This paper provides an overview of the current status of ultrafast and ultra-intense lasers with peak powers exceeding 100 TW and examines the research activities in high-energy-density physics within China. Currently, 10 high-intensity lasers with powers over 100 TW are operational, and about 10 additional lasers are being constructed at various institutes and universities. These facilities operate either independently or are combined with one another, thereby offering substantial support for both Chinese and international research and development efforts in high-energy-density physics.

Tea can improve the progression of some metabolic diseases through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still controversial. The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between tea and NAFLD by Mendelian randomisation (MR) and complete clinical validation using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. MR used data from Genome Wide Association Study, with inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as principal analytical methods. The reliability of the results was verified by a series of sensitivity and heterogeneity tests. Subsequently, clinical validation was conducted using NHANES (2005–2018), involving 22 257 participants, grouped by the type of tea. Green tea drinkers were categorised into four groups (Q1–Q4) by quartiles of green tea intake, from lowest to highest (similar for black tea drinkers and other tea drinkers). Models were constructed by logistic regression to estimate the role of tea consumption (Q1–4) on NAFLD. Finally, using fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) to evaluate the severity of hepatic fibrosis, the effect of tea consumption (Q1–4) on the degree of hepatic fibrosis was investigated by linear regression. IVW method (OR = 0·43, 95 % CI: 0·21, 0·85, P = 0·01) and weighted median method (OR = 0·35, 95 % CI: 0·14, 0·91, P = 0·03) revealed there was a causal relationship between tea and NAFLD. An array of sensitivity analyses validated the reliability of results. Analysis of NHANES indicated tea drinker present a slightly lower prevalence of NAFLD than non-tea drinker (green tea drinkers: 47·6 %, black tea drinkers: 46·3 %, other tea drinker: 43·2 %, non-tea drinkers: 48·1 %, P < 0·05). After adjusting for confounders, compared with the lowest black tea consumption (Q1), the population with the highest black tea consumption (Q4) was independently related to lower presence of NAFLD (Q4: OR = 0·69, 95 % CI: 0·50, 0·93, P < 0·05), such association remained stable in the overweight subgroup. As further analysed, Q4 also displayed a significant negative correlation with the level of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD (β = –0·073, 95 % CI: –0·126, −0·020, P < 0·01).Tea reduces the morbidity of NAFLD and ameliorates hepatic fibrosis degree in those already suffering from the disease.

This paper explores the use of inkjet-printing technology for transparent transmitarrays, presenting a viable alternative to traditional copper microwire counterparts. The study focuses on achieving high-gain performance crucial for wireless communication systems, with a particular emphasis on the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave communication. Transparent transmitarrays leverage transparent conducting films and conductive mesh structures, overcoming opacity limitations and seamlessly integrating with urban architecture. In this paper, the inkjet-printing process is detailed for fabricating transmitarray apertures, highlighting the flexibility and precision in depositing nanosilver particles onto a glass substrate. The design intricacies involve optimizing feeding characteristics, determining unit cell structures, and constructing transmitarrays of various sizes. To validate the proposed technique, three different apertures (15 × 15, 20 × 20, and 25 × 25 unit cells) are constructed. The antenna performances are evaluated in terms of reflection coefficients, radiation efficiency, realized gain, and patterns, demonstrating the effectiveness of inkjet-printed transmitarrays. Comparative analysis with copper microwire counterparts is also conducted, validating the inkjet-printing technology for similar gain performance with added advantages of flexibility, compatibility with transparent substrates, and cost-effective manufacturing.

In this paper, we study the asymptotic profiles of positive solutions for diffusive logistic equations. The aim is to study the sharp effect of linear growth and nonlinear function. Both the classical reaction-diffusion equation and nonlocal dispersal equation are investigated. Our main results reveal that the linear and nonlinear parts of reaction term play quite different roles in the study of positive solutions.

The uplift history of northeastern Asian continental margin has been the subject of much debate. The Sanjiang Basin is an ideal area to investigate the uplift history of this margin. We present new data from sandstone petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopy of detrital zircons to trace the provenance of the basin and to unravel the uplift history of the northeastern Asian continental margin. We investigated the chemical and plagioclase indices of alteration and index of compositional variability (CIA, PIA and ICV, respectively) in samples from two formations. The geochemical proxies indicate that source rocks were subjected to an intensified weathering process. Based on the high SiO2/Al2O3 values and low K2O, we infer that the two basinal strata experienced silicification and insignificant potassium metasomatism. Sandstone petrography is indicative of low degrees of sedimentary sorting, suggesting a proximal deposition. The provenance fingerprints of light rare earth, high-field-strength and transition metal elements indicate that parts of the provenance included recycled sediments, and that first-cycle sediments were derived mainly from felsic rocks with a minor contribution from intermediate and mafic rocks. The combined detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic results constrain the contributions of different source terranes over time. The provenance results, in combination with seismic profile interpretations from the Sanjiang Basin, suggest that the northeastern Asian continental margin experienced at least three stages of uplift, which were driven by subduction initiation of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean during the Jurassic Period, a plate motion change during the Early Cretaceous Epoch, and a shallowing of the slab dip angle during the Late Cretaceous Epoch.

For $n\geq 3$, let $Q_n\subset \mathbb {C}$ be an arbitrary regular n-sided polygon. We prove that the Cauchy transform $F_{Q_n}$ of the normalised two-dimensional Lebesgue measure on $Q_n$ is univalent and starlike but not convex in $\widehat {\mathbb {C}}\setminus Q_n$.

The flow structures and the acoustic feedback loops of underexpanded round jets are investigated by numerical simulations. The jets have a Mach number of 1 at the nozzle exit and a diameter-based Reynolds number of $2.5 \times {10^3}$. Three nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) of 2.2, 2.4 and 2.6 are considered. The wavelengths of the screech tones are in good agreement with the experimental measurements on high-Reynolds-number jets in the literature. The screech tones are respectively at the A1 and B modes for the jets at NPRs of 2.2 and 2.6. Two screech tones at the A2 and B modes are identified in the jet at the NPR of 2.4 and the wavelet analyses conducted on the pressure fluctuations confirm that these two modes are contemporaneous. The amplitude and phase fields of fluctuating pressure at the screech frequencies are presented in the nozzle exit plane and azimuthal planes. The effective source locations of the screech tones are determined based on the distributions of the phase. The number of periods contained in the screech feedback loop is equal to the number of cells in the standing wave between the nozzle exit and the effective source. The screech frequencies estimated by the classical feedback model agree well with the numerical results at different modes. A modified model, in which the classical feedback model and the upstream-propagating acoustic wave mode of the jet are combined, shows that the screech feedback loops at the A1 and A2 modes are associated with the same acoustic wave mode. The modified model fails to estimate the screech frequencies at the B mode. Different feedback mechanisms lead to the coexistence of the A2 and B modes. The coherent structures corresponding to different screech modes are extracted by dynamic mode decomposition.