinics. The results will highlight necessary adjustments and provide key factors for successful adoption in other clinics. DataDay aims to allow individuals with MCI or dementia to manage their condition at home and enhance their quality of life.

The definition of tool use has long been debated, especially when applied beyond humans. Recent work argues that the phenomena included within tool use are so broad and varied that there is little hope of using the category for scientific generalizations, explanations, and predictions about the evolution, ecology, and psychology of tool users. One response to this argument has been the development of tooling as a replacement for tool use. In this article, we analyze the tool use and tooling frameworks. Identifying advantages and limitations in each, we offer a synthetic approach that suggests promising avenues for future research.

Objectives/Goals: Lack of comparative data limits research operations quality improvement (QI). The Northwest Participant and Clinical Interactions (NW PCI) Network, a group of 17 unaffiliated university and health system-based research centers, built an operations dashboard to track efficiency and enable multisite QI projects. Methods/Study Population: A Data Governance Working Group was assembled to establish shared data governance, draft nondisclosure (NDA), and data transfer and use agreements (DTUA) suitable across organizations and standardize research operations metric definitions. Sites in the NW PCI Network were recruited to participate in a pilot program to assess data sharing and governance infrastructure, data collection, upload procedures, and data visualization tools. The NW PCI Coordinating Center developed an analytical data dashboard of research operations metrics and conducted semi-structured interviews with participating sites to understand barriers and facilitators of program success. Results/Anticipated Results: Four sites (2 health systems, 2 universities) were recruited for the pilot and reviewed and executed NDAs and DTUAs. Three of the sites have submitted data for a total of 1,405 studies. Of the 24 requested data operations metrics (e.g., study startup, recruitment, implementation, and basic study information), 71% of the metrics were submitted by all three sites (n = 17), 25% were submitted by at least one site (n = 6), and 4% were not submitted by any site (n = 1). Interviews with sites after data submission found areas for improvements (clarification of data definitions, efficiency of data upload process) and positive effects for sites (e.g., process improved insight into own data operations). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Unaffiliated research centers created data governance procedures to enable sharing of operations data. Pilot sites successfully loaded most but not all operations data to the dashboard. Interviews identified process limitations and opportunities for improvement to inform expansion to all NW PCI sites.

Building on the success of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL), new tax proposals have been considered in the public health policy debate in the UK. To inform such debate, estimates of the potential impacts of alternative tax scenarios are of critical importance. Using a modelling approach, we studied the effects of two tax scenarios: (1) a hypothetical excise tax designed to tax food products included in the Sugar Reduction Programme (SRP), accounting for pack size to reduce the convenience of purchasing larger quantities at once; (2) an ad valorem tax targeting products based on the UK Nutrient Profile Model (NPM). Simulations of scenario 1 show a reduction in sugar purchased of up to 38 %, with the largest decreases observed for sweet confectionery with a tiered tax, similar in structure to the SDIL. Expected food reformulation in scenario 1 led to further decreases in sugar purchased for all categories. In scenario 2, under the assumption that the tax would not affect purchases of healthier products, a 20 % tax on less healthy products would reduce total sugar purchased by 4·3 % to 14·7 % and total energy by 4·7 % to 14·8 %. Despite some limitations and assumptions, our results suggest that new fiscal policy options hold a significant potential for improving diet quality beyond what has been achieved by the SDIL and SRP. An estimated increase in consumer expenditures in both scenarios suggests that attention needs to be paid to potentially regressive effects in the design of any new food taxes.

While reformulation policies are commonly used to incentivise manufacturers to improve the nutrient profile of the foods and beverages they produce, only a few countries have implemented mandatory reformulation policies. This paper aimed to review evidence on the design, implementation challenges and effectiveness of mandatory reformulation policies and compare them to voluntary reformulation policies. The systematic search retrieved seventy-one studies including twelve on mandatory reformulation policies. Most mandatory reformulation policies were aimed at reducing trans-fatty acids or sodium in foods. Overall, mandatory reformulation policies were found to be more effective than voluntary ones in improving dietary intakes. Mandatory policies were implemented when voluntary policies either failed or were found to be insufficient to improve the composition of foods. Typical features of mandatory policies could also improve the design of voluntary policies. Examples include strict but attainable targets and a tight monitoring of compliance.